第二部系統(tǒng)分析大綱階段工作任務(wù)可行性分析擷取系統(tǒng)需求的方法雛型系統(tǒng)法系統(tǒng)需求表達(dá)工具-DFD資料字典處理步驟說明系統(tǒng)分析報(bào)告階段工作任務(wù)初步分析Preliminaryanalysis(又稱可行性分析Feasibilitystudy)目的:1.確認(rèn)問題2.可行性研究產(chǎn)出:可行性分析報(bào)告結(jié)果:如可行性不高則系統(tǒng)發(fā)展提前結(jié)束細(xì)部分析Detailanalysis目的:發(fā)掘使用者需求產(chǎn)出:系統(tǒng)分析報(bào)告結(jié)果:作為系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)階段工作依據(jù)可行性分析報(bào)告大綱應(yīng)包含專案背景(回應(yīng)要求)可行性分析(1.時(shí)效2.預(yù)算3.技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)4.人力5.成本效益)結(jié)論(如專案可行則有4,5)專案開發(fā)時(shí)間表要求對(duì)方配合事項(xiàng)範(fàn)例細(xì)部分析Detailanalysis工作三步驟擷取系統(tǒng)需求2. 將使用者需求用工具紀(jì)錄下來3. 完成一份系統(tǒng)分析報(bào)告送交客戶確認(rèn)(常需要作口頭報(bào)告oralpresentation)擷取系統(tǒng)需求的方法擷取系統(tǒng)需求(fact-finding)的方法有4種閱讀公司文件 -目的是要了解作業(yè)流程 -有制度的公司會(huì)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程與表單 -公司文件不一定與現(xiàn)行作業(yè)方式相同 -小公司也會(huì)有表單才對(duì)

3.問卷 -當(dāng)想接觸了解系統(tǒng)需求的人數(shù)過多時(shí) -優(yōu)點(diǎn)是時(shí)間與成本均較經(jīng)濟(jì),敏感問題容易得到誠實(shí)的答案 -缺點(diǎn)有回收率低,無法經(jīng)由身體語言判斷回答者是否誠實(shí)回答問題,無法即時(shí)追問下去等 -問卷一開始需要有一份說明書,明白點(diǎn)出填寫問卷與受訪者的利害關(guān)係,以提高填卷意願(yuàn) -問題分開放式問題與封閉式問題,前者可得到未預(yù)期的答案然而不利於統(tǒng)計(jì);後者相反,利於統(tǒng)計(jì)但可能限制了回答的內(nèi)容. -一般以封閉式問題為主,開放式問題為輔面談面談(Interview)是擷取系統(tǒng)需求主要手段面談的問題應(yīng)包含系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境背景系統(tǒng)的功能系統(tǒng)的輸出輸入處理步驟等面談的問題仍開放式問題與封閉式問題兩種.但與問卷不同的是一般以開放式問題為主,封閉式問題為輔面談的地點(diǎn)選擇與時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短面談時(shí)應(yīng)暖場(chǎng),問題應(yīng)從簡(jiǎn)易回答的開始

問題本身不應(yīng)有主觀意見沒有評(píng)論也不作承諾面談結(jié)束前應(yīng)對(duì)重要問題答案與被面談?wù)咴僮饕淮尾楹嗣嬲勍赆釕?yīng)立即紀(jì)錄下來,以免混淆作法----用後丟棄.仍以第三代語言開發(fā)----繼續(xù)發(fā)展成完整系統(tǒng).(需體認(rèn)第四代語言的執(zhí)行

效率不佳的事實(shí))紀(jì)錄需求工具常用的紀(jì)錄工具有1.資料流程圖(Dataflowdiagram,DFD)2.處理說明(Processdescription,PD)3.資料字典(Datadictionary,DD)資料流程圖(Dataflowdiagram,DFD)一套以圖形表示系統(tǒng)中資料被處理的過程的流程圖圖例資料流(dataflow)處理步驟(process)資料儲(chǔ)存(datastore)資料終端(提供資料或最後得到資訊的個(gè)人或單位)第二張DFD稱level-0,表示出系統(tǒng)主要的[處理步驟]和主要的[資料儲(chǔ)存],它是一張[摘要性]強(qiáng)的圖,越往下(level-1,level-2…)越清楚詳細(xì)

員工借貸紀(jì)錄1.0計(jì)算基本工資出席紀(jì)錄員工基本工資表2.0計(jì)算實(shí)際支領(lǐng)4.0印製薪津單3.0印製薪資清單薪資清單個(gè)人薪資資料薪津單初步計(jì)算結(jié)果處理說明

(Processdescription,PD)以文字描述DFD圖中處理步驟的細(xì)節(jié)如上圖中編號(hào)[1.0計(jì)算基本工資]的處理說明 1.Gethour-workedofoneemployeefrompersonnel 2.Getthisemployee’sbasicsalaryratefromdatabase 3.Ifthisemployeeisamanagerthenhegetsfixsalary 4.Iftheemployeeisentry-levelworkerthenhissalary=40hour-workedxsalaryrate+(hour-worked-40)xoverworkpayrate 5.Sendouttheresult 6.Processeveryone’srecorduntilendoffile資料字典(Datadictionary,DD)定義資料蒐集過程當(dāng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的專有名詞作為系統(tǒng)發(fā)展工作中的依據(jù)圖例說明 身分證號(hào)碼=縣市碼+性別碼+7個(gè)序號(hào)+1個(gè)檢查號(hào) 基本資料=姓名+性別+身分證號(hào)碼+[配偶姓名]+1{電話號(hào)碼}3

C.dataelementdefinitioncountycodeformat:onecharactervalue(possiblevalue):A-Lmeaning:AstandsforTaipei,value11whilecalculatingRstandsforTainan,value21whilecalculating……

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