初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)深度講解、練習(xí)及答案（一）語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本概念和種類(lèi)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。所以英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由''助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞〃構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。現(xiàn)以teach為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+taught一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+taught一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shallbe+taught現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+taught過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught歌訣是：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是常考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞（三）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的）Thisbookwaspublishedin1981. 這本書(shū)出版于1981年。（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim, 這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed. 每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到（四）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法與注意事項(xiàng)歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后、'過(guò)分〃來(lái)使用。（1）通常的辦法是：將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e/get+過(guò)去分詞”形式，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)（若動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明則可以省略該by短語(yǔ)）。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.fThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.這棵樹(shù)是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.fThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.這些機(jī)器是長(zhǎng)沙造的。（2）將含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則留在原處成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.fThedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天門(mén)被漆成綠色了。注意：表示''使、讓"的動(dòng)詞make,have等，以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,100kat等，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后跟不帶to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須轉(zhuǎn)為帶to不定式。女足Isawabagdropfromthebus.—Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.—Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother’sarms.Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.fHewasseentogointotheteachers,office.看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)入了教師辦公室。（3）帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for留在動(dòng)詞之后；也可將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而直接賓語(yǔ)留在動(dòng)詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.fIwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.這支筆是去年給我的。直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)都可作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。如：Mr.Smithgaveusalecture.fWeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith.或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith.當(dāng)句中含有return,write,find,buy等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常把直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)要注意介詞的搭配。如：Ireturnedhimthebook.fThebookwasreturnedtohim.（注意用to）Hewrotemeashortnote.fAshortnotewaswrittentome.（注意用to）Hefoundmeanumbrella.fAnumbrellawasfoundforme.（注意用for）Iboughthersomeflowers.fSomeflowerswereboughtforher.（注意用for）【說(shuō)明卜般說(shuō)來(lái)間接賓語(yǔ)前帶:o的動(dòng)詞有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw間接賓語(yǔ)前帶for的動(dòng)詞有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,sav等。（4）動(dòng)詞believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人們說(shuō)他在車(chē)禍中受傷了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人們說(shuō)他在車(chē)禍中受傷了。（5）短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她從未動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的計(jì)劃大家都嘲笑。Wecan’tlookdownuponanybody.—Anybodycan’tbelookeddownupon.Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.—Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.（6）動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：即把todo變成tobedone（五）不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.如，Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對(duì)）Thepricehasrisen.（錯(cuò)）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對(duì)）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasraised.（對(duì)）Thepricehasbeenraised.（錯(cuò)）Pleaseseat.（對(duì)）Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。2）動(dòng)詞形式上是被動(dòng)的，但實(shí)際上是“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，一般學(xué)習(xí)方法是靠平時(shí)積累。如：Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。Theboywaslostinthestreet.男孩在街上迷路了。Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt. 這個(gè)女孩穿著紅裙子。Hewasdrunkinthebar.他在酒吧喝醉了。Mydreamisgonewiththewind.我的夢(mèng)隨風(fēng)而去了。3）當(dāng)break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,close等動(dòng)詞有狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thisnewbooksellswell.新書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。Theletterreadsasfollows.信的內(nèi)容如下。Theglasscleanseasily.這些杯子易洗。Thenewcarrunswell.這輛新車(chē)跑得很正常。Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行車(chē)很好騎。Theshoeswearlong.這種鞋子很耐穿。Thepenwritessmoothly.這筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm4）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如，Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.5）系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.6）帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.7）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（對(duì)）Shelikestoswim.（錯(cuò)）Toswimislikedbyher.二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)（1）由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：①主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)；②主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；③主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中by的賓語(yǔ)。（2）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種：①把間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)②把直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，一般需在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(3)在短語(yǔ)seesb.dosth,中，動(dòng)詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是表示知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如see,hear等，以及使役動(dòng)詞make,let等。［小試］用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。TheMid-AutumnFestival(celebrate)inChinaI(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.Booksofthiskind(sell)verywell.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,theroom(paint).Theboy(bringup)inthecountryside.Agoodjobmelastyear.(offer)Key:1.iscelebrated 2.wasasked3.sell4.isbeingpainted5.wasbroughtupwasofferedto初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry..A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold( )8Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )13Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?( )16thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20WheretheseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater( )22Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown( )26Theoldstonebridgenextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazinesinthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot forhotwater.A.used;keeping B.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29TeainthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapotwater.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywereatthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens( )38Thesewallsstone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39JanetosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepaperstothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoathersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42IfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehimhishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboystreetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49Thebike