《會計英語》復習資料二、單項選擇(紅字為正確答案)：Financialreportsareusedbyd.alloftheaboveForaccountingpurposes,thebusinessentityshouldbeconsideredseparatefromitsownersiftheentityis()d.alloftheaboveWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesaccounting?b.isaninformationsystemthatprovidesreportstostakeholdersUsingaccrualaccounting,expensesarerecordedandreportedonlya.whentheyareincurred,whetherornotcashispaidThemeasurementbasesexclude()c.SalepriceDebtsowedbyabusinessarereferredtoas( )d.liabilitiesWhichofthefollowingfinancialstatementsreportsinformationasofaspecificdate?balancesheetCashinvestmentsmadebytheownertothebusinessarereportedonthestatementofcashflowsinthea.financingactivitiessectionTheaccountingequationmaybeexpressedasd.Assets-Liabilities=Owner,sEquityWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?a.revenues,liabilities,capitalWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormaldebitbalance?d.assets,expensesWhichofthefollowingtypesofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?c.revenuesandliabilitiesIntheaccountingcycle,thelaststepis( )a.preparingapost-closingtrialbalanceWhichofthefollowingshouldnotbeconsideredcashbyanaccountant?c.postagestampsAbankreconciliationshouldbepreparedperiodicallybecause()1/20c.anydifferencesbetweenthedepositor,srecordsandthebank,srecordsshouldbedetermined,andanyerrorsmadebyeitherpartyshouldbediscoveredandcorrectedTheamountoftheoutstandingchecksisincludedonthebankreconciliationasa(n)()c.deductionfromthebalanceperbankstatementTheassetcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesasaleonaccountistermedc.accountsreceivableWhatisthetypeofaccountandnormalbalanceofAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts?a.Contraasset,creditTheterm"inventory"indicates( )d.bothAandBMerchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearwasunderstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?netincomeisunderstated20.Merchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearisoverstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?owner,sequityisoverstatedTheinventorymethodthatassignsthemostrecentcoststocostofgoodsoldisb.LIFOUnderwhichmethodofcostflowsistheinventoryassumedtobecomposedofthemostrecentcosts?b.first-in,first-outWhentheperpetualinventorysystemisused,theinventorysoldisdebitedto()b.costofmerchandisesoldAllofthefollowingbelowareneededforthecalculationofdepreciationexceptd.bookvalueAcharacteristicofafixedassetisthatitisb.usedintheoperationsofabusinessAccumulatedDepreciation()c.isacontraassetaccountThetwomethodsofaccountingforinvestmentsinstockarethecostmethodandthe()b.equitymethodAcapitalexpenditureresultsinadebitto( )d.anassetaccountCurrentliabilitiesare()d.dueandpayablewithinoneyearThedebtcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesapurchaseonaccountisreferredtoasanb.accountpayableNotesmaybeissued()d.alloftheaboveThecostofaproductwarrantyshouldbeincludedasanexpenseinthe2/20periodofthesaleoftheproductIfthemarketrateofinterestis8%,thepriceof6%bondspayinginterestsemiannuallywithafacevalueof$100,000willbec.Lessthan$100,000Theinterestratespecifiedinthebondindentureiscalledthe( )b.contractrateWhenthecorporationissuingthebondshastherighttorepurchasethebondspriortothematuritydateforaspecificprice,thebondsarecallablebondsWhenthemarketrateofinterestonbondsishigherthanthecontractrate,thebondswillsellatd.adiscountOnepotentialadvantageoffinancingcorporationsthroughtheuseofbondsratherthancommonstockisc.theinterestexpenseisdeductiblefortaxpurposesbythecorporationCharacteristicsofacorporationinclude( )d.shareholderswhohavelimitedliabilityStockholders,equity()c.includesretainedearningsandpaid-incapitalTheexcessofissuepriceoverparofcommonstockistermeda(n)()d.premiumCashdividendsareusuallynotpaidonwhichofthefollowing?c.treasurystockWhichofthefollowingaccountsbelowisreportedinthepaid-incapital/stockholders,equitysectionofthecorporatebalancesheet?d.PreferredStockIfpreferredstockhasdividendsinarrears,thepreferredstockmustbed.convertibleTheprimarypurposeofastocksplitistob.reducethemarketpriceofthestockpershareWhichstatementbelowisnotareasonforacorporationtobuybackitsownstock.d.toincreasethesharesoutstandingTheliabilityforadividendisrecordedonwhichofthefollowingdates?d.thedateofdeclarationIncredittermsof2/10,n/30,the"2"representsthed.percentofthecashdiscountRevenueshouldberecognizedwhen()b.theserviceisperformed3/20Theabilityofabusinesstopayitsdebtsastheycomedueandtoearnareasonableamountofincomeisreferredtoas()b.solvencyandprofitabilityWhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthecomputationofthequickratio?a.inventory四、問答題：Differentiatebetweenfinancialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.財務會計與管理會計的區別。FinancialaccountingLsprimarilyconcernedwiththerecordingandreportingofeconomicdataandactivitiesforabusiness.Managementaccountingusesbothfinancialaccountingandestimateddatatoaidmanagementinrunningday-to-dayoperationsandinplanningfutureoperations..Theobjectiveoffinancialreporting財務報告的目標。參考答案：Overallobjective(總體目標)videinformationaboutthefinancialposition,performanceandchangesinfinancialpositionofanentitythatisusefultoawiderangeofusersinmakingeconomicdecisions；(向使用者提供有關企業財務狀況、經營成果和財務狀況變動情況的信息，以利于其作出經濟決策。)showtheresultsofthestewardshipofmanagement,ortheaccountabilityofmanagementfortheresourcesentrustedtoit.(反映管理當局受托責任的履行結果，或管理當局受托管理資源的責任。)Whataretherecognitionandmeasurementprinciples?財務報表要素的確認與計量原則。參考答案：Recognitionistheprocessofincorporatinginthebalancesheetorincomestatementanitemthatmeetthedefinitionofanelementandsatisfiestherecognitioncriteria.RecognitionCriteria確認標準：a.TheProbabilityofFutureEconomicBenefit未來經濟利益流入的可能性MeasurementReliably計量的可靠性Measurementistheprocessofdeterminingthemonetaryamountsatwhichtheelementsoffinancialstatementsaretoberecognizedandcarriedinthebalancesheetorincomestatement.MeasurementBases計量基礎：Historicalcost.歷史成本Currentcost現行成本Realizable(settlement)value可實現(清算)價值Presentvalue現值Differentiatebetweentheaccrualbasisandthecashbasis.應計制與現金制的區別。參考答案：Undertheaccrualbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichtheyareearned.4/20Underthecashbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesandexpensesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichcashisreceivedorpaid.Whatisthedouble-entrysystem?簡述復式記賬法的含義參考答案：Asystemofrecordingtransactionsinawaythatmaintainstheequalityoftheaccountingequation.Thefundamentalruleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatdebitsmustequalcredits.Foreverytransaction,theremustbeatleastonedebitandonecredit.Debitsmustalwaysequalcreditsforeachtransaction.Debitsarealwaysenteredontheleftsideofanaccountandcreditsarealwaysenteredontherightside.Whatarethemajortypesofadjustingentries?調整分錄的種類參考答案：Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccrualsPrepaymentsfallintotwocategories:PrepaidexpenseDeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)AccrualsfallintotwocategoriesAccruedexpensesAccruedrevenues★考核知識點:調整分錄P72附4.10參考課件第4章Companiesareonacalendarorfiscalyearandbusinesstransactionscancutacrosstwoyears.Therefore,adjustingentriesareneededtoensurethattherevenuerecognitionandmatchingprinciplesarefollowed.Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccrualsPrepaymentsfallintotwocategories:Prepaidexpensesexpenseshavebeenpaidincashandarerecordedasassetsuntiltheyareusedorconsumed.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)：Revenuesreceivedincashandrecordedasliabilitiesbeforetheyareearned.AccrualsfallintotwocategoriesAccruedexpensesareexpensesthathavebeenincurredbutnotyetpaidincashandthereisnooriginalentry.Accruedrevenuesarerevenuesthathavebeenearnedbutnotyetreceivedincash.Describethebasicstepsoftheaccountingcycle.簡述會計循環的步驟。參考答案：Theaccountingcycle(oraccountingprocess)includesstandardizedproceduresthatareperformedinsequenceduringeveryperiod.(會計循環，或稱為會計程序，是在每個會計期間按照一定順序處理業務的一套規范化的程序)Itiscalledcyclebecausethestepsrepeatedeachaccountingperiod.Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinthejournal..Transactionsarepostedtotheledger.Atrialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataareassembled,andanoptionalworksheetiscompleted.5/20Financialstatementsareprepared.Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Closingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Apost-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.Whataretheadvantagesoftheallowancemethodforuncollectibleaccounts?應收賬款壞賬備抵法的優點。★考核知識點:應收賬款壞賬處理P212-217附4.12參考課件第5章Managementmakesanestimateeachyearoftheportionofaccountsreceivablethatmaynotbecollectible.UncollectibleAccountsExpense(BadDebts)isdebitedandAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsiscredited.ActualaccountsthatprovetobeuncollectiblearedebitedtAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountandcreditedtoAccountsReceivableThismethodisconsistentwiththematchingprinciple.Theaccountsreceivablestateatnetrealizablevalueatendoftheaccountingperiod.Describethecharacteristicsoftheperiodicinventorysystemandtheperpetualinventorysystem.存貨的兩種盤存制度的特點。參考答案：Acompanyusingaperpetualsystemmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesinitsinventory.Acompanyusingaperiodicsystemdoesnotmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesonhand.Inaperiodicinventorysystem,whenanitemissold,theonlyjournalentryrecordedistoreflectthesaleofthemerchandiseCostofgoodssoldisrecordedonlyaftertheendinginventoryhasbeencountedandvaluedattheendoftheperiod.Withaperpetualinventorysystem,continuallyupdatedrecordsaremaintainedforinventoryitems.Suchtrackingisreadilyenabledthroughadvancesintechnology.Asaresult,twojournalentriesaremadewhenasaleoccurs.Whatarethefinancialstatementseffectsofinventorymethods?存貨計價方法對報表有何影響？(以先進先出法、后進先出法和平均成本法為例)IncomeStatementEffects：Inperiodsofincreasingprices,FIFOreportsthehighestnetincome,LIFOthelowestnetincome,andaveragecostfallsinthemiddle.Inperiodsofdecreasingprices,theconverseistrue:FIFOwillreportthelowestnetincome,LIFOthehighest,withaveragecostinthemiddle.BalanceSheetEffects：Inaperiodofinflation,thecostsallocatedtoendinginventoryusingFIFOwillapproximatecurrentcosts.Thus,themarkettobookvalueoftheinventoryshouldapproximate1.0.Conversely,duringaperiodofincreasingprices,thecostsallocatedtotheendinginventoryusingLIFOwillbesignificantlyunderstated.Thus,themarkettobookratiowillbegreaterthan1.0.Whataretheclassificationsandobjectivesofinvestmentinsecurities?簡述證券投資的類型和目的。參考答案：ClassificationsofInvestments: Tradingsecurities；Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities；Available-for-salesecurities6/20ObjectivesofInvestmentinSecurities：TemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrol★考核知識點:存貨計價方法P237-244附4.15參考課件第6章Marketablesecurities-Stocks,bondsandotherfinancialinstrumentsthatorganizationsholdinlieuofcash.Thesearealsoreferredtointhefinancialstatementsasshort-terminvestmentsTwoTypesofMarketablesecurities:Debtsecurities-Thesearebondsissuedbycorporationsorgovernmentthathavematurityvalue,interestrateandmaturitydate.Equitysecurities-Theseareanysecurities,suchascommonsharesthatrepresentownershipinacompany.ClassificationsofInvestmentsinEquityandDebtSecurities：Tradingsecurities:Investmentsatfairvaluethroughprofitorloss;heldfortrading,ordesignatedtobe'atfairvaluethroughprofitorloss'Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities:financialassetswithfixedordeterminablepayments;fixedmaturity;positiveintentandabilitytoholdtomaturityAvailable-for-salesecurities:remainingfinancialassets;donotfallintoanyofthetwocategoriesaboveObjectivesofInvestmentinSecuritiesTemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrolDescribethereasonsforholdingmarketablesecurities.簡述企業進行短期有價證券投資的原因★考核知識點:短期投資P361附4.16參考課件第6章Therearemanyreasonswhyacompanymaywanttobuydebtorequitysecuritiesfromanothercompany.Forexample,CompanyAmaypurchasethedebtofCompanyBbecause,CompanyB'sdebtispayingagoodinterestrate.,ThedebtmayhaveamaturitydatethatmatchesCompanyA'sneedforcash.,Thedebtmaybesellingforlessthanfacevalue,andCompanyAthinksthatitcansellthedebtlateratagain.Investmentsindebtandequitysecuritiescanbeclassifiedonthestatementoffinancialpositionaseithercurrentornon-currentassets.Onereasonforholdingshortterminvestmentsrelatestothecontrolofcash.Theamountofcashheldbyanentityshouldbecarefullyregulatedsothatthereisneithertoomuchnortoolittleavailableatanytime.Ifthereistoolittlecashonhqndhefirmwillnotbeabletomeetdailyorperiodiccashrequirements;ifthereistoomuchcashonhandaportionoftheentity'sassetsareunproductive.Therefore,managementwilltrytokeepjustenoughcashonhandatanyonetimetomeetdailyrequirements,plusacushionforemergencies.Cashinexcessofthedailyminimumshouldbeinvestedinincome-producingopportunities,suchasthedebtandequitysecuritiesofothercompanies.7/20Describethecharacteristicsofproperty,plantandequipment.簡述固定資產的特點。Property,plant,andequipmentisdefinedastangibleassetsthatareheldforuseinproductionorsupplyofgoodsandservices,forrentalstoothers,orforadministrativepurposes;theyareexpectedtobeusedduringmorethanoneperiod.Includes:Land,Buildingstructures(offices,factories,warehouses),andEquipment(machinery,furniture,tools).Thecharacteristics：“Usedinoperations”andnotforresale.Long-terminnatureandusuallydepreciated.Possessphysicalsubstance.Describethebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethods.什么是加速折舊法？其優點有哪些？參考答案：Acceleratedmethodsofdepreciationresultinmoredepreciationintheearlyyearsofanasset'slifeandlessdepreciationinthelateryearsofanasset,slifethandoesthestraight-lineapproach.Thebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethodsare:Decreasingdepreciationchargesarematchedagainstincreasingrepairandmaintenancecharges.Higherdepreciationchargesdrivenetincomedowninearlyyearsofanasset'slife.Asaresult,accelerateddepreciationmethodsarefavoredfortaxpurposes.Describethecharacteristicsofintangibleassets.什么是無形資產？其特征有哪些？參考答案：Anintangibleassetsisanidentifiablenon-monetaryassetwithoutphysicalsubstance.無形資產是指沒有實物形態的、可辨認的非貨幣性資產。Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……例如：商譽、專利權、版權、特許權、商標、商號等Thecharacteristics：ahigherdegreeofuncertaintyregardingthefuturebenefits未來收益的高度不確定性valuesubjecttowiderfluctuations價值波動性大havingvalueonlytoaparticularcompany其價值只與某一特定企業相關'non-monetary'feature非貨幣性質如下答案也可以：Intangibleassetsarerights,privileges,andcompetitiveadvantagesthatresultfromownershipoflong-livedassetsthatdonotpossessphysicalsubstance.Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……TheMainCharacteristics:Identifiable.可辨認性Lackphysicalexistence.缺乏實物形態Notmonetaryassets.非貨幣性資產Normallyclassifiedasnon-currentasset.Describethereasonsforissuanceoflong-termliabilities.舉借長期債務的原因(與發行股票相比)。參考答案：8/20ReasonsforIssuanceofLong-TermLiabilities：Debtfinancingmaybetheonlyavailablesourceoffunds.Debtfinancingmayhavealowercost.Debtfinancingoffersanincometaxadvantage.Thevotingprivilegeisnotshared.Debtfinancingofferstheopportunityforleverage..Describetherightsofcommonshareholders.(簡述普通股股東的權利)Thetwoprimaryclassesofpaid-incapitalarecommonstock(ordinaryshares)andpreferredstock.Theprimaryattractivenessofpreferredstocksisthattheyarepreferredovercommonastodividends.RightsandPrivilegeofShareholders：CommonShareholdersrighttovoteonkeycorporatematterspreemptiverighttopurchaseenoughsharestoretaintheirproportionalownershipinterestrighttoshareproportionatelyinanydividendshaveresidualinterestinassetsinliquidationPreferredShareholdersstipulateddividendrate;stipulatedliquidationvalueparticipationinearnings;cumulativefeature.Describethethreeconditionsthatcorporationsdeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstanding.現金股利的發放條件。參考答案：Corporationsgenerallydeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstandingwhenthreeconditionsexist:SufficientretainedearningsSufficientcashFormalactionbytheboardofdirectorsDescribethereasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend.公司發放股票股利的原因。參考答案：Numerousreasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend:toshowthatthefirmplanstopermanentlyretainaportionofearningsinthebusinesstoincreasethenumberofsharesoutstanding,whichreducesthemarketpricepershareandwhich,inturn,tendstoincreasetradingofsharesinthemarket.(alargestockdividends)tocontinuedividenddistributionswithoutdisbursingassets(usuallycash)thatmaybeneededforoperationsstockdividendsdonotsubjecttheshareholderstoincometaxshareholdersmayactuallyprefertoreceivestockdividendsbecausetheycanselltheseadditionalsharesonlyiftheychoosetodosoDifferentiatebetweenthestockdividendsandstocksplits.股票股利與股票分割的區別。參考答案：StockDividends：Parvalueofasharedoesnotchange9/20TotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders'equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitychanges(lessofretainedearnings;moreofstock)StockdividendsrequirejournalentriesStockSplits：ParvalueofasharedecreasesTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders'equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitydoesnotchange(sameamountsofstockandRE)StocksplitsdonotrequirejournalentriesDescribethereasonsthatacompanymayretireshares.簡述企業取得庫藏股的原因。TreasuryStock:AfirmmayalsobuyitsownsharesandholdthemforeventualresaleuchsharesmaynotvoteatshareholdermeetingsorreceivedividendsWhyDoesACorporationReacquireItsOwnStock?Reissuesharestoofficersandemployeesunderbonusandstockcompensationplans.因獎金和股票期權計劃，再發行股票給高管喝雇員Increasetradingofcompany,sstockinsecuritiesmarketinhopesofenhancingmarketvalue.增加本公司股票在證券市場的交易量，以希望提高市場價值Haveadditionalsharesavailableforuseinacquisitionofothercompanies.為取得其他公司準備股票Reducenumberofsharesoutstanding,therebyincreasingearningspershare.減少發行在夕卜股數，以提高每股收益Preventahostiletakeover.防止惡意并購Describethematchingmethodsbetweentheexpensesandrevenue.費用與收入配比的三種方法。參考答案：Thematchingprincipleisbrokendownintothreepervasivemeasurementprinciples:費用的確認方法(即與收入配比的方法)associatingcauseandeffect(因果關系)：costsarerelativelyeasytoidentifywiththerelatedrevenues,suchasmaterialsanddirectlaborconsumedinthemanufacturingprocesssystematicandrationalallocation(系統合理的分配)：costsaremorecloselyassociatedwithspecificaccountingperiods,suchascostsofbuildingsandequipmentimmediaterecognition(立即確認)：Allothercostsaregenerallyexpensedintheperiodinwhichtheyareincurred,suchasofficesalaries,utilities,advertisingexpenses,etc.Describethepurposesoffinancialstatementanalysis.簡述財務報表分析的目的。參考答案：Financialstatementanalysishastwopurposes:tousethepastperformanceofanentitytopredictitsfutureprofitabilityandcashflows.toevaluatetheperformanceofanentitywithaneyetowardidentifyingproblemareas.Whatisthepurposeofastatementofcashflows?Howdoesitdifferfromabalancesheetandanincomestatement?說明現金流量表的作用，這與收益表和資產負債表的作用有何不同10/20參考答案：UsefulnessoftheIncomeStatement：Evaluatepastperformance.評價過去業績Predictingfutureperformance.預測未來業績Helpassesstheriskoruncertaintyofachievingfuturecashflows.有助于評價達至U未來現金流量的風險與不確定性Usefulnessofthebalancesheet：Evaluatingthecapitalstructure.Assessriskandfuturecashflows.Analyzethecompany's:Liquidity,solvency,andsinancialflexibility.PurposeoftheStatementofCashFlows：Toproviderelevantinformationaboutthecashreceiptsandcashpaymentsofanenterpriseduringaperiod.Thestatementprovidesanswerstothefollowingquestions:Wheredidthecashcomefrom?Whatwasthecashusedfor?Whatwasthechangeinthecashbalance?Importanceofthestatementofcashflow：Itisusefultomanagersinevaluatingpastoperationsandinplanningfutureinvestingandfinancingactivities.Itisusefultoinvestors,creditors,andothersinassessingafirm'sprofitpotential.Itisabasisforassessingthefirm'sabilitytopayitsmaturingdebt.Whatarethehorizontalanalysis,verticalAnalysisandratioanalysis?什么是橫向分析、縱向分析、比率分析？Horizontalanalysis(ortrendanalysis):Usesdatafromprioryearsasayardstick.Theoldestyearisusedasabase,linebyline,andsubsequentyearsareexpressedasapercentageofthebase.Twosteps:selectabaseyearandassigneachitemonthebaseyearstatementaweightof100%;expresseachitemfromthestatementsfortheotheryearsasapercentageofitsbaseyearamount(2)VerticalAnalysis:Apercentageanalysiscanbeusedtoshowtherelationshipofeachcomponenttoatotalwithinasinglestatement.Thetotal,or100%item,onthebalancesheetis“totalassets.”Netsalesis100.0%ontheincomestatement.Verticalanalysiswithbothdollarandpercentageamountsisalsousefulincomparingonecompanywithanotherorwithindustryaverages.Suchcomparisonsareeasiertomakewiththeuseofcommon-sizestatementsinwhichallitemsareexpressedinpercentages.(3)Ratioanalysis:Amathematicalrelationshipbetweentwoamountsfromthefinancialstatements.Theamountsmightconsistofasingleaccountoranumberofdifferentaccounts,fromanyofthefinancialstatements—thebalancesheet,theincomestatement,orthestatementofcashflow.Solvencyistheabilityofabusinesstomeetitsfinancialobligations(debts)astheyaredue.Solvencyanalysisfocusesontheabilityofabusinesstopayorotherwisesatisfyitscurrentandnoncurrentliabilities.Thisabilityisnormallyassessedbyexaminingbalancesheetrelationships.11/20

Profitabilityistheabilityofanentitytoearnprofits.Thisabilitytoearnprofitsdependsontheeffectivenessandefficiencyofoperationsaswellasresourcesavailable.Profitabilityanalysisfocusesprimarilyontherelationshipbetweenoperatingresultsreportedintheincomestatementandresourcesreportedinthebalancesheet.五、業務題RecordthefollowingselectedtransactionsforMarchinatwo-columnjournal,identifyingichentrybyletter:Received$10,000fromShirleyKnowles,owner.Purchasedequipmentfor$35,000,paying$10,000incashandgivinganotepayablefortheremainder.Paid$1,000forrentforMarch.Purchased$8,500ofsuppliesonaccount.Recorded$2,500offeesearnedonaccount.Received$11,000incashforfeesearned.Paid$200tocreditorsonaccount.Paidwagesof$1,250.Received$1,150fromcustomersonaccount.Recordedowner,swithdrawalof$1,850.ANS:CashShirleyKnowles,CapitalEquipmentCashNotesPayableRentExpenseCashSuppliesAccountsPayableAccountsReceivableFeesEarnedCashFeesEarnedAccountsPayableCashWagesExpenseCashCash10,00010,00035,00010,00010,00035,00010,00025,0001,0001,0008,5008,5002,5002,50011,00011,0002002001,2501,2501,1501,150AccountsReceivable1,150(j) ShirleyKnowles,Drawing1,850Cash1,8502.JournalizethesixentriesthatadjusttheaccountsatDecember31.Oneoftheaccountswasaffectedbytwodifferentadjustingentries.UnadjustedAdjustedTrialBalanceTrialBalanceCash3,0003,000AccountsReceivable30,00030,500Supplies1,700100PrepaidInsurance2,000400Equipment9,0009,000AccumulatedDepreciation1,500WagesPayable4,000UnearnedFees6,0001,500AnnCole,Capital20,00020,000FeesEarned62,00067,000WagesExpense42,30046,300SuppliesExpense1,600InsuranceExpense1,600DepreciationExpense1,500Total88,000 88,00094,00094,000 ——ANS:AccountsReceivable500FeesEarned500SuppliesExpense1,600Supplies1,600InsuranceExpense1,600PrepaidInsurance1,600DepreciationExpense1,500AccumulatedDepreciation1,500UnearnedFees4,500FeesEarned4,500WagesExpense4,000WagesPayable4,000Foreachofthefollowing,journalizethenecessaryadjustingentry:13/20

Abusinesspaysweeklysalariesof$15,000onFridayforafive-dayweekendingonthatday.Journalizethenecessaryadjustingentryattheendofthefiscalperiod,assumingthatthefiscalperiodends(1)onWednesday,(2)onThursday.Thebalanceintheprepaidinsuranceaccountbeforeadjustmentattheendoftheyearis$14,000.Journalizetheadjustingentryrequiredundereachofthefollowingalternatives:(1)theamountofinsuranceexpiredduringtheyearis$4,500,(2)theamountofunexpiredinsuranceapplicabletoafutureperiodis$1,500.OnJuly1ofthecurrentyear,abusinesspays$36,000tothecityforlicensetaxesforthecomingfiscalyear.Thesamebusinessisalsorequiredtopayanannualpropertytaxattheendoftheyear.Theestimatedamountofthecurrentyear,spropertytaxallocabletoJulyis$3,200.(1)JournalizethetwoadjustingentriesrequiredtobringtheaccountsaffectedbythetaxesuptodateasofJuly31.(2)WhatistheamountoftaxexpenseforJuly?Theestimateddepreciationonequipmentfortheyearis$24,000.ANS:(1)SalaryExpenseSalariesPayableSalaryExpenseSalariesPayable(1)InsuranceExpensePrepaidInsuranceInsuranceExpensePrepaidInsurance(1)TaxesExpensePrepaidLicenseTaxesTaxesExpensePropertyTaxesPayable$6,200($3,000+$3,200)DepreciationExpenseAccumulatedDepreciation-9,0009,00012