1、精品教學課件設計 | Excellent teaching plan六級翻譯強化提高班菜鳥課程主講：董仲蠡歡迎使用菜鳥課程電子講義出題形式 關于大學英語四、六級考試題型調整的說明 原單句漢譯英調整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經濟、社會發展等。四 級長度為 140-160 個漢字；六級長度為 180-200 個漢字。-全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會2013 年 8 月 14 日翻譯？Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.

2、 Columbia Encyclopedia翻譯本身一種錯誤？Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.Translation is the art of failure.四六級翻譯評分標準分數檔 標準特征 符合定義13-15 譯文準確表達了原文的意思。用詞貼切， 行文流暢， 基本上無語言錯誤， 僅有個別 小錯。 雅10-12 譯文基本上表達了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯誤。 達7-9 譯文勉強表達了原文的意思

3、。 用詞欠準確， 語言錯誤相當多， 其中有些是嚴重語言錯誤。 信大師如何說翻譯？ 譯事三難：信、達、雅。-嚴復The standard of true;The standard fluent;The standard of beauty.-林語堂翻譯本天成，妙手偶得之STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability,

4、 is in the judgment, and disposition of business.-Francis Bacon讀書足以怡情，足以博采，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨處幽居之時；其博采也，最見于 高談闊論之中，其長才也，最見于處事判事之際。王佐良 譯Able was I ere I saw Elba. 我在到俄爾巴島之前是有能力的。 在我看到 Elba 島之前，我曾所向無敵。 不到俄島我不倒。 弱至孤島孤至弱。 孤至厄島厄至孤。 困遇孤島孤遇困。 若非孤島孤非若(弱)。 落敗孤島孤敗落。Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we g

5、row old by deserting our ideals. 年年有加，并非垂老；理想丟棄，方至暮年。Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. ? 歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹唐必至靈魂。-王佐良 譯 Youth 翻譯本天成，妙手偶得之 Never mind, I'll find someone like you. 毋須煩惱，終有弱水替滄海。I wish nothing but the best, for you too. 拋卻糾纏，再把相思寄巫山。-Adele Adki

6、ns Someone like youIf I should meet thee, after long years.How should I greet thee, with silence and tears.- George Gordon Byran異化( foreignization )翻譯： 多年后，如果我們相逢。 我將以何來面汝，以沉默以眼淚。歸化( domestication )翻譯： 多年惜別后，抑或再相逢。 相逢何所語？淚流默無聲。歸化：三國演義二十一回： 操曰： “龍能大能小，能升能隱；大則興云吐霧，小則隱介藏形；升則飛騰于宇宙之間，隱 則潛伏于波濤之內。”A dragon

7、 can assume any size, can rise in glory or hide from sight. Bulky, it generates clouds and evolves mist; attenuated, it can scarcely hide a mustard stalk or conceal a shadow. Mounting, it can soar to the empyrean; subsiding, it lurks in the uttermost depths of the ocean.巧婦難為無米之炊。Even the cleverest h

8、ousewife can' t cook a meal without rice.Even the cleverest housewife can' t make bread without flour.尷尬的翻譯人之初： At the beginning of life. （ 白話文：生命的起初 ）性本善： Sex is good. （白話文：性是美好的 ）性相近： Basically, all the sex are the same. （ 白話文：基本上，所有的性行為是差不多滴）習相遠： But it depends on the way you do it. （ 白話文

9、：但還是得依照個人的喜好而為之）思考Always meaning to meaning.Never word to word.人之初，性本善。 性相近，習相遠。Man at birth,Being of worth.The same natureVaries on nurture.判斷一下？赤壁 Red Cliff紅巖水滸傳 All men are Brothers都他媽是兄弟霸王別姬 Farewell, My Concubine別了，我的情兒判斷一下？ 要想皮膚好，早晚用大寶。信： If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morni

10、ng and night.達： We can have a beautiful face by using Dabao every day.雅： A fair face now, Dabao knows how.漢語（通常情況）1. 修飾結構在前2. 分離可反復3. 主動居多4. 一句可多動詞英語（通常情況）1. 修飾結構在后2. 合并避反復3. 善用被動4. 動詞要有主有次做題步驟1. 調整語序2. 直接翻譯（信、達）3. 美化翻譯（雅） 試題演練我國的端午節（ the Dragon Boat Festival ）是紀念古代詩人屈原的日子。 The Dragon Boat Festival

11、is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Y uan. 喝茶聊天是中國人中最流行的打發時間的方式。Chatting with cups of tea is the most popular way to spend time among Chinese. 過中秋節的習俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.旅游業是最近二十年來

12、在世界各地迅速發展的一個行業， 現在正引起中國公眾越來越大的Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.思考：“是”？“是”的翻譯技巧 世界貿易組織是成立于 1995 年 1 月 1 日的，目的是確保一個穩定的全球貿易經濟環境。The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a st

13、able environment of trading and economy in the world.改變一下？ 三國演義由羅貫中創作于 14 世紀，是一部中國歷史題材小說。Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel (a novel based on Chinese history stories).大學生之間的競爭也越來越激烈，這導致任何一名大學生找到工作的機會都變小了。The competition among graduates

14、 has become more and more fierce, which results that the chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.對于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來說， 高昂的房價是他們無法承受的負擔。For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is

15、 a heavy burden that they cannot afford.欣賞尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚；乍暖還寒時候；最難將息。seek, seek; search, search;cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; cruel, cruel griefNow warm, then like the autumn cold againHow hard to calm the heart!尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚；乍暖還寒時候；最難將息。I look for what I missI know not what it isI feel

16、so sad, so drear,So lonely, without cheer,How hard is itTo keep me fitin this lingering cold.許淵沖許先生也有逗 B 翻譯：君莫舞！君不見，玉環飛燕皆塵土？Do not dance then! Have you not seen both plump and slender beauties turn to dust?我愛你青松氣質，我愛你紅梅品格。I love your temperament of the pine, and your character of the red plum. 我愛你家鄉

17、的甜蔗，好像乳汁滋潤著我的心窩。I love your sugarcane in our hometown, which moistens my heart like breast milk.合并詳解做秘書與人們所想象的不同。Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.做秘書是一份非常復雜的需要組織、協調和溝通能力的工作。Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and commun

18、icate.做秘書與人們所想象的不同，非常復雜的需要組織、協調和溝通能力的工作。Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.礦產資源( mineral resources)是自然資源的重要組成部分，是人類社會發展的重要物質 基礎。Mineral resources, an important part of natural resources, a

19、re a major material foundation for the development of human society.中國是一個人口眾多、 資源相對不足的發展中國家， 主要依靠本國的資源來保障建設需要。 China, a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources, depends on its own resources to meet the needs of construction.中醫 (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 是中

20、華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏做出了巨大Traditional Chinese Medicine, a crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the development （and prosperity） of China.多動句 春天來了， 花開了，草綠了， 河水化了，陽光灑在大地上。我們來到了小河邊，來到了田野里， 來到了山崗上。多動句（主語相同）解題方法：1、動詞之間地位相同： V1, V2, , Vn 。2、動詞之間有主次之分：找到主動詞，其他用doing 或者 to do。3、不知道誰主

21、誰次：用連詞體重是我的大問題，因為它決定著我找男朋友和未來嫁出去的可能性。My weight is a big problem because it determines the possibility of my finding an excellent boyfriend and getting married in the future.特別是在春節和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used t

22、o decorate doors, windows and rooms （in order） to enhance the joyous atmosphere.對于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來說， 高昂的房價是他們無法承受的負擔。 鑒于這一狀況， 政府近來采取了一系列的措施來防止房 價過快增長，包括提高利率及增加房產稅等。For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high hous

23、ing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.大學生把在校的大多數時間都用在了專業學科學習上，只有當他們開始找工作的時候， 才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業培訓。Colle

24、ge students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.思考： 是否找個理由繼續茍活？ 還是展翅高飛保持憤怒？無主句 松下問童子，言師采藥去。 只在此山中，云深不知處。我）松下問童子，（童子）言師采藥去。 師傅）只在此山中，云深（童子）不知處。補主語I asked the boy beneath the p

25、ines, He said, “ The master has gone alone. Herb-picking somewhere on the mount, Cloud-hidden where abouts unknown. ”林語堂 必須保證每天八小時睡眠。We must guarantee eight hours' sleep every day.經典案例賞析 山重水復疑無路，柳暗花明又一村。There is a poem from the Southern Song Dynasty that reads: "After endless mountains and

26、rivers that leave doubt whether there is a path out, suddenly one encounter the shade of a willow, bright flowers and a lovely village.-Hillary Clinton 思考生當作人杰，死亦為鬼雄。We should live as an outstanding person, And die as an outstanding ghost.Be man of men while you are alive,And soul of souls if you we

27、re dead.許淵沖中國人與狗不得入內。Chinese and dogs can' t go in. Chinese and dogs are not admitted.變被動： 必須保證每天八小時睡眠。Eight hours ' sleep must be guaranteed every day.整個義務教育階段，要求學生在每學期期末參加期末考試。Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examination.因此，強烈建議大學生在課

28、余時間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關的工作經驗。Therefore, college students are strongly suggested to do Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.在山的那邊海的那邊有一群藍精靈非人主語 + 有、存在There be中西方飲食習慣存在極大的差異。There are great differences bet

29、ween Chinese and western eating habits.Great differences exist between Chinese and western eating habits. 必須保證每天八小時睡眠。There is eight hours ' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.通常，胡同內有一個大雜院( courtyard )，房間夠 4 到 10 個家庭的差不多 20 口人住。Usually, there is a big courtyard in a hutong, and there are ro

30、oms for 4 to 10 families, about 20 people.With rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇( Peking Opera)是一個具有代表性的劇種。There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera, a representative one.思考：其中？在當今世界上的 190 多個國家中，世界貿易組織的成員國( member country )有 158 個。 T

31、here are more than 190 countries in the world today.There are 158 member countries in the WTO.The WTO has 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.各地歡度春節的習俗和傳統有很大差異， 但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚， 一起吃年夜 飯。There are great differences of customs and traditions about the celebration of the

32、 Chinese New Year from place to place. However, New Year 's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner無主句1. 補主語We must guarantee Eight hours ' sleep every day.2. 變被動Eight hours ' sleep must be guaranteed every day.3. There beThere is Eight hou

33、rs ' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.總結一、修飾后置1. 介詞使用( of/to/in )2. 定語從句3. 插入語或同位語二、多動句1、動詞之間地位相同： V1, V2, , and Vn2、動詞之間有主次之分：找到主動詞，其他用doing 或者 to do3、不知道誰主誰次：用連詞三、無主句1. 補主語We must guarantee eight hours' sleep every day.2. 變被動Eight hours ' sleep must be guaranteed every day.3. Th

34、ere beThere is eight hours ' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.真題演練14 年 12 月六級 1中國將努力確保到 2015 年就業者接受過平均 13.3 年的教育。如果這一目標得以實現，今后 大部分進入勞動力市場的人都須獲得大學文憑。 在未來幾年， 中國將著力增加職業學院的招 生人數： 除了關注高等教育之外， 還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。 中國正在努 力最佳地利用教育資源。 這樣農村和欠發達地區將獲得更多的支持。 教育部還決定改善欠發 達地區學生的營養，并為外來務工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等

35、機會。中國將努力確保到 2015 年就業者接受過平均 13.3 年的教育。如果這一目標得以實現，今后 大部分進入勞動力市場的人都須獲得大學文憑。China will try to make sure that employees receive 13.3 years of education on average by 2015. If the goal is achieved, most people who enter the labor market will have to acquire a college diploma in the future.在未來幾年， 中國將著力增加職業

36、學院的招生人數： 除了關注高等教育之外， 還將尋找新的 突破以確保教育制度更加公平。In the next few years, China will make effort to increase the student enrollments of vocational colleges: apart from focusing on higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to ensure greater fairness of educational system. 中國正在努力最佳地利用教育資源。這樣農村和欠

37、發達地區將獲得更多的支持。China is trying to make the best use of educational resources. In this way, rural and underdeveloped areas will receive more supports.教育部還決定改善欠發達地區學生的營養， 并為外來務工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的 同等機會。Ministry of Education has also determined to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and

38、 provide equal opportunities for children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.復習對于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市擁有一套屬于自己的體面、 舒適的棲身之所的人來說， 高 昂的房價是他們無法承受的負擔。For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that th

39、ey cannot afford.14 年 6 月六級 1 北京計劃未來三年投資 7,600 億元治理污染， 從減少 PM2.5 排放入手。 這一新公布的計劃旨 在減少四種主要污染源，包括 500 多萬輛機動車的尾氣（ exhaust）排放、周邊地區燃煤、 來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。另有 850 億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水 （ sewage）處理設施，加上 300 億元投資未來三年的植樹造林（ forestation ）。市政府還計 劃建造一批水循環利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環境。 另外，北京還將更嚴厲地處罰 違反限排規定的行為。北京計劃未來三年投資 7,600 億元治

40、理污染，從減少 PM2.5 排放入手。Beijing has planned to invest 760 billion yuan to tackle pollution in the coming three years, starting from reducing the PM2.5 emissions. 這一新公布的計劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括 500 多萬輛機動車的尾氣（ exhaust）排 放、周邊地區燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。The newly released plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution sou

41、rces2, including the exhaust emissions from more than 5 million motor vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas, the sandstorms from the North and the local construction dusts.你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已經得到你回信的朋友。Friends who really fall into oblivion, from which guilt is totally absent, are

42、 those who have received my reply.-選自余光中尺素寸心另有 850 億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水（ sewage）處理設施， 加上 300 億元投資未來三年的植樹造林（ forestation ）。Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in

43、the next three years.市政府還計劃建造一批水循環利用工廠， 并制止違章建筑，以改善環境。另外，北京還將更 嚴厲地處罰違反限排規定的行為。The municipal government also plans to set up a group of water recycling factories and stop illegal buildings in order to improve the environment. In addition, Beijing will punish more severely the behaviors that violate t

44、he regulations of emission limitation.14 年 6 月六級 2 中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大媽（ dama）都是老詞，但已獲取了新的意義。土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉村地主， 現在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財富的人。 也就是說， 土豪有錢，但沒有品位。 大媽是對 中年婦女的稱呼， 但現在特指不久前金價下跌時大量購買黃金的中國婦女。 土豪和大媽可能 會被收入新版牛津（ Oxford ）英語詞典。至今已有約 120 個中文詞被加進了牛津英語詞典， 成了英語語言的一部分。中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，

45、有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大媽（ dama）都是老詞，但已獲取了新的意義。Chinese hot words usually reflect social changes and culture, and some of them are becoming increasingly popular in foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they have gained new meanings.土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉村地主， 現在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財

46、富的人。 也就 是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。Tuhao used to mean landlords in the countryside who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to those who spend money without control or those who like to show off their wealth. That is to say, a tuhao owns a lot of money but has no taste.大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但現在特指不久前金價下跌

47、時大量購買黃金的中國婦女。Dama is used to describe middle-aged women, while now it refers specifically to those Chinese ladies who bought gold when gold price fell not long ago.土豪和大媽可能會被收入新版牛津（ Oxford ）英語詞典。至今已有約 120 個中文詞被加進了 牛津英語詞典，成了英語語言的一部分。The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford

48、 English Dictionary. So far, about 120 Chinese words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.其實還有很多 人不犯我，我不犯人。If I am not attacked, I will not attack others.天涯何處無芳草！There is fragrant grass everywhere.She is not the only fish in the ocean.班門弄斧Play with ax

49、e in front of Lu Ban ' s door.Teach a fish to swim.玄德久歷四方，必知當世英雄。You, General, have traveled all lakes and rivers; you must know who are the heroes of the present day.翻譯精講精練 中國新年是中國最重要的傳統節日， 在中國也被稱為春節。 新年的慶祝活動從除夕開始一直 延續到元宵節( the Lantern Festival )，即從農歷( lunar calendar )最后一個月的最后一天至 新年第一個月的第十五天。 各

50、地歡度春節的習俗和傳統有很大差異， 但通常每個家庭都會在 除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅厄運、迎好運，家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。人們還會在門 上粘貼紅色的對聯( couplets)，對聯的主題為健康、發財和好運。其他的活動還有放鞭炮、 發紅包和探親訪友等。中國新年是中國最重要的傳統節日，在中國也被稱為春節。Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday, which, in China, is also known as the Spring Festival.新年的慶祝活動從除夕開始一直延續到元宵節(the

51、Lantern Festival )，即從農歷( lunarcalendar)最后一個月的最后一天至新年第一個月的第十五天。New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year ' s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. 各地歡度春節的習俗和傳統有很大差異， 但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚， 一起吃年夜飯。 Customs and traditi

52、ons concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year 's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner 為驅厄運、 迎好運， 家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。 人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯 (couplets)， 對聯的主題為健康、發財和好運。It is also traditional for every

53、family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.其他的活動還有放鞭炮、發紅包和探親訪友等。Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visitin

54、g relatives and friends.中國人自古以來就在中秋時節慶祝豐收。 這與北美地區慶祝感恩節的習俗十分相似。 過中秋 節的習俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。 中秋節在農歷八月十五， 是人們拜月的節日。 這 天夜晚皓月當空， 人們合家團聚， 共賞明月。 2006 年，中秋節被列為中國的文化遺產， 2008 年又被定為公共假日。 月餅被視為中秋節不可或缺的美食。 人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或 在家庭聚會上享用。傳統的月餅上帶有“壽” (longevity) 、“福”或“和”等字樣。中國人自古以來就在中秋時節慶祝豐收。這與北美地區慶祝感恩節的習俗十分相似。Since ancient

55、times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. 過中秋節的習俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.中秋節在農歷八月十五， 是人們拜月的節日。 這天夜晚皓月當空， 人們合家團聚， 共賞明月。 The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On thisday, under the dazzlingbr