SocialRulesUnit5英語2基礎模塊Aftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeableto:understandunwrittensocialrules;shareopinionsonsocialrules;writeaspeechonfamilyrules;conductasurveyonsocialrulesfollowdifferenttypesofsocialrulesandbehaveappropriately.LearningObjectivesCONTENTS01/Warm-Up02/Reading03/GrammarandUsage04/IntegratedSkills

05/ExtendedReading06/Real-LifeActivity07/Self-Assessment08/WordsandExpressionsPART01Warm-UpMatcheachpicturewithitsdescription.1a.offeryourseattotheelderlyb.cleanyourpet’swastec.stopataredlightd.notalkingduringamoviecbadTickthecorrectsocialmediaetiquette.Addmoreifyoucan.2PART02ReadingAndywantstobeapleasantandlikeablememberofhisnewclass.Hefindsthefollowingarticleontheschoolwebsiteveryuseful.Whatareunwrittenrules?Canyougivesomeexamplesofunwrittenrules?UnwrittenRulesTherestaurantwascrowdedwithlotsofpeopleenjoyingtheirmeals.Suddenly,onemanraisedhisvoiceandshoutedatthewomansittingacrossfromhim,“Stopit,Sylvia.”Thissurprisedeveryoneandtheyallturnedtolookathim.Maybeherealiseditwasnotagoodideabecauseheimmediatelyloweredhisvoice,speakinginaquiettonesonobodyelsecouldhear.Peoplewereshockedbecausethiskindofcommotionalmostneverhappensinrestaurants.Therearenolawsagainstit,butwerarelyseepeopleshoutinglikethat.Whenyou’reeatingwithothers,it’spolitetokeepyourvoicedown.Thisisjustoneexampleoftheunwrittenruleswefollowinourdailylives.Haveyouevernoticedhowwestopataredlightevenwhenthere’snoothertrafficaround?Eventhoughit’ssafetodriveon,westillwaitforthelighttochange.It’snotbecauseoffearofaccidentsorgettingarrestedbythepolice.It’sjustsomethingwedotoberesponsibleandfollowtherules.Atmajorsportingevents,thousandsofpeoplesitinthestands,buttheyneverrunontothefield.Therearen’tenoughguardstostopeveryone,butstill,nobodydoesit.That’sbecauseit’sanunwrittenrulethatwestayinourseatsandrespecttheboundaries.Inrestaurants,peoplealwayspayfortheirmeals.Eventhoughitwouldberemarkablyeasytowanderoffwithoutpaying,ithardlyeverhappens.Why?Becauseit’sanotherunwrittenrulethatweshouldautomaticallypayourbillsandbehonest.Weallobeytheseruleswithouteventhinkingaboutit.Afterthedisturbancebytheman’syelling,everyoneintherestaurantbecamemorecautiousabouttheirbehaviour.Theyweren’tsurewhatbotheredthem,buttheyknewithadviolatedabasicruleofhowwearesupposedtobehave.That’sagoodthingbecauseitshowswecareaboutdoingtherightthingandbeingconsideratetowardsothers.Whatistheauthor’sopinionontheunwrittenrules?Completethemindmapbelow.1UnderstandingtheTextraisedhisvoiceandshoutedatthewomansittingacrossfromhimrestaurantturnedtolookathimimmediatelyloweredhisvoice(andspeakinaquiettone)follow/obeywithothersit’spolitetokeepyourvoicedownWestopataredlightevenwhenthere’snoothertrafficaround.Wesitinthestandsbutneverrunontothefieldatmajorsportingevents.Weautomaticallypayourbilllsandbehonestinrestaurants.unwrittenruleswecareaboutdoingtherightthingandbeingconsideratetowardsothersTickthetruestatementsaccordingtothetext.21.Themanimmediatelyloweredhisvoicebecauseoftherestrictionoflaw.2.lfnocarsarecoming,wecancrossontheredlight.3.Atmajorsportingevents,peoplecangetoutoftheirseatsandwalkontothefield.4.lfitiseasytowanderawaywithoutpayingformeals,peoplewillnotpaytheirbills.5.Unwrittenrulesarelikesimpleguidelinesforhowweshouldbehave.Canyouthinkofotherunwrittenrules?Discusswithyourpartnerandaddoneortwomoreunwrittenrulestothelist.3LanguageFocus1.Therestaurantwascrowdedwithlotsofpeopleenjoyingtheirmeals.(para.1,line1)餐館里坐滿了正在就餐的食客。becrowdedwith被……擠滿Theoldtownsquarewascrowdedwithpeople.古老的小鎮廣場上擠滿了人。crowd

(n.)人群；群眾；一伙人Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他在人群中往前擠。Crowdsofpeoplepouredintothestreet.人們成群結隊涌上街頭。2.Maybeherealiseditwasnotagoodideabecauseheimmediatelyloweredhisvoice,speakinginaquiettonesonobodyelsecouldhear.(para.1,line4-6)也許他意識到這樣不好，立即壓低了聲音，說話平緩了下來。其他人聽不到了。immediately(adv.)立即，馬上Sheansweredalmostimmediately.她幾乎立刻就回答了。近義詞：atonce(conj.)一……就；即刻Immediatelyshe’dgone,Irememberedhername.她剛走我就想起了她的名字。近義詞：themomentLanguageFocus(2)tone(n.)口氣，腔調atoneofsurprise驚奇的口氣Don’tspeaktomeinthattoneofvoice.別用那種口吻跟我講話。(n.)風格；氣氛；情調Theoveralltoneofthebookisgentlynostalgic.這本書整體格調是溫情的懷舊。(n.)（尤指樂器或電子音響設備的）音質，音色thefullrichtoneofthetrumpet小號飽滿嘹亮的音色(n.)色調；明暗；影調acarpetinwarmtonesofbrownandorange棕色和橘黃色的暖色調地毯LanguageFocus3.Peoplewereshockedbecausethiskindofcommotionalmostneverhappensinrestaurants.(para.2,line1-2)人們感到震驚，因為這樣的騷動幾乎從未在餐館發生過。commotion(n.)（可數名詞，通常用作單數或不可數名詞）（突然發生的）喧鬧，騷亂，騷動Heheardacommotionoutside.他聽見外面一陣騷動。InallthecommotionIforgottotellhimthenews.在一陣混亂之中我忘了告訴他那個消息。LanguageFocus4.Therearenolawsagainstit,butwerarelyseepeopleshoutinglikethat.(para.2,line2-3)雖然沒有什么法律禁止這樣的事，但我們很少看到有人這樣大喊大叫。rarely(adv.)很少，不常Sheisrarelyseeninpublicnowadays.如今她很少公開露面。rarely放句首，句子要部分倒裝Rarelyhasadebateattractedsomuchmediaattention.難得有一場辯論吸引這么多的媒體關注。rare(adj.)稀少的；罕見的araredisease罕見的疾病(adj.)稀罕的；珍貴的ararebreed珍奇物種(adj.)半熟的；半生的mediumraresteak三分熟牛排LanguageFocus5.Thisisjustoneexampleoftheunwrittenruleswefollowinourdailylives.(para.2,line4-5)這僅僅是我們在日常生活中遵循的許多不成文規則的一個例子。unwritten(adj.)非書面的，不成文的（法律、規定、協議等）Withoutunwrittenrulescivilizedlifewouldbeimpossible.沒有不成文的規定，就不會有文明生活。LanguageFocus6.It’s

not

because

of

fear

of

accidents

or

gettingarrestedbythepolice.(para.3,line3-4)這不是因為我們害怕發生事故或被警察抓住。arrest(v.)逮捕，拘留Shewasarrestedfordrug-relatedoffences.她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。(n.)逮捕；拘捕Thepolicemadeseveralarrests.警方逮捕了好幾人。Hewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.

他因涉嫌謀殺而被逮捕。LanguageFocus7.Atmajorsportingevents,thousandsofpeoplesitinthestands,buttheyneverrunontothefield.(para.4,line1-2)在重大體育賽事中，成千上萬的人坐在看臺上，但他們從不跑進比賽場地。stand(n.)立場；桌，臺，攤位；舞臺Theymusttakeastand.他們必須表明立場。anewspaperstand報攤Therearemanyspectatorsinthestands.看臺上有許多觀眾。LanguageFocusLanguageFocus8.That’sbecauseit’sanunwrittenrulethatwestayinourseatsandrespecttheboundaries.(para.4,line3-4)因為觀眾就應該規規矩矩地坐在座位上，遵守場內場外界線，這是不成文的規則。(1)boundary(n.)邊界，界限Scientistscontinuetopushbacktheboundariesofhumanknowledge.科學家不斷擴大人類知識的邊界。(2)“...thatwestayinourseatsandrespecttheboundaries”是同位語從句，對前面的rule進行解釋說明，說明它的具體內容。9.Eventhoughitwouldberemarkablyeasytowanderoffwithoutpaying,ithardlyeverhappens.(para.5,line1-3)盡管不付錢就開溜很容易，但這種情況幾乎從未發生過。wander(v.)閑逛，游蕩Hiseyeswanderedtowardsthephotographsonthewall.他的目光慢慢地移向墻上的照片。Thechildwanderedoffandgotlost.那孩子走散后迷路了。LanguageFocus10.Becauseit’sanotherunwrittenrulethatweshouldautomaticallypayourbillsandbehonest.(para.5,line3-4)因為這是另一個不成文的規則，即我們應該自動支付賬單、誠實守信。automatically(adv.)自動地

Thedoorsopenandcloseautomatically.這些門自動開關。automatic(adj.)自動的Switchthecameraintotheautomaticmode.將照相機調到自動拍攝狀態。LanguageFocus11.Weallobeytheseruleswithouteventhinkingaboutit.(para.6,line1)我們都不假思索地遵守這些規則。obey(v.)服從；遵守Youmustobeythecaptain’scommands.你必須服從船長的命令。Agoodcitizenmustobeythelaw.一個好公民必須守法。LanguageFocus12.Afterthedisturbancebytheman’syelling,everyoneintherestaurantbecamemorecautiousabouttheirbehaviour.(para.6,line1-3)在被那個男人的吼叫打擾之后，餐館里的每個人都對自己的行為更加小心謹慎。(1)disturbance(n.)打擾，妨礙Thebuildingworkiscreatingconstantnoise,dustanddisturbance.建筑施工不斷制造噪音、灰塵和干擾。disturb(v.)干擾；使不安Ifyougetupearly,trynottodisturbeveryoneelse.如果你起得早，盡量不要打擾別人。LanguageFocus(2)yell(v.)叫喊，大叫Heyelledattheotherdriver.他沖著另一位司機大叫。(n.)喊叫；叫嚷SomethingbrushedpastBob’sfaceandheletoutayell.什么東西擦過了Bob的臉，他發出了一聲大叫。LanguageFocus(3)cautious(adj.)小心的，謹慎的cautiousaboutsth./sb.對某物/某人謹慎

cautiousaboutdoingsth.對做某事謹慎，小心They’vetakenaverycautiousapproach.他們采取了一個十分謹慎的方法。Hewasverycautiousaboutcommittinghimselftoanything.他謹小慎微，從不輕易表態。LanguageFocus13.Theyweren’tsurewhatbotheredthem,buttheyknewithadviolatedabasicruleofhowwearesupposedtobehave.(para.6,line3-5)他們不確定是什么困擾著他們，但他們知道吼叫違反了我們應該遵守的基本行為準則。bother(v.)打擾；使（某人）煩惱Thatsprainedankleisstillbotheringher.她那扭傷的腳踝還在隱隱作痛。Idon’twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。(n.)（不可數名詞）麻煩；困難Idon’twanttoputyoutoanybother.我不想給你添亂子。

（可數名詞，用于單數）令人煩惱的情況（或事物、人）IhopeIhaven’tbeenabother.希望我沒煩擾你。LanguageFocus(2)violate(v.)違反，違背（法律、協議等）Theywenttoprisonbecausetheyviolatedthelaw.他們因觸犯了法律而坐牢。violation(n.)違反;違法Hewasfined200dollarsforviolationoftrafficregulation.他因違反交通規則被罰款200美元。LanguageFocus14.That’sagoodthingbecauseitshowswecareaboutdoingtherightthingandbeingconsideratetowardsothers.(para.6,line5-7)這是一件好事，因為它表明，我們在意要做事要恰當，要為他人著想。considerate(adj.)考慮周到的，體貼的Itwasveryconsiderateofhimtowait.他一直在等候著，真是體貼人。Sheisalwayspoliteandconsideratetowardsheremployees.她對待員工總是客客氣氣，關心體諒。辨析：considerate和considerableconsiderate的意思是考慮周到的；considerable的意思是相當大的;相當多(或重要等)的。Theprojectwastedaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoney.那項工程浪費了相當多的時間和資金。LanguageFocusChoosetherightwordtocompleteeachsentence.Changetheformifnecessary.WordStudy1arrestedbehavecrowdedbotherobeyCircletherightwordtocompleteeachsentence.2Thesuffix“-ful”canbeaddedtoanountoformanadjectivethatmeans“fullof”or“havingthequalitiesof”.Completeeachsentencewiththegivenwordbyadding“-ful”toit.31.Hewas_______(hope)thatthingswouldgetbettersoon.2.Ireceivedalettersayingthatmyapplicationhadbeen_________(success).3.I’mvery_______(care)aboutwashingmyhandsbeforeeating.4.Fruitjuicecanbe_______(harm)tochildren’steeth.5.Theorganizationisdoing_________(wonder)thingsforthecommunity.6.Chinahasbecomeincreasingly_______(power)ontheworldstage.hopefulsuccessfulcarefulharmfulwonderfulpowerfulPART03GrammarandUsageThereIs/AreWeusethereisandtherearetosaythatsomethingexists.Weusethereisforsingularandthereareforplural.Wealsousethereiswithuncountablenouns.Forexample:Thereisnoonearoundtocatchyou.Therearenolawsagainstit.Thetableshowshowthestructureisused.Lookatthepictureandusethereisortherearetocompleteeachsentence.11.________threepeoplestandinginline.2.________amicrowaveovenonthecupboardcounter.3.________twoladieswaitingforthecake.4.________onlyoneclerkservingthepeople.ThereareThereisThereareThereisWorkwithyourpartnertocompletethedialoguesaccordingtothepicture.21.A:Howmanypeoplearethereinthelibrary?B:___________________________________2.A:___________________________________B:Therearetwopeopleonthebenches.3.A:Howmanytablesarethereinthelibrary?B:___________________________________4.A:___________________________________B:Thereisoneplantinthelibrary.Therearesixteenpeopleinthelibrary.Howmanypeoplearethereonthebenches?Therearethreetablesinthelibrary.Howmanyplantsarethereinthelibrary?PART04IntegratedSkillsListentoaconversationandtickwhatAndydidthatannoyedhisfriendMike.1Listenagainandtickthetruestatements.21.AndyandMikewenttoapartyyesterdayevening.2.Mikepostedsomeofthepicturestakenatthepartyonhissocialmedia.3.Weshouldn’tshareanythingaboutotherswithouttheirpermission.4.Onlineprivacyisnotabigdeal.5.Followingtherulesofetiquettehelpsusmaintainhealthyrelationships.Listentoaconversationandfillintheblanks.3thatmoreimportantthandisagreeMyopinionisthatIseewhatyoumeanyoumighthaveapointthereExactlyYou’rerightfindListenagainandhighlightSandy’sandPaul’sopinionsonsocialmanners.4Belowaresomeofyourneighbour’sbehaviours.Discusswithyourpartnerandexpresswhetheryouagreeordisagreeaccordingtoyourunderstandingofsocialrules.5Samuel,anexchangestudentfromItaly,introducedhisfamilyrules.Herearesomeofthem.Doyouagreewiththerules?6BelowareLily’sfamilyrules.ReadthemandhelpLilycompleteherspeech“MyFamilyRules”.7takemystudiesseriouslyWaitforotherstofinishtalkingbeforeyoutalkknockbeforegoingintoAlwaystellaparentifsomeonedon’tspeakwithourmouthfullyoudon’tknowwantstobeyourfriendinreallifeoronlinesomeone’sroomPART05ExtendedReadingTherearemanyrulesweareexpectedtofollowinourlife.Hereisabriefintroductiontothedifferenttypesofsocialrulesweneedtoknowandfollow.Whowilltakepartinthefamilydiscussion?Canyoulistsomesocialrules?Doyouthinksocialrulescanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes?Whatwillbetheconsequencesifyoubreakthem？TypesofSocialRulesEverysocietyhasrulesthatdefineacceptableandappropriatebehaviours.Theserulesvarybasedonthesituationandcanchangeovertime.Forexample,intheWest,it’scommontomaintaineyecontactwhiletalking,butinsomeAsiancultures,avoidingeyecontactisseenaspoliteandrespectful.Therearedifferenttypesofsocialrules:folkways,mores,laws,andregulations.Folkwaysareinformalcustomsthatdefineacceptableandnormalbehaviour.Forinstance,waitinginlineandusingdustbinsareconsideredfolkways.Theycoverthingsliketablemanners,greetings,andappropriateclothingfordifferentoccasions.Breakingfolkwaysmightnotresultinpunishmentbutcanleadtocriticismorwarnings.Mores(pronounced“more-rays”)arestricteranddeterminewhatismorallyrightorwrong.Cheating,lying,andbullyingareuniversallyconsideredmorallywrong.Breakingmorescanleadtopunishment.Lawsandregulationsareformalrulesestablishedbyauthorities.Theyaddressmoreseriousoffenceslikedrink-driving,theft,robbery,andmurder.Lawsexistinordertopreventactionsthatcouldharmothers.Violatinglawscanleadtovariouspunishments,fromminortosevere,andfromfinestoimprisonmentorevendeath.Overall,folkways,mores,laws,andregulationshelpmaintainsocialorder.Theyensurethatpeopleunderstandtheboundariesofacceptablebehaviourandtheconsequencesofbreakingtheserules.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutdifferenttypesofsocialrules?Fillintheblankswithinformationfromthetext.1UnderstandingtheTextinformalcustomscriticismorwarningsrightorwrongpunishmentformalrulesauthoritiespunishmentsfromfinestoimprisonmentGiveexamplesofdifferenttypesofsocialrules.2PART06Real-LifeActivityUnderstandingetiquetteandfollowingrulescanmakeabigdifferenceinhowweinteractwithothers.Somerulesaren’twrittendown,buteveryoneisexpectedtoknowandfollowthem.Createandconductasurveytoseehowfamiliaryoursch