1、 大學英語四六級翻譯語法精要：比較級和最高級、名詞性從句 比較級和最高級無比較級和最高級的形容詞及副詞: complete, perfect, utter, etc比較從句asas, almost/just/nearly asas, not so/as as:Well give you as much help as we can.I havent made as much progress as I should.Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.My command of English

2、 is not half so (as) good as yours.than, so much/a lot more than, no more than, not morethan, less thanmorethan, lessthan可表示“與其說不如說”:He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級 +

3、 than”所表示的可以是該形容詞或副詞的相反的含義:no rich than = as poor asno bigger than = as small asno later than = as early asJohn is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.the more the more (越是就越)Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.The more they talked, the more encouraged

4、 they felt.more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 當as much of aas, more/less of a than等結構與單數可數名詞搭配時, 名詞只能置于比較結構中間.He is more of a sportsman than his brother. 名詞性從句: 名詞性從句包括主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句, 同位語從句.主語從句有三類:由what等代詞引導的主語從句: what表示“所的(東西)”, 在結構上等于一個名詞加一個定語從句; whatever表示“所的一切”; whoever表示“一切的人”.What you

5、 need is more practiceWhat is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.由連詞that引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句在大多數情況下都放到句子后部去, 而用代詞it做形式上的主語:

6、That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesnt seem likely that she will be here.在口語中連詞that有時可以省略掉:Its good youre so considerate.Its a pity you missed such a fine talk.由連接代詞或連接副詞(或whether)引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主語.When we shall hav

7、e our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us wont make too much difference.It wont make too much difference whether he will join us.2賓語從句: 和主語從句及表語從句一樣, 賓語從句也有以上三類.a) 連接代詞或副詞引導的從句只是在某些動詞后能用作賓語.Tell me what you want.I just can

8、t imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟這類賓語從句的常見動詞有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 這種動詞后也常用whether或if引導的從與作賓語:I dont know

9、 whether these figure are accurate.Im wondering if the letter is overweight.這種從句有時前面可以有另一個賓語:Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?Please advise me which book I should read first.有時這種從句也可用作及詞的賓語:Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of wh

10、at an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b) 用that引導的從句作賓語的情形最為普遍, 在很多動詞如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notic

11、e, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑問式后面都可以用它. 情態動詞:may/might表示允許和可能:允許: 詢問或說明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question?You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might as well speak your mind. (比may顯得婉轉一些)可能: 表示一件事或許發生(或是某種情況可能會存在).You ma

12、y walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they might not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.might 表示請求:Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比May I 更客氣一些)cant, couldnt表示否定的推測:She cant be serious.A more suitable book cant be found. (It is not possible to find

13、 a more suitable book.)He couldnt (cant) be over fifty.should, ought to: 表示應該做的事, ought to比should口氣稍重一些.You should (ought to) do as he says.You shouldnt (oughtnt to) talk like that.但這兩者間也有一些差別, 在表示責任, 義務等該做的事情時, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做時, 多用should, 在下面的句子中這兩個詞就不宜換用:You are his father. You ought to take

14、 care of him.We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.will, wouldshall, should表示意愿情態動詞后接進行式, 完成式和完成進行式:情態動詞可以和動詞的進行式構成謂語, 表示”應該正在”, “想必正在”這類意思:Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?This isnt what I ought to be doing.She might still be thinking about the question you raised.T

15、hey must (may) be waiting for us, lets hurry up.They cant be using the room now.情態動詞有時和動詞的完成形式構成謂語, 表示”應當已經”, “想必已經”這類意思:I should have thought of that.They shouldnt have left so soon.She must have arrived by now.You neednt have told them that.Where can (could) he have gone?He cant have finished the

16、work so soon.He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.We ought to have give you more help.情態動詞間或也可以和一個動詞的完成進行式構成謂語,表示”應當一直在”, “想必一直在”這類意思:They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.They may have been discussing the problem this morning.You should have been waiting for us. Why havent you?She couldnt have been swimmin