1、對改善工程項目管理的淺談09房建2班 肖闖 一、更新觀念，轉換機制 ：通過對廣大職工反復深入進行形勢與任務教育，促進廣大職工樹立市場、競爭、效益觀念，清除計劃經濟影響。以此為基礎，改革機構設置與部門職能，按照建立市場經濟體制轉換項目管理經營機構。從機構上，設立市場合同部、工程技術部、施工管理部。市場合同部集合同管理、計劃管理、財物管理、成本管理和結算管理于一體，有利于突出合同管理的中心地位，強化合同管理的控制功能，克服合同管理與資金管理、成本控制相脫離的弊端。對于施工管理部，賦予其在合同約束下的對現場施工進度、技術、質量、安全、資源配置、成本控制全方位的組織實施與協調管理職能，這有利于形成現場

2、施工管理與合同管理、成本管理協調一致的管理機制，解決現場調度長期存在的重進度、輕管理，重投入、輕核算的問題，改變"管干的不管算、管算的不管干"的局面，提高文明施工水平和企業經濟效益。專設工程技術部以適應工程技術新、設備新、材料新、工藝新的需要，加強對重大施工技術問題的超前研究和科研攻關，為建設一流工程和創造最佳效益提供有力的技術支持。 二、推行項目管理責任制 ：一般建筑工程項目規模比較大、分項工程或單項工程多，施工管理和合同管理難度大。在精干主體的基礎上，還必須進一步減化生產關系，減少管理層次，變金字塔式的管理為扁平式管理。實施工程項目管理有多方面的管理要素，不同的工程項目

3、又有不同的管理重點，但項目管理責任制和項目成本核算制始終是項目管理的核心。它的落實與否，決定著項目管理的效果與成敗。項目經理在授權范圍內處理和協調甲乙方，總包與分包方、監理方、設計方以及當地政府有關部門等各方面的關系，保證工程項目的協調有序實施。企業內部要用完善的市場機制、用人機制、分配機制、服務機制和監督機制等有效機制來保證項目經理責任制的落實。有效靈活的組織體系是實現工程項目的四控制（進度、質量、安全、成本）、四管理（合同管理、現場管理、信息管理、生產要素管理），保證工程項目三大目標實現的必要條件。建設承包公司對項目部嚴格按照項目管理的原則和合同履約要求進行資源配置，下達生產計劃和各項經濟

4、技術各核指標，以保證實現預期的項目管理目標。 三、建立和完善競爭、激勵、約束和監督四大機制 ：要致力于建立和完善一套有效的競爭、激勵、約束和監督機制，在建設一流工程的同時，努力造就一支一流的施工隊伍。首先要建立競爭機制，廣泛實行競爭上崗制度。按照“公平、公開、公正”的原則，在競爭引進優秀人才，補充新鮮血液、使機構保持旺盛活力。通過競爭機制，可以促進機關作風轉變，提高工作和辦事效率，激發職工的生產積極性。 第二要建立約束機制，沒有強有力的約束機制，項目管理將會失去控制而難以為續。在建設承包公司黨政工作、施工生產、經營管理、后勤保障等各個方面，都需要制訂各項規章制度，使各項管理工作有章可循、有法可

5、依。為了使各項規章制度切實發生效力，還應該建立各項獎懲制度，嚴格兌現獎懲，促使人們嚴格按照技術標準規范作業，促進工程質量和文明施工水平的提高。 建立監督機制要圍繞提高工程質量和企業經濟效益這一中心，建立全方位的質量監督與責任追溯系統，實行目標管理，責任到人。加強對勞動和物資材料及機電設備的干預，同時加強對人工費、材料費、設備費和管理費四大成本的控制。 四、加強成本管理和質量管理 ：項目管理的核心是成本管理，要建立成本管理的責任體系與運行機制，把公司作為項目成本管理的中心，負責合同成本目標總控制。通過對合同單價的分解、調整、綜合、平衡，確定內部核算單價，提出目標成本指導性計劃，對作業層成本運行與

6、管理進行指導和監督；二級單位作業層負責執行管理層制定下達的目標成本分解指標，嚴格按照內部核算單價控制成本消耗，自負盈虧。總工程師負責組織技術人員優化施工方案，改進技術措施，鼓勵能工巧匠開展技術革新和工藝創新，為有效實施成本控制提供技術支持。總經濟師以合同為依據，組織編制施工成本預算計劃，確定項目目標成本，并負責層層分解和監督成本執行情況。總會計師對項目成本運行及實際消耗狀況，對項目施工進行成本核算與成本分析，計算和反映項目盈虧，檢查成本控制目標是否實現，并總結成本控制的經驗教訓。 五、提高計算機應用水平 ：計算機是企業管理現代化的重要工具，實現現代化管理，必須應用計算機。工程從中標到交工驗收，

7、除必須具備較高的施工技術水平外，還應采用先進的現代化施工管理手段來提高企業管理水平，這些管理手段則必須依靠計算機來完成。實踐證明，利用計算機輔助管理是提高施工企業管理水平的有效途徑。 改革開放以來，我國建筑業圍繞著縮短工期、降低造價、提高工程質量和投資效益引入了許多現代化管理方法，如網絡計劃技術和計算機輔助管理的普遍推行，在一定程度上使各種現代化管理思想和管理手段逐漸融入施工企業的日常管理活動中，對施工企業管理水平的提高、投資效益的改善、工程質量的保證等都起了積極的作用。為了加強計算機輔助管理水平，廣大工程技術人員和企業管理人員都應接受現代化管理知識和計算機應用知識的培訓，并作為上崗考核的重要

8、內容。企業所有業務人員均應熟練的應用計算機，以實現辦公自動化、管理現代化、工作規范化。 六、強化安全文明施工 ：施工企業應當始終把"安全第一"作為企業基本經營方針，樹立"一切事故都是可以預防并避免"的思想，全面開展"事故零目標"推進活動。項目部應設現場經理、工程總管和總工程師，下面分設安全健康與環境主管（經理），費用控制與計劃主管（經理），勞資主管理，采購經理，施工經理，合同主管六個部門。實行安全健康與環境一體化管理。環境管理包括評估、監測、教育、現場實施與監督檢查；安全管理包括施工安全、交通安全、機械安全、消防安全、勞動防護用品等；

9、健康管理包括工業衛生（防塵、防毒、防噪音）、現場衛生，生活衛生、醫療救護等。總之，只要與安全、健康、環境有直接關聯的，安全部門都要管。 七、小結：項目施工管理創新責任制度的推行，使我單位在建項目效益顯著提高。項目經理在既在壓力又有動力的狀態下工作，效益意識、開源意識增強，項目人員積極性得到發揮，效果明顯。推行責任制后，公司利潤有了較大增長，項目市場意識普遍增強，項目成本得到控制，懂技術、善管理、會算帳的管理人才也越來越多了。 Improving engineering project managementFirst, renew an idea, changeover mechanism :

10、Based on broad worker repeated in-depth situation and task of education, promote the broad worker establish market, competition, benefit idea, clear the influence of plan economy. On this basis, the reform of institutions and functions, in accordance with the establishment of market economy system t

11、ransformation project management mechanism. From the mechanism, set up a market contract department, engineering department, the Ministry of construction management. Market contract of contract management, project management, financial management, cost management and settlement management in one, hi

12、ghlight the centrality of contract management, strengthening contract management control functions, overcoming the contract management and funds management, cost control from the malpractice. For the Ministry of construction management, giving it in the contract on the spot construction schedule, te

13、chnical, quality, safety, resource allocation, cost control a full range of organization and coordination and management functions, which is conducive to the formation of the site construction management and contract management, cost management and coordination management mechanism, to solve the sch

14、eduling of long-standing heavy progress management, light, heavy investment, light accounting problems, change the " tube dry matter, to calculate whether stem " situation, improve the civilized construction level and economic benefit of enterprise. Special engineering technology departmen

15、t to meet the project new technology, new material, new equipment, new technology, strengthening of major technical issues for the construction of advanced study and research, to build first-class engineering and create optimal benefit to provide strong technical support.Second, the implementation o

16、f the project management system of job responsibility: general construction project size is relatively large, project or individual project, construction management and contract management difficulty. In keen-witted and capable main basis, must also be further reduction of relations of production, r

17、educe the administrative level, variable pyramid management to flat management. The implementation of project management has multiple regulatory elements, different projects have different management focus, but the project management responsibility system and project cost accounting system is always

18、 the core of the project management. It implemented or not, determines the effect and the success or failure of project management. Project manager within the scope of authorization management and coordination of Party A and Party B, the contractor and subcontractor party, supervision, design party

19、and local government departments and other aspects of the relationship, ensure that the project is harmonious and orderly implementation. Enterprise interior to perfect market mechanism, employing mechanism, distribution mechanism, service mechanism and supervision mechanism and effective mechanism

20、to ensure the project manager responsibility system. Flexible and efficient organization system is the realization of project four ( schedule control, quality, safety, cost management ( four ), contract management, site management, information management, production management, guarantee the project

21、 ) three goals to achieve the necessary condition. Construction contracting company project department in strict accordance with the principles of project management and contract requirements for the allocation of resources, issued production plan and the economic and technical indexes of the nucleu

22、s, in order to ensure the realization of the expected goal of project management.Third, establish and improve competition, incentive, restriction and supervision mechanism: four to establish and perfect a set of effective competition, incentive, restriction and supervision mechanism, the constructio

23、n of a first-class engineering at the same time, and strive to create a first-class construction team. The first to establish competitive mechanism, execute competitive mount guard system wide. According to "fair, open and fair" principle, the introduction of the competition of talents, fr

24、esh blood, so that the body retain exuberant vigor. Through the mechanism of competition, can promote the body style change, improve work efficiency and, arouse the worker's enthusiasm for production. Second to establish the restriction mechanism, there is no strong constraint mechanism, project

25、 management will lose control and difficult for the continued. In construction contracting company party card work, construction production, management, logistics and other aspects, need to formulate rules and regulations, make the management work of rule-based, conformable. In order to make regulat

26、ions to take effect, also should establish the system of rewards and penalties, strict rewards and punishments, prompted strictly according to the standard operation, promote the engineering quality and raise the level of civilized construction. Establishment of monitoring mechanisms to enhance engi

27、neering quality and economic benefits of the enterprise this one center, the establishment of a full range of quality supervision and liability traceability system, execute management by objectives, responsibilities to the people. To strengthen the labor and materials and electrical and mechanical e

28、quipment of the intervention, while enhancing the labor costs, cost of materials, equipment and management fees of four cost control. Fourth, strengthen cost management and quality management: the core of the project management is the cost management, to establish the cost management responsibility

29、system and operating mechanism, the company as a project cost management center, responsible for contract target cost control. According to the contract price adjustment, decomposition, comprehensive, balanced, determine the internal accounting unit price, put forward the target cost planning guidan

30、ce to the operation cost, operation and management guidance and supervision; two stage unit operation layer is responsible for executive management issued the target cost decompose index, in strict accordance with the internal accounting control of cost price, conceited profit and loss. The chief en

31、gineer is responsible for organizing the technology to optimize the construction scheme, technical improvement measures, encourage skilled craftsmen to carry out technological innovation and technological innovation, for the effective implementation of cost control to provide technical support. The

32、division of total economy to contract as the basis, organize the preparation of construction cost budget plan, determine the target cost of project, and is responsible for the implementation and supervision cost layer upon layer decomposition. Chief accountant for project cost runs and actual consum

33、ption, to project construction cost accounting and cost analysis, calculation and reflect the project break-even, check the cost control target is achieved, and summarize the experience and lessons of cost control.Fifth, raise computer application level: the computer is the modernization of enterpri

34、se management important tool, realize the modernization of management, must apply the computer. Project from bid to acceptance, except must have high technical level of construction, but also the use of advanced modern construction management means to improve the management level of the enterprise,

35、the management means must rely on computer to complete. Practice has proved that, using computer-aided management is to improve the management level of construction enterprise effective way. Since reforming and opening, construction of our country around the shorten time limit for a project, reduce

36、cost, improve project quality and investment efficiency introduced many modern management methods, such as network planning technique and computer aided management carry out generally, to a certain extent, make all sorts of modern management thought and the management method of construction enterpri

37、ses gradually integrated into the daily management activity, on the construction to improve enterprise management level, improve the investment benefit, project quality assurance, has played a positive role in. In order to strengthen the computer aided management level, the majority of the engineeri

38、ng and technical personnel and business management personnel shall accept modern management knowledge and computer application knowledge training, and as the important content of the post assessment. Enterprises of all staff should be skilled application of computer, to realize office automation, management modernization, standardization work. Sixth, strengthen safety civilization construction: construction enterprises should always put the" safety first" as the basic enterprise management policy, establish &q