LearningAboutLanguage(2)Discoveringusefulstructures1.Revisethestructureofrelativeclause.2.Focusonferaturesofnon-restrictiveclause.3.Freelyusenon-restrictiverelativeclausetoexress.LearningObjectivesLearningObjectives1.Watchthevideotolistthestructureswithrelativeclause.Revisionthedayswehadthesongswesangtogethertheonewhosetituptheonewho’sfeelinglostrightnoweverylittlethingyousaidthefirstdaywhenIsawyourfacethewomanyoudreamedaboutthegirltheoneIletgetawaytheonewhotakesyouhomesomethingIcanturntosomebodyIcankiss2.Asummaryforthestructureofrelativeclause定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。Maryisthegirl

whohaslonghair.定語從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞（1）定語從句有關(guān)概念定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語,賓語)whom(賓語)that(主語,賓語)whose(定語)as(主語,賓語,表語)which(主語,賓語)that(主語,賓語)whose(定語)as(主語,賓語,表語)where(地點狀語)when(時間狀語)why(原因狀語)（2）定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞Readthefollowingsentencesandunderlinetherelativeclauses.Thennamethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.RestrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveFurtherlearning1.Acomparisonbetweenrestrictiveandnon-restrictive

relativeclause.2.Somekeypointsofusingnon-restrictive

relativeclause.1.非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號隔開，是對先行詞的附加說明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。2.非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可為單個的名詞或代詞，也可為整個句子或其中一部分，且常譯成與主句并列的句子。3.關(guān)系代詞which指物，在從句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語或表語；who/whom指人，who在從句中作主語，而whom在從句中作賓語；as指代整個主句，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中作定語。4.關(guān)系副詞when指代時間，在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，可與“介詞+which”互換；where指代地點，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，可與“介詞+which”互換。指代原因時不用why引導(dǎo)，用forwhich代替why。Thattheywillgetmarried,whichhasnotbeenannounced,

hasspreadaround.他們要結(jié)婚的消息還沒有宣布，卻已經(jīng)被傳得沸沸揚揚。Heoftencomestoschoollate,

whichmakeshis

teacherangry.(關(guān)系詞指代整個主句的內(nèi)容)他經(jīng)常上課遲到，這使得他的老師很生氣。MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,was

quicklytakentohospital.金先生的腿受了重傷，他很快就被送去醫(yī)院了。WewillputofftheoutinguntilnextSunday,

when/onwhichwewon'tbesobusy.我們把郊游推遲到下個星期天，那時我們就不會那么忙了。3.Differencebetween“as”and“which”inasentence.項目aswhich指代引導(dǎo)從句只能指代整個主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)從句既可指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代主句的一部分位置引導(dǎo)從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后引導(dǎo)從句只能位于主句之后意義正如；正像這一點；這件事功能連接上下文，表達說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句asisknowntoallasyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase眾所周知正如你所知道的那樣正如所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所期待的正如上面所提到的正如報道/所說的那樣正如一句諺語所說/俗話說正如指出的正如你所看見的情況通常如此as引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常意為“正如”。可出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、句末。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：Practice1.Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclause.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently?1Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.2.Workingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausetogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmember.EXAMPLEI’dliketotry…,…I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2Whatimpressedmemost…,…3Myfavouritescientistis…,…IwouldliketotravelaroundSichuanProvince,whereJiuzhaigoulocates.Whatimpressedmemostaboutthefilmwastheending,whichwasquitemoving.MyfavouritescientistisNikolaTesla,whowasquitebrilliantbutalsohadsomecrazyideas.4Finallywearrivedat…,…5Mygrandparentslike…,…6Iwishtoobtain…,…7Mybestfriend…,…Finallywearrivedatthezoo,whichwasclosedforrepairs.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whichisgoodfortheirhealth.Iwishtoobtainadrivinglicence,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttodriveacar.Mybestfriendcametovisitlastweek,whichwasthefirsttimeIhadseenhiminyears.1．Just___theoldsayinggoes,“Eachcoinhastwosides.”2．MrSmith，______nativelanguageisEnglish,canspeakChinesefluently.3．WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.4．Shehasbeenabsentagain,______isexpected.5．China,______wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.6．LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,______aconferencewastobeheld.7．This