1、SeCtio n IV Grammar語法精講*專項(xiàng):動詞-ing形式作表語、定語和賓補(bǔ)的用法課前自圭領(lǐng)悟（教材 Pi8）You may find it astonishing（astOniSh） that CharIie WaS taught to Sing as Soon as he could SPeak and dance as Soon as he could walk.賓補(bǔ)） （教材 P18）Such trai ning WaS com mon in acting（act） families at this time , especially Whe n the family in

2、 come WaS ofte n Un Certa in.（ 定語） （教材 P18）N0 One WaS ever bored WatChing him his SUbtIe acting made everything entertaining（entertain）.（賓補(bǔ)）（教材 P18）He grew more and more popular as his Charming（Charm） CharaCter , the little tramp, became known throughout the world.（ 定語） （教材 P18）He WaIked around Stif

3、fIy Carrying a WaIking（WaIk） StiCk.（定語）（教材 P18）The acting is so ConVinCing（COnVinCe） that it makes you believe that it is One of the best meals he has ever tasted.表 語）課堂要點(diǎn)精析F一、v. - ing作定語動名詞（短語）作定語，表示名詞的屬性、作用或用途，作“供用”講，常置于 被修飾的名詞前。There is a SWimming pool in OUr school.我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)游泳池。StUde nts are not P

4、ermitted to SPeak aloud in the readi ng room.在閱覽室里學(xué)生們不許大聲喧嘩?，F(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語，表示所修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是 主動關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞前；現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，則放在被修飾詞后。The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.=The boys who are gatheri ng at the school gate are my classmates.聚集在校門口的那些男孩是我的同學(xué)。The girl

5、 PerfOrm ing On the Stage has a gift for dan ce.=The girl who is PerfOrm ing On the Stage has a gift for dance.那個(gè)在舞臺上表演的女孩有舞蹈天賦。二、v.-ing作表語動名詞（短語）作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容，與主語通常是同一概念，表語和主語?？苫Q位置。One Of his Weaknesses is telling IieS . = Telling IieS is One Of his Weaknesses. 他的缺點(diǎn)之一 就是說謊。My job is de

6、livering milk from door to door every morning.我的工作就是每天早上挨門挨戶送牛奶。2現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作表語，表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，這類分詞通常可以看作形容 !詞。The report is Very disturbing .這個(gè)報(bào)告令人感到非常不安。The argument is Very ConVinCing .這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。提示作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving , interesting , enCOUraging , exciting , inSPiring , borin

7、g , SUrPriSing , PUZZIing , amusing ,astonishing.這類分詞有令人的”的含義，常修飾物。三、動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。動詞-ing形式常作以下動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1 .表示感覺”的感官動詞:feel, smell, listen to , hear, WatCh , see, notice, ObSerVe等。I felt someOne Patting me On the shoulder.我感覺有人在拍我的肩膀。 表示 使； 讓” 的使役動詞：have, keep, get,

8、leave, let, set, make, Send 等。 We Won t have you doing that.我們不允許你那么做。用于With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。I couldn t do my homework With the noise going on.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。With so many people looking at her, She felt nervous.這么多人看著她，她感到很緊張。課后跟蹤訓(xùn)紙，I單句語法填空At that time, my job WaS(take) Care of the homeless dogs.答案：taking2 Gr

9、andma came into my bedroom with a (walk) stick in her hand.答案： walking3 They are planning to build a (swim) pool for the kids.答案： swimming4 The student (talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor.答案： talking5 When I passed by his office, I heard him (sing) a Chinese song.答案： singing6 With t

10、he temperature (rise), the leaves and grass began to appear.答案： rising7 When the little girl found so many people (surround) her, she felt verynervous.答案： surrounding8 When I saw the dog (beat) by several boys, I came up to stop them.答案： being beaten9 The man left us (stand) alone, unable to find an

11、y help.答案： standing10 Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own.答案： cleaning11 Don t have the lights (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.答案： burning12 What the manager said at the meeting was really (inspire) 答案： inspiring單句改錯(cuò)1 What he said just now is shocked.答案： shock

12、ed shocking2 With so much water covered its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.答案： covered covering3 The satisfying smile on his face suggests that he has got the job.答案： satisfying satisfied4 You may find it surprised that the little girl can speak six foreign languages fluently.答案：SUrPrised

13、 SUrPriS ing5. Do you know the young Iady Sat in the middle Of the first row? 答案：sat Sitt ingIn語法與寫作ThiS result is（太令人失望 ）and We don tow What to say.答案：Very disappo intingSeVeraI StUdents are reading books in（候車室）.答案：the Wait ing roomWhat Helen hates most is（被別人嘲笑）.答案：being IaUghed at by OtherSThe m

14、an,（看上去很擔(dān)心 ）,WaIked UP and down in the street.答案：Iook ing Very WOrriedMy mother kept me（ 練習(xí)彈鋼琴 ）,WhiCh made me annoyed.答案：PraCtiS in g/practici ng play ing the Pia noThe film（非常感人 ）and I WaS moved to tears.答案： WaS Very movingThe StadiUm（在修建中的 ）at PreSent in the City is intended for theComing ASia n

15、Games.答案：being built（看書）.（看書）.課時(shí)作業(yè)I單句語法填空The PrOfeSSOr （give） US a SPeeCh about Writing now is from PekingUn iversity.答案：givi ng LiSten! The music the musicians are playing over there SoUndS（interest）.答案：in terest ing When I WaS On my Way to school this morning, I SaW two women（argue）. 答案：arguing By

16、 far, there are many problems（remain） to be solved.答案：remai ningWe Were all（amaze） that he didn keep his word as before.答案：amazed It WaS(astOniSh) that the Shy girl stood UP and anSWered the question. 答案：astOniShingA beggar in rags stood there With his eyes(Stare) at the Steak On the plate.答案：Stari

17、ngThe StadiUm(build) at PreSent in OUr City is intended for the Coming ASianGames.答案：being builtMy Parents don t allow US(WatCh) violent TV programmes.答案：to WatChDon t leave the girl(Wait) OUtSide all the time.答案：Wait ing閱讀理解If you have a Chance to go to Finland, you will PrObabIy be SUrPriSed to fi

18、nd how “foolish ” the FinniSh people are.Take the taxi drivers for example. TaXiS in FinIand are mostly high-class BenZ With a fare oftwo U . S. dollars a kilometer. You Can go anyWhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, Say that you have some bus in ess to atte nd to, and the n walk

19、off WithOUt Pay ing your fare. The driver would not show the least Sig ns of an xiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only SerVe their guests, but also SerVe OUtSide din ers. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they w

20、ould do to show their good faith is to WaVe their registration CardS to the waiter. With SUCh a loose check, you Can easily USe any old registration Card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish WOrkerS are Paid by the hour. They are Very much on their own as soon as they have

21、agreed With the boss at the rate. From then On they just Say how many hours they have WOrked and they will be Paid accord in gly.With so many IooPholes(漏洞)in everyday life, SUreIy Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “Petty advantages” . BUt the Strange thing is that all the taxi PaSSe

22、ngers would always come back to Pay their fares after they have atte nded to their bus in ess and that not a Sin gle OUtSider has ever bee n found in the free hotel dining rooms. And WOrkerS always give an hon est acco Unt of the exact hours they PUt in. AS the FinnS always act On good faith in ever

23、yth ing they do, living in SUCh a SOCiety has turned everyOne into a real “ gentleman. ”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要通過一些例子，介紹了芬蘭人的誠實(shí)，并且誠實(shí)讓他們成為真正的“紳士11 The underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean toaA be ready to help othersBmake good use of one s friendsC be a little ahead of othersD gain something at other s e

24、xpenseD 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，在日常生活中芬蘭出現(xiàn)了很多的 “ 漏 洞” 。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，芬蘭確實(shí)是那些愛貪小便宜的人的天堂，畫線詞意為 “小便宜 ”， 故 D 項(xiàng)正確。2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.B In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if

25、you re living in the hotel.C The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours.D The workers are always honest with their working hours.C 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三句可知，老板是根據(jù)工人自己 所說的工作時(shí)長給工人支付工資的， 而不是根據(jù)登記的時(shí)長， 所以 C 項(xiàng)與文意不符， 故選 C 項(xiàng)。3 We can learn from the passage t

26、hatA the Finnish society is of very high moral（ 道德的 ） levelB there are many loopholes in everyday life in FinlandC in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anythingD everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselvesA 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句，并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知芬蘭人總是誠實(shí) 地做每一件事， 生活在這

27、樣一個(gè)社會里， 每個(gè)人都變成了一個(gè)真正的 “紳士 ” 。據(jù)此可以判 斷，芬蘭社會有著很高的道德水平，故 A 項(xiàng)正確。4 Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A Life in Finland77A.surprisedB proudCC. habitD. PrOmiSeA SoCiety With Foolish PeopleWhat a LifeHonest AccoUntS of the FinnSB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章先通過人們認(rèn)為芬蘭人很“愚蠢”引出本文話題，接著舉例介紹了芬蘭人“愚蠢”的情況，最

28、后點(diǎn)明主旨，即芬蘭是一個(gè)道德水平很高的國家，人們的誠實(shí)讓他們都成為紳士。據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。In完形填空AS a little red - haired boy growing UP in a small town in Pennsylvania, there WaS nothing I Wanted more than a Pony （小型馬）.That WaS my life _ SI. And I Understood my OnIy _2_WaS to Win one._3_ , though our apartment WaS too small, With a re

29、nt too large, my Parents Seemed _4_ to buy me a ticket for every Win - a- PonyContest.By the age of ten, I had entered every Pony _5I could.Ididn believe that luck WaS afactor.What I _6_ , WaS that there WaS a Pony Waiting for me to find her.The n One day while WatCh ing my favourite kids show On TV

30、, I WaS _7_ to hear the hostess announce that the Station WaS Offering a free Pony to any boy or girl who could _8_ the best desig n for an ani mal compa ny.“ Yee- hah! ThiS is it!” I WaS _9_!Fuelled（推動）by ten years Ionginig_10 took me a couple of hours to finish my design and _11= to the mailbox.An

31、d it WaS three WeekS later that the Station called, announcing.“Congratulations. Tommy, you_12_ the Pony !”After that, I received my pony, this great 13 to myself.And We 14_ found a little barn（馬廄）We could _15. From then on, every day I WaIked about a mile to the barn, got Onthe Ponyand joyfully rod

32、e around the CoUn tryside.Looking _16as a White- haired grandfather who is still Sharing _17_ StOrieS With myChiIdren and their ChiIdren, I am happy to remind everyOne that the best Way to realize your dreams is to _18. your inner wisdom.I believe William JenningS Bryan had it right When be _19 . .

33、“DeStiny（命運(yùn)）is not amatter of Chance, it is a matter of _20_; it is not to be Waited for, it is to be achieved. ”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。現(xiàn)已白發(fā)蒼蒼的作者在文中回憶了自己兒時(shí)為了得到一匹小馬而為之不斷奮斗的故事。B. dream1B. dreamB 解析：根據(jù)上一句中的 there was nothing I wanted more than a pony( 小型馬 ) 可知 ， 想 要一匹小馬是作者一生的 “夢想 (dream)” 。2 A.purposeB decisionC

34、luckD chanceD 解析：根據(jù)下一句作者對自己家境的描述our apartment was too small ，with a rent toolarge 以及下文作者的觀點(diǎn) I didn t believe that luck was a factor. 可知 ，作者明白自己唯一可以 得到小馬的機(jī)會(Chanee)”只能是靠自己去贏取。該段末尾的every Win-a-pony Contest為提示。3A.ThankfullyB SurelyCStrangelyD ReadilyA 解析：對比“作者家所租的公寓太小而且房租還很高 ” 和“作者父母讓他去參加每 場贏小馬的比賽 ” 可知

35、，這是讓作者倍感高興和寬慰的事 ，因此 Thankfully 符合語境。4A.braveB sorryChappyD afraidC 解析：根據(jù)該句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞though可知，盡管作者的家境并不是很好，但父母非常“ 樂意 (happy)” 掏錢讓作者去參加每場贏小馬的比賽。5A.tradeB CompetitionCtourD performanCeB 解析：根據(jù)上一段末尾的Win -a-po ny con test可知，作者到10歲時(shí)已經(jīng)參加了各種贏小馬的 “比賽 (Competition) ”。6A.expectedBrememberedCexpressedD believedD 解析：

36、根據(jù)上一句 I didn tbelieve that luck Was a factor. 可知 ， 作者在此陳述自己的 一種人生態(tài)度 ， 即： “我” 從不相信運(yùn)氣 ，“我” 所“相信 (believed)” 的是有一匹小馬一直 在某個(gè)地方等 “我 ”贏取它回家。CCnervousD moved1414A.onceB almoStA 解析：作者一直認(rèn)為自己唯一可以得到小馬的機(jī)會是靠買票參加比賽 ，因此 ，當(dāng)他聽到兒童節(jié)目的主持人說電視臺會免費(fèi)贈送小馬時(shí)，他感到非常驚訝(SUrPriSed)”，言外之意 ， 他沒有想到這也是一種可以得到小馬的方式。8A.PickB followCmakeDdi

37、ScoverC 解析： 根據(jù)下文中的finiSh my deSign 可知 ，電視臺讓兒童觀眾為一家動物公司“ 制作(make) ”品牌名稱的設(shè)計(jì)。9A.SatiSfiedB excitedCrelaxedDencoUragedB 解析：作者又獲得一次可以得到小馬的機(jī)會，因此他感到非常 “興奮(excited)10A.StillB thenCagainD onlyD 解析：根據(jù) ten yearSlonging 和 a coUPle of hoUrS 之間的比較可知 ，作者渴望了十年 小馬 ， 但 “僅 (only) ” 花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)就完成了設(shè)計(jì)。11A.driveB retUrnCraceD

38、climbC 解析：根據(jù)作者此刻的心情可知 ， 他“飛奔著 (race)” 跑去郵箱投遞自己的設(shè)計(jì)。12A.wonB deSignedCfoUndDtoUchedA 解析：根據(jù)該句中的CongratUlationS 以及下一段首句中的 I received my Pony 可知，作者 “ 贏得了 (won) ”小馬。13A.giftB jobCchangeDthoUghtA 解析：作者將自己通過設(shè)計(jì)比賽贏取的小馬看作是一個(gè)很棒的“禮物(gift) ”。CeverD alsoD15 A.buildB useCbuyD fixB 解析： 根據(jù)該句中的 And 以及下一句中的 every day I

39、 walked about a mile to the barn, got on the pony and joyfully rode around the countryside 可知 ，在電視臺的設(shè)計(jì)比賽后 ，作者贏 得了自己夢寐以求的小馬，然后“也(also)”找到一個(gè)可以“使用(use)”的馬廄。16CeverD alsoD15 A.buildB useCbuyD fixB 解析： 根據(jù)該句中的 And 以及下一句中的 every day I walked about a mile to the barn, got on the pony and joyfully rode aroun

40、d the countryside 可知 ，在電視臺的設(shè)計(jì)比賽后 ，作者贏 得了自己夢寐以求的小馬，然后“也(also)”找到一個(gè)可以“使用(use)”的馬廄。16A.upB downCbackDforwardC 解析：根據(jù)文章首句中的 As a little red-haired boy 和該空后的 as a white-hairedgrandfather 之間的對比可知 ， 作者在此 “回顧 (Looking back) ”自己兒時(shí)的故事。17A.loveB ponyCbedtimeD adventureB 解析：作者在上文主要講述了自己兒時(shí)贏取小馬的故事，因此作為一名現(xiàn)已年邁的祖父 ，

41、他給自己的子孫分享 “小馬 (pony) ” 的故事。18 A.tru stB acceptCshowDproveA 解析：根據(jù)上文作者靠自己的實(shí)力贏取小馬的故事可知，他認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的最好辦法是“相信(trust) ”自己的智慧。19A.askedB wishedCagreedDsaidD 解析：該空后引號中的內(nèi)容是William Jennings Bryan所“說(said)”的話。Bsituation20BsituationCchoiceDCchoiceC 解析：命運(yùn)不是機(jī)遇 ， 而是 “選擇 (choice)” ；命運(yùn)不靠等待 ， 而憑爭取。IV語法填空nOtice nOtice 之間存在動賓關(guān)系。故用are nOticed 。There are many factors 1.(contribute) to a person susccess in life. Whether heis at school or at work, a person is more likely to succeed if he is hard - working, honest,