1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載關于原真性的“奈良文件 ”概要發布時間： 2021-1-8瀏覽量： 801關于原真性的奈良會議于1994 年 11 月 1 日6 日在日本奈良舉辦,主要爭論關于定義和評估原真性的大量復雜問題,對文化遺產的原真性概念及其應用作出具體闡述；會議通過了關于原真性的奈良文件,為在 1964 年威尼斯憲章的精神基礎上構思.建立延長形成的,以回應當今世界對文化遺產關懷和愛好的擴展；會議主要包括了文化多樣性和遺產多樣性.價值與原真性及其定義；1. 要基于遺產的價值愛護各種形式和各歷史時期的文化遺產；人們懂得這些價值的才能部分地依靠與這些價值有關的信息源的可信性與真實性；對這

2、些信息源的熟悉與懂得,與文化遺產初始的和后續的特點與意義相關,為全面評估原真性的必要基礎；2. 以這種方式考慮的.并在威尼斯憲章中確認的原真性,為與遺產價值有關的最為基本的資格因素；在文化遺產的科學爭論.愛護與修復規劃.以及依世界遺產公約規定的登錄程序和其他文化遺產清單使用時,對原真性的懂得扮演著重要的角色；3. 在不同文化.甚至在同一文化中,對文化遺產的價值特性及其相關信息源可信性的評判標準可能會不一樣；因而,將文化遺產的價值原真性置于固定的評判標準之中來為不行能的；相反,對全部文化的敬重,要求充分考慮文化遺產的文脈關系；4. 因此,在每一文化內,對遺產價值的特性及相關信息源的牢靠性與真實性

3、的熟悉必需達成共識,這為至關重要.極其緊迫的；5. 基于文化遺產的本性以及文脈關系,原真性的判別會與各種大量信息源中有價值的部分有關聯；信息源的各方面包括形式與設計.材料與物質.使用與功能.傳統與技術.位置與環境 這應當不為指場地,或場地只為其中一小部分概念 .精神與感受以及其它內在的.外部的因素；答應利用這些信息源檢驗文化遺產 在藝術.歷史.社會和科學等維度的詳盡狀況；preamble1. we、 the experts assembled in nara japan、 wish to acknowledge the generous spirit and intellectual cour

4、age of the japanese authorities in providing a timely forum in whichwe could challenge conventional thinking in the conservation field、 and debate ways andmeans of broadeningour horizons to bring greaterrespect for culturaland heritage diversity to conservation practice.2. we also wish to acknowledg

5、e the value of the framework for discussion provided by theworld heritage committee's desire to apply the test of authenticity in ways which accord full respect to the social and cultural values of all societies、 in examining the outstanding universal value of cultural properties proposed for th

6、e world heritage list.3. the nara document on authenticity is conceived in the spirit of the charter of venice、 1964、 and builds on it and extends it in response to the expanding scope of cultural heritage concerns and interests in our contemporary world.4. in a world that is increasingly subject to

7、 the forces of globalization and homogenization、and in a world in which the search for cultural identity is sometimes pursued through aggressive nationalism and the suppression of the cultures of minorities、the essential contributionmade by the considerationof authenticityin conservation practice is

8、 to精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載clarify and illuminate the collective memory of humanity.cultural diversity and heritage diversity5. the diversity of cultures and heritage in our world is an irreplaceable source of spiritual and intellectual richness for all humankind. the protection and enhancement of cu

9、ltural and heritage diversity in our world should be actively promoted as an essential aspect of human development.6. cultural heritagediversityexists in timeand space、 and demands respect for other cultures and all aspects of their belief systems. in cases where cultural values appear tobe in confl

10、ict、 respect for cultural diversity demands acknowledgment of the legitimacyof the cultural values of all parties.7. all cultures and societies are rooted in the particular forms and means of tangible and intangible expression which constitute their heritage、 and these should be respected.8. it is i

11、mportant to underline a fundamental principle of unesco、 to the effect that the cultural heritage of each is the cultural heritage of all. responsibility for cultural heritage and the management of it belongs、 in the first place、 to the cultural community that has generated it、 and subsequently to t

12、hat which cares for it. however、 in addition to these responsibilities、 adherence to the international charters and conventions developed for conservationofculturalheritagealsoobligesconsiderationoftheprinciplesand responsibilitiesflowingfromthem.balancing theirown requirementswiththose of other cul

13、tural communities is、 for each community、 highly desirable、 provided achievingthis balance does not undermine their fundamental cultural values.values and authenticity9. conservation of cultural heritage in all its forms and historical periods is rooted in the values attributed to the heritage. our

14、ability to understand these values depends、 in part、 on the degree to which information sources about these values may be understood ascredible or truthful. knowledge and understanding of these sources of information、 in relation to original and subsequent characteristics of the cultural heritage、 a

15、nd their meaning、 is a requisite basis for assessing all aspects of authenticity.10. authenticity、 considered in this way and affirmed in the charter of venice、 appears as theessential qualifying factor concerning values. the understanding of authenticity plays a fundamentalrole in all scientific st

16、udies of the culturalheritage、 in conservationand restorationplanning、as well as withinthe inscriptionprocedures used for the world heritage convention and other cultural heritage inventories.11. all judgements about values attributed to cultural properties as well as the credibility of related info

17、rmation sources may differ from culture to culture、 and even within the same culture. it is thus not possible to base judgements of values and authenticity within fixed criteria. on the contrary、 the respect due to all cultures requires that heritage properties must considered and judged within the

18、cultural contexts to which they belong.12. therefore、itis ofthehighestimportanceandurgency that、withineach culture、recognition be accorded to the specific nature of its heritage values and the credibility and truthfulness of related information sources.13. depending on the nature of the cultural her

19、itage、 its cultural context、 and its evolution through time、 authenticity judgements may be linked to the worth of a great variety of sources of information. aspects of the sources may include form and design、 materials精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載and substance、 use and function、 traditions and techniques

20、、 location and setting、 and spirit and feeling、 and other internal and external factors. the use of these sources permits elaboration of the specific artistic、 historic、 social、 and scientific dimensions ofthe cultural heritage being examined.appendix 1suggestions for follow-up proposed by h. stovel

21、1. respect for cultural and heritage diversity requires conscious efforts to avoid imposing mechanistic formulae or standardized procedures in attempting to define or determine authenticity of particular monuments and sites.2. effortstodetermineauthenticityina mannerrespectfulofculturesand heritaged

22、iversity requires approaches which encourage cultures to develop analytical processes and tools specific to their nature and needs. such approaches may have several aspects in common:o effortstoensureassessmentofauthenticityinvolvemultidisciplinarycollaborationand theappropriateutilisationofall avai

23、lableexpertiseand knowledge;o efforts to ensure attributed values are truly representative of a culture and thediversity of its interests、 in particular monuments and sites;o efforts to document clearly the particular nature of authenticity for monuments and sites as a practical guide to future trea

24、tment and monitoring;o effortsto updateauthenticityassessments in lightofchanging values and circumstances.3. particularly important are efforts to ensure that attributed values are respected、 and that their determination included efforts to build、 ad far as possible、 a multidisciplinary and communi

25、ty consensus concerning these values.4. approaches should also buildon and facilitateinternationalco-operationamongallthose withan interest in conservation of culturalheritage、 in order to improve global respect and understanding for the diverse expressions and values of each culture.5. continuation

26、 and extension of this dialogue tothe various regions and cultures of theworld is a prerequisite to increasing the practical value of consideration of authenticity in the conservation of the common heritage of humankind.6. increasing awareness within the public of this fundamental dimension of herit

27、age is an absolute necessity in order to arrive at concrete measures for safeguarding the vestiges of the past. this means developing greater understanding of the values represented by the cultural properties themselves、 as well as respecting the role such monuments and sites play in contemporary society.appendix iidefinitionsconservation: all efforts designed to understand cultural heritage、 know its history and meaning、 ensure its materialsafeguard and、 as required、 its pre