被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)熱度★★★★★內(nèi)容索引內(nèi)容索引命題趨勢動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是中考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的語法項(xiàng)目之一。考題多以具體的語境為主，體現(xiàn)了對語法知識、語境理解、語言交際能力的綜合考查。知識導(dǎo)圖被動(dòng)語態(tài)知識鏈接（一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型；（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式；（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法；（四）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)；（五）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)2：主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義小試牛刀2022年各地模擬20題直擊中考2022年各地中考20題知識導(dǎo)圖知識導(dǎo)圖知識知識鏈接知識點(diǎn)01被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型【語法詳解】句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點(diǎn)來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?【即學(xué)即練】SpudWebb________atfirstbecauseofhisheight,buthedidn’tloseheart.A．refuses B．refused C．wasrefused D．willberefused知識點(diǎn)02被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式【語法詳解】時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。Thesebooksaredesignedforchildren.這些書是為孩子們設(shè)計(jì)的。一般過去時(shí)主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語寫的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時(shí)主語+willbe+過去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因?yàn)槲业能囌谛蘩恚晕也坏貌蛔鲎廛嚾ド习唷＿^去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個(gè)個(gè)大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過那個(gè)村莊時(shí)，道路正在加寬。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語+have/hasbeen+過去分詞+其他HehasbeensenttoworkinShanghai.他已經(jīng)被派往上海工作了。HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時(shí)主語+hadbeen+過去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時(shí)，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會(huì)變成蒸氣。【即學(xué)即練】—Susan,whyareyouintheclassroom?Allyourclassmatesareonthebus.—I’msorry,butI________whattimetogetonthebus.A．a(chǎn)mnottell B．didn’ttell C．haven’ttold D．wasn’ttold知識點(diǎn)03被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法【語法詳解】用法例句不知道或者不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Howisthiswordpronounced?這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.這本書是2005年出版的。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我們村將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時(shí)Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.喬要做這個(gè)報(bào)告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個(gè)城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.據(jù)報(bào)道，他是來自新西蘭的一位教授。【即學(xué)即練】Amy________totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A．invites B．isinvited C．wasinvited D．hasinvited知識點(diǎn)04主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)【語法詳解】說明例句含有單個(gè)賓語的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，并依據(jù)上表（被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式）謂語改為被動(dòng)形式；如果需要說明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則需加上＂by+主動(dòng)句的主語（人稱代詞賓格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報(bào)告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語+間接賓語+直接賓語＂：當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時(shí)，可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個(gè)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語，而另一個(gè)保持不動(dòng)。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)保持不動(dòng)(成為主語補(bǔ)足語，簡稱主補(bǔ))。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我們叫他李華。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他們把房間刷成了白色。【易錯(cuò)警示】感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要在動(dòng)詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.剛才他們看見她進(jìn)入了會(huì)議室。含有動(dòng)詞短語（作謂語）的主動(dòng)句：謂語為及物動(dòng)詞短語的主動(dòng)句方可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機(jī)會(huì)。【易錯(cuò)警示】動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把它們看作一個(gè)整體變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉。【即學(xué)即練】WewillholdameetingnextTuesdayat3p.m.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Ameetingwill________________nextTuesdayat3p.m.知識點(diǎn)05主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義【語法詳解】情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的連系動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂聽起來不錯(cuò)。Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。【知識拓展】常見的被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的詞組：beseated坐著，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著【即學(xué)即練】—Theoranges________sweet.—Ofcourse.TheyarefromYongxing,Chenzhou.A．taste B．eat C．drink D．smell考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)01主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換Theguarddidn’tallowustoenterthetheatre.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）We________________toenterthetheatre.【作法】第一步-對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：這個(gè)警衛(wèi)不允許我們進(jìn)入劇院。第二步-變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，原句是一般過去時(shí)，因此被動(dòng)語態(tài)也是一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredone。主語是We，因此be動(dòng)詞用were，否定為weren’t；allow的過去分詞是allowed。故填weren’t；allowed。【結(jié)論】主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換（1）句式“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”的轉(zhuǎn)換。含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，有兩種方式：可將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，直接賓語不變。Mygrandmagavemeapresentyesterday.→Iwasgivenapresentbymygrandmayesterday.也可以將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，這時(shí)，應(yīng)在間接賓語前加介詞，如：to、for等。Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.→Anewcomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.（2）句式“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的轉(zhuǎn)換。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，可將其賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語留在原處作主語的補(bǔ)足語。Themanpaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenbythemanyesterday.（3）含有感官動(dòng)詞see、hear、watch、feel、notice等以及后面跟不帶to的不定式的使役動(dòng)詞make、let、have等的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。Thebossmakesthemworktwelvehoursaday.→Theyaremadetoworktwelvehoursadaybytheboss。（4）含有短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，不能把動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞分開，也不能遺漏動(dòng)詞后的介詞和副詞。Icantakegoodcareofthedog.→Thedogcanbetakengoodcareofbyme.【典例秒殺】Mr.Wanghaschosentenmorepeopleasthenewfootballteammembers.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Tenmorepeople________________chosenasthenewfootballteammembers.Somereportersinterviewedgovernmentofficialontrafficproblemsyesterday.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Agovernmentofficial________________ontrafficproblemsbysomereportersyesterday.Wemusttakegoodcareoftheoldpeopleinourcountry.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Theoldpeoplemust________________goodcareofinourcountry.MumasksmetopreparebreakfastafterIgetup.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Iamasked________breakfastafterIgetup.考點(diǎn)02主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況

Thiskindofcomputer________lastyear.Butthesaleshavedroppedalotbecauseofthenewestmodel.A．soldwell B．weresoldwell C．sellwell D．a(chǎn)resoldwell【作法】第一步-對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：這種電腦去年賣得很好，但是因?yàn)樾驴畹某霈F(xiàn)，銷售額已經(jīng)下降了很多。第二步-考查主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)和一般過去時(shí)的用法。根據(jù)“l(fā)astyear”可知，本句是一般過去時(shí)，可排除CD選項(xiàng)；sellwell意為“暢銷，賣得好”，其中sell為不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)形式。故選A。【結(jié)論】主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況（1）連系動(dòng)詞如smell、taste、feel、sound等，可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thewatersmellsfunny.水味道怪怪的。（2）表示主語特征、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如wash、write、sell、read、open、cut、keep、lock、clean等，可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗。Thiskindofcarsellswell.這種汽車賣得好。（3）表示開始、結(jié)束類的動(dòng)詞如start、begin、close、finish、stop、end等，可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Inthethirdyear,studentsbeginthestudyofclassicalChinese.學(xué)生在三年級開始學(xué)習(xí)古代漢語。（4）在表示“需要”意義的need、want、require等詞的后面加動(dòng)名詞，是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thisdeskneedsrepairing（=toberepaired）.這張課桌需要修理。Yourcoatneedswashing（=tobewashed）.你的大衣需要洗一下。（5）形容詞worth后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thesebooksareworthreading.這些書值得一讀。Themuseumisworthvisiting.那個(gè)博物館值得參觀。【典例秒殺】Thispairofboots________leather,andit________verycomfortable.A．ismadeof;feelsB．ismadefrom;isfeltC．ismadeof;isfeltD．ismadefrom;feelsCourseslikecooking,tidyingarewellworth________.Theycanhelpusliveabetterlife.A．learned B．tolearn C．learning—Iamweakinreading.Everytime,Ialwaysmakesomemistakeswithreadingquestions.—Iknow.ButIthinkthereadingmethodsyouareusedto________.A．needimproving B．needingtoimprove C．needtoimproveSomething________ifwehavethepartynextweek.A．happens B．ishappened C．willhappen D．willbehappened小試牛刀小試牛刀1．（2022·遼寧·鐵嶺縣蓮花第一初級中學(xué)一模）The24thWinterOlympicGames________inBeijinginFebruary,2022.Itsmotto（口號）was“TogetherforaSharedFuture”.A．isheld B．holds C．washeld D．willbeheld2．（2022·廣西貴港·二模）—Howdoesyourfatherhelpyouinyourlife?—Whenthingsaren’tgoingwell,I________nottogiveupbyhim.A．encourage B．encouraged C．a(chǎn)mencouraged D．willencourage3．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測）Thethree-childpolicy_________tofightthedropinthenation’sbirthrateandthechallengeofarapidlyagingpopulationlastMay.A．introduces B．isintroduced C．introduced D．wasintroduced4．（2022·江蘇宿遷·三模）Nowmoreandmorepeople________todovoluntaryworkfortheircommunities.A．haveencouraged B．a(chǎn)reencouraging C．wereencouraged D．a(chǎn)reencouraged5．（2022·遼寧遼陽·一模）—Yourroomisreallytidyandclean.—Thankyou!It________anhourago.A．cleaned B．willclean C．iscleaned D．wascleaned6．（2022·江蘇·蘇州市金閶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校一模）Theproblemisalittlebitcomplicated(復(fù)雜的).Itneeds________again.A．discussed B．discussing C．discuss D．todiscuss7．（2022·河北·育華中學(xué)一模）The16thProvincialGamesofHebei__________inHandan.Ican’twait!A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld8．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古興安盟·一模）Whatanicegarden!It________everyday!A．iscleaning B．hascleaned C．mustclean D．iscleaned9．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測）Thelightintheroom________beforeyouleave.A．mustturnoff B．willturnoff C．mustbeturnedoff10．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測）GuAiling________inbothChinaandmanyothercountriesbecauseofheramazingskiingskills.A．remembers B．isremembered C．isremembering D．remembered11．（2022·山東·無棣縣教育科學(xué)研究中心二模）—Claudia,areyougoingtoJeff’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday?—UnlessI________.A．invited B．willbeinvited C．wasinviting D．a(chǎn)minvited12．（2022·遼寧·盤山縣教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校二模）I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthetaskontimebecauseI__only30minutes.A．give B．gave C．a(chǎn)mgiven D．willbegiven13．（2022·四川達(dá)州·模擬預(yù)測）—Thismathproblem________inhalfanhour.—Don’tworry.Mr.Wangisgoodatmath.Hecanmakeit.A．isworkingout B．wouldworkout C．hasworkedout D．shouldbeworkedout14．（2022·重慶開州·一模）Jennythinksthattheteenagers_______tochoosetheirownclothes.A．a(chǎn)llow B．a(chǎn)llowed C．a(chǎn)reallowing D．shouldbeallowed15．（2022·山東·青島三十九中二模）Thewordsthatweshouldpayattentionto________ontheblackboard.A．beingwritten B．a(chǎn)rewritten C．iswriting D．bewritten16．（2022·山東·陽信縣教育科學(xué)研究中心一模）—Traintickets________online.Itisconvenient.—Yes,youcantakethetrainwithyourIDcard.A．sold B．weresold C．a(chǎn)resold D．havesold17．（2022·湖北武漢·三模）DuringtheTangDynastynearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．mustbefound D．couldbefound18．（2022·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測）Nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’anduringtheTangDynasty（朝代）.A．isfound B．werefound C．havebeenfound D．couldbefound19．（2022·廣西·柳城縣教育局教研室一模）Theoldman_________after.A．needslooking B．needtolook C．needslook20．（2022·安徽·一模）ThesenovelswrittenbyLuXunarereallyworth________.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading直擊中考直擊中考21．（2022·黑龍江·中考真題）IamhappyI________tobethemonitorofourclassbymyclassmates.A．choose B．chose C．waschosen22．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）TheForbiddenCity(紫禁城),thelargestpalaceintheworld,________morethan600yearsago.A．built B．werebuilt C．wasbuiltup D．wasbuilding23．（2022·海南·中考真題）Fewstudentscouldunderstandthesentenceuntilit________byMissChen.A．explained B．wasexplained C．wasexplaining24．（2022·廣西賀州·中考真題）Aftertheboy’shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A．finished B．finishes C．wasfinished D．isfinished25．（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,_____inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A．setup B．wassetup C．tookup D．wastakenup26．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—TheLawonFamilyEducationPromotion(家庭教育促進(jìn)法)_________onOct.23,2021.—Yeah!Itcameintoeffect(生效)onJan.1,2022.A．passes B．waspassed C．passed D．pass27．（2022·福建·中考真題）Lastmonth,thelittlegirl________wellenoughbytheneighborswhileherparentswerevolunteering.A．iscaredfor B．wascaredfor C．willbecaredfor28．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）TheYouthSportsCenteronZixiaoRoad________lastyear.A．built B．wasbuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilding29．（2022·湖南岳陽·中考真題）TheCommunistPartyofChina’s20thNationalCongress(中共二十大)_______inautumnthisyear.A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld30．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivityl