專四模擬試題附參考答案(3)3PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TextAAtwenty-year-oldimmigrant，LeviStrauss，cametotheUnitedStatesin1850toseekhisfortuneinthegoldfields.Butstrangelyenough，thismanmadehisfortuneonheavycanvasthathefoundsuitableforworkingclothes.Strauss'sjeanswereparticularlygoodforprospectorsandcowboys.Intheearlydaysofjeans，thismancouldn'thaveguessedthathispants，madeonlyforroughwork，wouldbecomesopopularatalllevelsofsociety.Yes，thisisafact：jeanshavebecomefashionableinoursociety.Furthermore，thesepantshavecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitude.Inthelastdecadeortwowehaveseenmovementstowardequalityaswellasdefianceofauthority.Jeans，nowwornbyeverybody，canbesaidtosymbolizethesechangesforthebetter.Inthepast，onlymenworejeans，andthesemenwereatthebottom—sociallyandeconomically.Jeanswerewornbytruckdrivers，farmandfactoryworkers.Today，jeansnolongerarelookeddownupon.Theyarewornbybothmenandwomen，bybothskilledandunskilledworkers，bybothemployeesandemployers.Thiscommonwayofdressingsymbolizesrespectforindividuality，nomatterwhatyouroccupationorsex.Inthefightagainstauthority，youngpeoplehavebeentheleaders.Soitisnaturalthatteenagerswoulddefyparentsandschooladministratorsovertherighttowearjeanstoclassandwin.Jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchers，fansatrockiesreturningtonatureandseriouscollegestudents.Becauseeveryonecanbecomfortableinthem，thebluejeansinventedfortheuseofworkersarenowacceptedalmostanywhere，anytime.ThisistruenotonlyintheUnitedStates，butinmanyothercountriesintheworld.Istronglyagreewiththefollowingobearoundforalongtimetocome.Alreadytheyhavesucceededwherestatesmanshiphasfailed.Althoughunabletospeakthesamelanguage，theinhabitantsofthisembattledplanethaveatleastagreedtowearthesamepants.”eviStraussA.havebecomeasymbolofthefashionableclassB.havecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitudeC.aresuitablewearforroughworkonlyD.arenolongersopopularastheyusedtobe82.Whatisimpliedbutnotdirectlystatedinthepassageisthat.A.youngpeoplehavebeentheleadersinthefightagainstauthorityB.today，jeansarenolongerlookeddownuponC.jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchersD.formerlystudentswerenotallowedtowearjeanstoclass83.Theauthorisoftheopinionthat.A.jeansarelikelytobeashort-livedfashionB.jeansarepopularonlyintheUnitedStatesC.jeansarelikelytobepopularforalongtimetocomeD.jeansarenolongerfashionable84.Thelasttwosentencesimplythat.A.statesmenintheworldarelesscompetentthanjeansB.theinhabitantsoftheworldshouldspeakthesamelanguageC.statesmenhavefailedtoreachagreementonmanymajorissuesoftheworldD.jeanswillhelpstatesmentoreachagreementonsomeworldissuesTextBStudiesofchildren’sacquisitionoflanguagesuggestthatthefacultyoflanguageincludesaninbornknowledgeoftheformalprinciplesoflanguagestructure，aknowledgethatdependsongenericallydeterminedportionsof(usually)thatleftcerebral(大腦的)hemisphere.Althoughitiswellestablishedthatthelefthemisphereisspecializedforlanguage，onecannotsaythatlanguageis“located”inthisorthatpartofthehemisphere.Whatisknownisthatlanguagediscordersaretheresultsoflesions(損傷)inthelefthemisphere.Disordersoflanguageresultingfromdamagetothebrainarecalledaphasias(失語癥).Theanterior(前面的)portionofthe“languagearea”istermedBroca’sarea.Lesionsinthisareainterferewiththemotor(運動原)andarticulatoryaspectsoflanguage.Speechisslow，labored，grammaticallyincorrect，andtelegraphic；inextremecases，itmaybeimpossibletocarryout.Writingislikewiseseverelyimpaired.Comprehensionofthespokenorwrittenword，however，maybeunimpairedornearlyso.(Itisinterestingtonotethatunderemotionalstress，apatientwithBroca’saphasiamaybetemporarilyfluent.)BecauseBroca’sareaisclosetothemotorcortex(腦皮層)，iftheformerisdamaged，thelatterisoftendamagedsimultaneously.Hence，suchpatientsoftensufferformweaknessorparalysisoftherightsideofthebody.Similarlesionsintherighthemispherewillcausealeft－sidedweaknessofparalysisbutwillhavenoeffectonlanguage.Damagetotheposterior(后面的)portionofthe“languagearea，”especiallytoWernick’sarea，resultsinalossofcomprehensionofthespokenwordandoftenofthewrittenword.Thepatient’snativelanguageisnowlikeaforeignlanguage.Inaddition，thepatient’sspeechisrapidandwell－articulated，butwithoutmeaning.Writingisdefective，andwordsthatareheardcannotberepeated，althoughhearingitselfiscompletelynormal.Similarlesionsintherighthemisphereusuallyhavenoeffectonlanguage.Injuriestothe“languagearea”inchildrenresultinsevereaphasias，butthedevelopmentoflanguagemechanismintherighthemispherecanoftencompensateforthemtoanextraordinarydegree.Thispotentialfunctionoftherighthemisphereisprobablynormallysuppressedbythelefthemisphere.Inadults，aphasiasfromsimilarlesionsareoftenpermanent.85.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.describingtheprocessoflanguageacquisitionB.explainingpotentialtreatmentoflanguagedefectsC.showingtheimportanceofthelefthemisphereofthebraintolanguagemechanismsD.depictingvariousmeansofdiagnosinglanguagedefects86.UnlikeapatientwithWernicke’saphasia，apatientwithBroca’saphasiacan.A.comprehendwrittenbutnotspokenlanguageB.hearandreadwithcomprehensionC.speakarticulatelyandalsocomprehendspokenlanguageD.writeandspeakreadilyandcoherently87.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherighthemisphereofthebrainisaccurate？A.Ithasthepotentialtoserveasa“languagearea”.B.ItcontrolstheabilitytocomprehendbutnottheabilitytospeakalanguageC.Ifi