1、1. 尾流 Wake TurbulenceThe picture shows that there are 2 parallel runways in the airport機場里有兩條平行跑道 and the distance between the 2 runways is less than 760m 兩條跑道間的距離小于760米. An aircraft is taking off from one runway. 一架飛機正從跑道上起飛 Nearly after the rotation point, 在抬輪點之后vortices are generated from its win

2、gtips.從飛機翼尖處產生渦流 The left vortex rotates clockwise左側渦流順時針旋轉 and the right vortex rotates counter-clockwise右側渦流逆時針旋轉.I think the aircraft is a heavy aircraft because it has 4 engines. 飛機有四發所以我認為是重型機The wake turbulence must be very strong 尾流肯定很強and may affect operations of following aircrafts on the o

3、ther parallel RWY.有可能影響到另一條平行跑道上后面飛機的運行 Its the towers responsibility to ensure enough separation between each aircrafts.塔臺有責任確保每架飛機間的充分間隔2. 山區小飛機撞卡車This accident has happened in mountainous area. 事故發生在山區In this picture, I can see a single engine propeller airplane diving toward/crashing into a truc

4、k on the road. 圖中可以看到一架單引擎螺旋槳飛機正撞向小路上的卡車Two men are escaping from the truck when the plane almost hit them.飛機快撞上卡車時卡車上的兩人正從車上逃離 They are very lucky. 他們真是命大耶reason事故原因 As we know in mountainous area, mountain wave often occurs.我們知道在山區，經常產生山地波 The changeable current sometimes greatly affects aircraft

5、performance, especially to light aircrafts.這種變化的氣流有時會嚴重影響飛機性能，尤其是對小型飛機 I guess when the airplane in the picture is about to land in a mountain highway, it encounters strong crosswind and is out of control. 我猜當圖中飛機在準備在山區公路上著陸時，遭遇了強側風并失去了控制。Also, this accident can be caused by crew incapacitation, eng

6、ine failure, fuel exhaustion, etc. 此次事故也可能是機組失能、發動機失效r燃油耗盡等原因造成的。3.CB云turbulence This picture shows the activity of a thunderstorm in its mature stage, 圖中顯示的是處于成熟期的雷暴的運動On the top of the CB, there are anvils, CB云的頂端有云颭downdraft and updraft, roll clouds.下沉氣流、上升氣流以及翻滾的云 The lower part shows there are

7、heavy rain and downdraft in the storm.在云的下部，風暴內部有有大雨及下沉氣流There are also wind shears and turbulence on the edge of rainy area, 風暴邊緣處有還風切變和顛簸 On the leading edge of the moving storm, there are gust and dust.在移動的風暴的前緣，有陣風和揚塵4.氣象雷達/微暴上面一幅圖顯示機載雷達屏幕The top picture shows an airborne radar display. 屏幕上有3種顏色

8、On the display there are 3 colors. 紅色指示CB區域The red one indicates CB area,黃色指示嚴重顛簸 the yellow one indicates severe turbulence, 綠色指示有水汽云，但飛機飛進這些云是安全的and the green one indicates some wet clouds, but they are safe areas for aircraft to fly into. There are2 CBs ahead of the aircraft. 如果圖中飛機保持航向飛的話會遭遇到壞天氣

9、The aircraft on this picture will encounter the bad weather if it keeps this heading. 下圖顯示微暴，它十分危險并會影響1-2海里的區域，尤其是當飛機在低高度遭遇它的時候The lower picture shows microburst, it is very dangerous and may affect areas of 1-2 miles, especially when aircraft encounter it at low altitude. 圖中飛機正穿越微爆In the picture, a

10、n aircraft is flying through the microburst.5. 霍克 II 著陸拿大頂The aircraft type is Hawk II, an old biplane type used as military battle plane in World War II. 飛機機型為霍克II，是二戰時期用作軍事戰斗機的老式雙翼機型From the picture, the airplane has nosed over on the ground.圖中這家飛機機首著地栽在地上 May soldiers are standing around the airp

11、lane and check the aircraft condition.許多士兵站在飛機周圍檢查飛機情況I think the aircraft structure has been damaged. 我認為飛機結構已經受到了損傷【reason】I think this accident was caused by human error.我認為事故是由于認為差錯造成的 Since this type of aircrafts engine is installed on nose, it has forward CG.由于這種飛機引擎裝在機頭，重心靠前 During taxiing or

12、 landing roll, if the pilot apply too much brake, it will easily cause aircraft nose over. 滑行或著陸滑跑時，如果飛行員使用過量剎車，飛機就容易拿大頂So the pilots flying skill must be very poor. 所以飛行員技術肯定不好. 6. 發動機吸入塑料袋I can see an engine on the ground in maintenance area.我看到在維修區的地面上有臺發動機 It seems that the engine has ingested/s

13、ucked some foreign matter/foreign objects. 發動機似乎吸入了外來物The FOD looks like plastic material/ wrapping bag and is stuck in engine fans. 外來物看起來像是塑料材料/包裝袋,卡在發動機風扇上了So, the engine has been separated from aircraft and is waiting for repair.因此，發動機被從飛機上卸下并等待修理。7. 飛機撞地面車在圖中可以看到在滑行道附近發生一起地面碰撞事故 In this picture

14、 I can see a ground collision happened near the taxiway.飛機滑出了滑行道并與一輛地面車相撞 The aircraft skidded off the taxiway and collided with a ground vehicle. 從車的顏色來看我猜那是一輛引導車I guess it is a follow-me car from its color.飛機機型可能是福客100我不是它是屬于哪家航空公司的 The aircraft may be a Fukker100 and I dont know which airline it

15、belongs to. 飛機的機頭錐已經嚴重損傷The aircraft nose cone was seriously damaged.車子幾乎損毀了 The car was almost destroyed.我認為事故中的司機肯定受傷了 I think the car driver may get injured in this accident.8. 巴士撞727飛機This is a ground collision accident.這是一起地面碰撞事故 In this picture, a shuttle has collided with an aircraft.圖中一輛班車和飛

16、機相撞了 The aircraft seems to be B727 and belongs to Mexico Airlines.飛機看起來似乎是B727屬于墨西哥航空公司 It is parking in the apron.飛機停在機評上 It seems that he bus nose has struck the right wingtip of the aircraft. 看起來巴士的車頭撞到了飛機的右側翼尖The windshield of the bus has been broken, 巴士的風擋撞碎了the bus door is open and there is no

17、body in the bus. 巴士車門開了車里沒有人The aircraft rear passenger stairs is put down, 飛機后客梯已經放下I think the passengers and crews have already disembarked from the plane.我認為乘客都已經下飛機了。9.飛機殘骸1I can see the wreckage of an aircraft on a field. 在曠野上有飛機的殘骸I think its MD11, because it has No.2 engine installed on its

18、tail section. 我認為這是架MD11飛機因為機尾上安裝一臺2發The aircraft has been badly destroyed and has broken into pieces.飛機已經嚴重損毀并碎成多塊 I dont know which company the aircraft belongs to. 不知飛機屬于哪家航空公司I think after the crash, the aircraft must have caught fire because I can see burn trace on the fuselage.我認為飛機在墜毀后肯定著火了因為

19、機身上有燒焦的痕跡 Its a terrible disaster. 這是一起可怕的災難There must be someone die in the accident.事故中肯定有人死了 Near the wreckage, a police car is parking.殘骸附近有輛警車停著 Some rescue personnel are searching for sth.一些營救人員正在尋找著什么。10.飛機殘骸2I can see the wreckage of an aircraft near a building. 在一幢建筑附近有飛機的殘骸The aircraft has

20、 been badly destroyed and has broken into two pieces.飛機已經嚴重損毀并斷成兩截 I think after the crash, the aircraft must have caught fire because I can see burn trace on the fuselage.我認為飛機在墜毀后肯定著火了因為機身上有燒焦的痕跡 So, I dont know the aircraft type and which company the aircraft belongs to. 因此我不知飛機是那只機型屬于哪家航空公司Its a

21、 terrible disaster. 這是一起可怕的災難There must be someone die in the accident.事故中肯定有人死了 Two men are standing on the roof of the building and near the wreckage, some rescue persons are searching for sth.大樓屋頂上站著2個人，殘骸附近一些營救人員正在尋找著什么。11.大韓747翼根爆洞In the picture, I can see a Korean airlines aircraft parking on

22、the apron/ramp.圖中看到一架大韓航空的飛機停在機坪上 Its a B747 cargo plane/freighter, because there is no passenger window on the fuselage. 這是一架747貨機，因為機身上沒有乘客窗There is a big hole above the wing root on the fuselage. 在翼根上方的機身上有個大洞Some people are standing under the aircraft. 一些人站在飛機下方I think they are investigating thi

23、s accident.我認為他們站在調查這起事故reasonI think maybe this hole was caused by FOD strike. 我認為這個大洞可能是外來物撞擊造成的Or it was caused by bomb explosion, on board oxygen cylinder explosion.也可能是由于炸彈爆炸或機載氧氣瓶爆炸Because it is a cargo plane, when carrying some dangerous goods/cargo on board, the dangerous cargo explosion can

24、 also damage the aircraft. 由于這是架貨機，在運輸危險品時，危險品爆炸也會導致對飛機的損壞。12. 飛機擦尾This picture is about tail strike. 這是一幅關于飛機擦尾的圖From the background, I know the airport locates in mountainous area and the weather at that time is good. The visibility is more than 10 km. 從圖片背景看，機場坐落于山區當時天氣很好，能見度大于10km A B777 is taki

25、ng off from a runwayflaps on takeoff setting, but its tail section is touching/hitting the ground. 一架777正從跑道上起飛【從襟翼設置看出是起飛】但飛機尾部擦到了地面This may cause serious damage to the fuselage and even cause passengers injury.這可能會對飛機機身造成嚴重損傷甚至乘客受傷 On the right bottom of the picture, I can see another aircraft is

26、waiting for lining up at a holding point. 在圖片右下角，另一架飛機正在等待點等著進跑道reasonAs far as I know, most tail strike accidents were caused by human errors. 據我所知，大多數擦尾都是由人為失誤造成的Such as, excessive rotation input during takeoff, incorrect CG input in preflight preparation. 比如說起飛時過度拉桿，飛前準備時重心輸錯Moreover the aircraft

27、 may have some sudden mechanical trouble with its control system. 另外由于操縱系統的突發機械故障也會導致擦尾Also, maybe during takeoff rolling the captain saw debirs on the runway and he wanted to rotate earlier to avoid collision, but the aircraft was too heavy, so he couldnt pull up the aircraft under this situation.也

28、可能在起飛滑跑時機長看到跑道上有異物，為避免相撞想早點拉桿，但飛機太重了，所以在此情況下拉不動。13.協和飛機著火In this picture, a Concord is taking off from a runway. 圖中看到一架協和飛機正從跑道上起飛I can see flame and smoke is coming out from the rear part of the aircraft. 可以看到飛機后部有煙霧和火焰冒出This is a famous accident happened in July 2000 in Charles de Gaulle airport i

29、n Paris.這是發生在00年7月戴高樂機場的一起著名的事故 According to the investigation, the accident was caused by runway debris.調查顯示事故是由于跑道異物引起的 During takeoff roll, the aircraft ran over a piece of metal strip fell off from the engine of a previous DC10. 起飛滑跑時飛機壓過了前面一架起飛的DC10飛機發動機上掉下的一塊金屬片The strip punctured the tyre and

30、 caused type burst. 金屬片刺穿輪胎導致爆胎The debris from the tyre broke the wing tank and caused serious fuel leak. 輪胎碎片打破機翼油箱導致燃油嚴重泄漏Then the whole wing was on fire. 隨后整個機翼著火At last the Concord crashed into a small hotel near the airport. 最后協和飛機墜毀撞入了一家機場附近的賓館All the people on board died. Its a disaster. 機上無人

31、生還，這真是一起災難14.飛機除冰一架雙發飛機停在除冰區，根據機尾國旗顏色判斷是俄羅斯飛機。I can see that a twin engine aircraft is parking on the de-icing area. According to the flag painted on its tail, I know this is an aircraft from Russian. 周圍地面冰雪覆蓋天氣很冷Heavy ice and snow has built up on the ground. It must be very cold.飛機周圍有2輛除冰車There are

32、 2 de-icing vehicles near the aircraft.，一工人站在升降梯上手拿工具噴灑除冰液, One staff is standing on the lift, holding a tool and spraying de-icing fluid on the fuselage.另一工人在機尾下方行走，檢查是否冰雪完全清除了。Another staff is walking beneath the rear part of the airplane, he is checking if the ice or snow has been completely remo

33、ved. 15. 777液壓系統1. According to the picture, what would be the result of right-hand side system malfunction?If the right system fails, we may lose normal brakes, right reverser and part of flight controls.In case of right system failure, the normal brakes, right reverser and part of flight controls

34、may be unusable / unserviceable / out of service / inoperative.We may not be able to use 2. According to the picture, what would be the result of center system malfunction?3. If both the right and center hydraulic pressure system fail, how would it affect your landing?., we will lose many flight con

35、trol systems such as the flaps, the right reverser and the brakes.So it would be really difficult for us to control the aircraft to land. We will land at high speed, and we will need longer distance to stop our aircraft.16. 跳滑梯In this picture, I can see a Mock Up of a passenger aircraft.圖中可以看到一架客機的仿

36、真模型 It belongs to China Eastern.飛機屬于東航Two evacuation slides of the airplane have been inflated and extended/deployed from the cabin door.飛機的2個撤離滑梯已經從艙門中充氣并放出A trainee is sitting upright （raising hands over his chest）and escaping down quickly from one slide. 一位學員豎直坐著(雙手前舉)快速從一根滑梯上滑下He is doing emergency evacuation training. 他正在做撤離演習It is a helpful training facility of emergency evacuation for the crews. 這一訓練設施對機組訓練緊急撤離很有用. I have eperieced this training for several times17. 四幅特情圖Upper left: the aircraft is flying. Theres smoke coming out from the starboard engine.Upper ri