1、英語口譯筆記速記符號大全一 縮寫詞:abbreviations in note takinguse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. a good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time1symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.s = sumf = fr

2、equencyleave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentuse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismuse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individua

3、lcons = conservativeeliminate final letters. use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro= introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionomit vowels, retain only eno

4、ugh consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentuse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalform the plural of a symbol or abbrevi

5、ated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsuse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingspell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.abbreviations or symbols for short words will m

6、ake the notes too dense with shorthand.leave out unimportant words.leave out the words a and the.if a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. for example, center for aerospace sciences becomes cas thereaft

7、er.use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equal2. use technical symbols where applicable.zb   =   german, for exampleibid   =   latin, the same worko   =&

8、#160;  degreesh2o   =   water more reference: use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. examples: + plus/ parallel use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. examples: eg exampleit dept information technology departmentuk united

9、kingdom use only the first syllable of a word. examples: mar marketingcus customercli client use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individual to distinguish among various forms of the same word, use th

10、e first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. examples: tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informati

11、on omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' examples: custs customersfs frequen

12、cies/s ratios use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. examples: inbutaskey leave out unimportant verbs. examples: iswaswere leave out unnecessary ar

13、ticles. examples: aanthe if a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. example: january advertising campaign budget jacb use symbols for common connective or tr

14、ansition words. examples:  at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. you may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. other symbols and abbreviations as a result of / con

15、sequences of <->resulting in ->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp.縮略詞英語當(dāng)中縮略詞使用的頻率很高，如imp: important, asap: as soon as possible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞，會對考試大有裨益。縮略詞的寫法一般為四種方式：f拿掉所有元音mkt: marketmgr: managermsg: messagestd: standar

16、drcv: receivef保留前幾個字母info informationins insuranceexch exchangei owe you iouin stead of i/of保留開頭和結(jié)尾個發(fā)音字母wk weekrm roompl peoplef根據(jù)發(fā)音r aretho thoughthru through 高級口譯聽力常用英語縮略詞表縮略詞 原詞apt apartmentacc accountantacdg accordingacpt acceptad advertisementads addressadv adviceamap as much/many as possi

17、bleamt amountapv approveasap as soon as possiblebal balancebldg buildingcert certificatecfm conformcncl cancelcnf conferencecmi commissioncmp completecmpe compete/competitivecmu communicationconc concern/concerning/concernedcond conditionco. companydept departmentdisc discountdpt departureexch excha

18、ngeexpln explainext extentflt flightfnt finalfrt freightfyr for your referencegd goodguar guaranteeh.o. home officeinfo informationimps impossibleimp(t) importantincd includeindiv individualins insuranceintst interestedi/o in stead ofiou i owe youivo in view ofmanuf manufacturemdl modelmemo memorand

19、ummgr mangermin minimummkt marketmsg messagencry necessarynlt no later thanobs observeobt obtainord ordinarypat patentpc piecepkg packingpl peoplepls pleaseposn positionposs(bl) possibleprod productqlty qualityquty quantityrcv receiveref referenceregl regularrep representativeresn reservationrpt rep

20、eatrespon responsiblesec sectionsitn situationstd standardtel telephonetemp temporarytgm telegraphtho thoughtks thankstrd tradetrf trafficttl totalu youur yourwk weekwl willwt weightxl extra large字母、圖像 z 表示"人"people/person，因為"z"看上去像個人頭，它通常被寫在一個詞或符號的右上角。例如：日本人：jz。 c 表示政府

21、，統(tǒng)治：government，govern 希臘字母c讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用c來表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示為 cz p 表示政治：politics, political希臘字母p讀/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示為 pz e 表示總數(shù)：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.  e 數(shù)學(xué)符號表示總值。

22、 g 表示效率：efficient, effective。g為效率符號。 q 表示"通貨膨脹"：inflation因為這個符號酷似一個上升的氣球。 a 表示農(nóng)業(yè): agriculture. agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。 b 表示商業(yè)：business。 c× 表示沖突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "c×"中的"×"表示反對，字母"c"將反對的概念縮小為conflict 和 confront

23、ation。 w 表示工作，職業(yè): work, employ 等。它是work的第一個字母。所以wz就可以用來表示worker, 而w(z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工業(yè): industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業(yè)。 u u 看酷似一個酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty, agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會表示"舉杯祝賀"。如果在u內(nèi)填入2××××，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊

24、的）, 填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在u中填入1表示: unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m (multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在u上加一個"/"××××表示談判破裂。 用箭頭、數(shù)學(xué)符號、標(biāo)點符號 箭頭 g 表示到達(dá)、傳達(dá)：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示導(dǎo)致、引導(dǎo)：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示來自于：b

25、e/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch，open, start, etc.表示發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)、推進(jìn)：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.  數(shù)學(xué)符號 + 表示"多": many, lo

26、ts of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示"多"的比較級：more+3 表示"多"的最高級：most 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"錯誤"、"失誤"和"壞"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于&q

27、uot;概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"對手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在.之間"：among, within, etc. 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"無敵"概念：matchless, peerle