書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-六安職業技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問題1選項

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞搭配。句意：這個學生在課堂上繼續惡作劇，盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據動詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項notto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

問題1選項

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項halos“光暈，光環，色圈”；B選項embers“余燼，余火”；C選項ashes“骨灰，灰燼”；D選項fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：當火焰熄滅，（）閃光，是時候收工了。fireisout和embers“余燼，余火”相對應，符合語境。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Thecampershavetomakedowiththeoldequipment.

問題1選項

A.dowithout

B.replace

C.managewith

D.repair

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。makedowith意為“設法應付”；dowithout意為“沒有……也行，將就”；replace意為“替換，代替”；managewith意為“設法對付，用……設法對付”；repair意為“恢復，修理”。

句意：露營者不得不湊合著使用這些舊裝備。

4.單選題

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

問題1選項

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超過”；beside“在……旁邊”；up“在…上方”。句意：我實在無法理解，這份本來很出色的報紙怎么會允許這篇文章被發表出來。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范圍。答案B

5.單選題

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結構。A、B、C、D四個選項中，后面可以直接修飾形容詞的只有D選項however。A選項although“盡管，雖然”，作為連詞可以引導讓步狀語從句，后面接句子，應用到這個句子里面應該是：althoughhemaybedull；B選項whatever“不論什么”，后面應該接名詞；C選項as“盡管，正如”，作為連詞可以引導讓步狀語從句，后面接句子，應用到這個句子里面應該是：dullashemaybe；句意：無論他多么遲鈍，他都是一名當之無愧的成功高層主管人員。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

6.單選題

WalterAnderson___theHoratioAlgerSocietythesameyearIdid.

問題1選項

A.joinstheranksof

B.jointherankof

C.joinedtherankof

D.joinedtheranksof

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.joinstheranksof成為……的一員B.jointherankof加入……的階層

C.joinedtherankof加入了……的階層D.joinedtheranksof成為了……的一員

【考察點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據句意，這個人應該是加入了某個團體組織的成員。所以用ranksof，表示加入了……（團體或組織的成員）。句中thesameyearIdid是一個時間狀語，Idid做時間狀語中的定語，因此該句應該為過去式。所以選D

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后進行搭配。

【句意】沃爾特?安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖?阿爾杰協會。

7.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

問題1選項

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的發電機出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替機械操作。A選項manually手工地；B選項artificially人為地；C選項automatically自動地；D選項synthetically綜合地，A選項符合句意。

8.單選題

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

問題1選項

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾結;displace轉移,取代。句意：自由意志使我們能盡情釋放自己的激情;自由引領我們走向更高的道路，去開啟生命的奧秘。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（

）oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。observation“觀察，監視”；investigation“調查”；inspection“視察，檢查”；examination“考試”。句意：這些學生在第一年教師培訓期的時候，經常去一些當地學校觀摩。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

問題2選項

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

問題3選項

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

問題4選項

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題5選項

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。題干意思是“根據第二段，一個上了年紀的中產階級的男人和一個穿著非常不合常規的年輕人可能無法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因為衣服是社會信息的一個重要來源，我們用它們來操縱人們對我們的印象。我們的外貌在可能發生的互動的最初階段具有特殊的意義。），接著就提到了不管一個人的教育、背景或興趣，一個上了年紀的中產階級男人或女人可能會被一個穿著不合常規的年輕人疏遠；由此可知，造成這種現象的原因就是外貌在可能發生的互動的最初階段具有特殊的意義，如果穿著風格大相徑庭，那么他們就無法進入潛在相互作用的初始階段，因此，D項“進入潛在相互作用的初始階段”正確；A項“理解彼此的生活方式”沒有提到；B項“有相同的背景或興趣”，這個不是造成這種現象的結果；C項“操縱他們對彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人們用衣服來操縱他們對彼此的印象，該項不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者用新聞廣播員的例子來說明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人們傾向于對特定類型的衣服的含義達成一致），這是該段的中心句，接著后面舉了青春期女孩、新聞廣播員和大學生的例子來支持這一觀點，所以C項“我們傾向于對人的衣著有成見”符合題意；A項“某些衣服能給人更多的自信”只是其中一個例子；B項“衣服與一個人的能力無關”，該段表達的中心意思是合適的衣服會顯得一個人有能力的樣子，所以該項不正確；D項“有能力的人穿著傳統”順序翻倒，穿著傳統的人會令人看起來能干，該項也不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“男士職業裝的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在職場中，男性長期以來都有明確的成功先例和榜樣……對服飾的選擇方面，女性的選擇遠遠多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的職業裝應該是模式化，變化少，所以A項“傳統”最符合這個描述；B項“個人主義”和C項“過時”不準確；D項“千篇一律”為干擾項，雖然男性的服裝變化少，但不代表沒變化。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據這篇文章，女性可以如何處理她們的職業裝？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的許多女性都不確定她們應該通過職業裝傳達什么樣的“男性化”和“女性化”特質），后文舉例男性管理者傾向于選擇穿著不那么“女性化”的女性擔任管理崗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性會獲得更長的面試時間但不會獲得工作；由此可以判斷，女性在職業裝方面并沒有明確的風格可以去遵循，B項“他們沒有明確的著裝風格可循”符合題意；A項“他們必須穿著保守”太絕對；C項“他們選擇男性或女性的服裝”表述不準確；D項“他們不能穿非傳統的服裝”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標題是什么？”。文章開頭講述的是著裝能夠給人提供很多的信息，接著就著裝的不同影響展開了論述和舉例，因此A項“著裝和影響”最符合文章的主旨；B項“著裝和個性”、C項“適當的打扮”和D項“著裝和管理”都比較片面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

11.單選題

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely（）

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause（）.

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis（）.

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance（）.

問題1選項

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

問題2選項

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

問題3選項

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

問題4選項

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

問題5選項

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育問題和世界各國的教育差距引出話題，論述了基礎教育的重要性，并將基礎教育與其他教育階段進行對比。文章列舉說明了基礎教育的重要性，強調落后國家應該對基礎教育予以重視。因此，本題選擇A項更為合適。

2.細節事實題。根據原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’，however,remainsinCanada.可知，在工業化國家，半個世紀前基本掃除了文盲；他們只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。說明即使是在加拿大這樣的發達國家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D項“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正確答案。

3.細節事實題。根據原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知，由于傳統和偏見等原因，女孩子不能享受教育資源，繼續學業。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

4.細節事實題。根據原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知，世界銀行的另一項研究表明，投入小學教育的每一美元，其生產率比投入中學教育的每一美元高出50%，是大學高等教育的兩倍。所以對初等教育的投資更有利于掃除文盲。因此，D項表述符合原文內容。故正確答案為D項。

5.細節事實題。根據原文倒數第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知，津巴布韋的小學數量翻了一番，而孟加拉國已經開設了2500多所鄉村小學。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韋和亞洲的孟加拉國都加大了對于基礎教育的投資力度。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

12.單選題

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

問題1選項

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。relegate“降級”；banish“放逐，驅逐”；deport“驅逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令強迫離開某國或某地”。句意：這些非法移民被抓了，并且被當地政府驅逐出境。此句指的是驅逐出境，故C項正確。

13.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個答案會解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會認為自然選擇會傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因為他們會得到更多的關注。

3.因此，有的進化生物學家提出，自然選擇會傾向于所謂的誠實宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應也越來越少，因為她們開始懷疑哭聲的真實性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進化出來的。”

14.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔這份工作是因為他擁有的工作經驗最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項“隨意地”符合句意。

15.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis

1.______

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof

2.______

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof

3.______

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis

4.______

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery

5.______

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered

6.______

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies

7.______

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants

8.______

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe

9.______

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding

10.______

outagaintothesuburbs.

【答案】1.∧newone→a

2.filling→filled

3.though→/

4.This→What

5.was→were

6.dissimilar→similar

7.lies→lie

8.that→which

9.it→them

10.late→later

【解析】1.考查不定冠詞使用。根據句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.（一些城市已經失去了原來的目標，而且還沒有找到新的目標）可知，new前面缺少不定冠詞a表示泛指某物。

2.考查非謂語動詞。根據句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知，非謂語動詞fill和who之間屬于邏輯動賓關系，所以fill需要用過去分詞來表示被動意義。

3.考查比較狀語從句。根據句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.（在孟買或巴西利亞的邊緣，也有一些落后的城鎮，就如在17世紀的倫敦或19世紀早期的巴黎邊緣一樣）可知，seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis（17世紀的倫敦或19世紀早期的巴黎邊緣）這里屬于現在的情況與過去的情況進行對比，故不應該用justasthough（就像）引導虛擬語氣，所以要刪除“though”來表示一種比較。

4.考查句子結構。根據句子Thisisnewisthescale可知，句子中有兩個系動詞，所以需要把this替換成一個可以充當主語并且引導句子的關系代詞來使句子結構合理，所以講this改為what。

5.考查主謂一致。根據關鍵詞contrasts（反差）可知，這是復數，后置定語中的be動詞應該也用復數形式，所以was要改為were。

6.考查句意。根據關鍵詞thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions（貧困人口仍有數百萬）可知墨西哥城現在的情況與過去是類似的，所以應該把dissimilar（不同的）改成similar（相似的）。

7.考查單復數一致。根據句子butbehinditliestwomyths（但在這背后有兩個神話）可知，這里是完全倒裝，真正的主語是twomyths，所以lie應該用復數形式；故將lies改為lie。

8.考查非限制性定語從句。根據關鍵詞that前面的逗號可知，這里是一個非限制性定語從句，that不可以引導非限制性定語從句，所以應該把that改為which。

9.考查代詞。根據關鍵詞immigrants（移民）可知，這里應該用第三人稱的復數形式them表示，所以應該將it改為them。

10.考查副詞。根據句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.（城市神話是應許之地，吸引了來自貧困農村的移民，讓他們涌入城市中心；而鄉村神話是伊甸園，幾代人之后，又讓他們涌向郊區）可知，afewgenerations(幾代人）、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”與floodingoutagaintothesuburbs（再次涌出郊區）這里對應，指代“幾代人之后涌出郊區”，所以應該將late（晚，遲）改為later（后來，隨后）。

16.單選題

Ifyouhaveanyquestionorwanttofurtheryourreading,youcanturntothe（）forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject.

問題1選項

A.bibliography

B.biography

C.catalog

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bibliography“參考書目；文獻目錄”；B選項biography“傳記；檔案”；C選項catalog“目錄；登記”；D選項category“種類；分類”。句意：如果你有任何問題，或想深化閱讀，可以翻閱……獲得書中的材料的來源和相同主題的參考書。根據提示詞turnto“翻到”，和后面的forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject“獲得書中的材料的來源和相同主題的參考書”。通常文章會將所有引用過的文獻記錄在文獻目錄里。因此A選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.

問題1選項

A.formally

B.publicly

C.spontaneously

D.willfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公眾名義”；spontaneously“自發地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固執地”。根句意‘我們很難區分有頌袖氣質是人（

）做出的事情還是那些為了做樣子而故意策劃出事情。’可知空格處所填詞要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect為了做樣子而故意策劃”對應，所以C選項“自發地”正確。

18.單選題

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

問題1選項

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干invalidate“使無效，使作廢”。A項“摧毀，破壞”，B項“抨擊，痛罵”，C項“授權”，D項“加強，增強”。因此選A。句意：幾乎沒有或什么也沒有得到的親戚聲稱，死者在簽署文件時精神不正常，遺囑無效。

19.單選題

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問題1選項

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invariably“總是，不變地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“無污點的”。前半句提到“由于老師與學生共事”，因此“心理學課程是教師培訓必不可少的”，選項B符合題意。

20.翻譯題

TheSupremeCourtisthehighestcourtoftheUnitedStates,andtheonlyonespecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.AdecisionoftheSupremeCourtcannotbeappealedtoanyothercourt.TheSupremeCourthasoriginaljurisdictioninonlytwokindsofcases:thoseinvolvingforeigndignitariesandthoseinwhichastateisaparty.AllothercasesreachtheCourtonappealfromlowercourts.AsignificantamountoftheworkoftheSupremeCourtconsistsofdeterminingwhetherlegislationorexecutiveactsconformtotheConstitution.ThispowerofjudicialreviewisdoctrineinferredbytheCourtfromitsreadingoftheConstitution,andforcefullystatedinthelandmarkMarburyvs.Madisoncaseof1803.Thedoctrinehasalsobeenextendedtocovertheactivitiesofstateandlocalgovernments.

【答案】參考譯文：