書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工程大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Theheroofthebook,Charles,isaconventionalnineteenth-centurygentleman;theheroineSarah,______byherlover,isa“fallenwoman”,whomCharlestriestohelp.

問題1選項

A.tobediscarded

B.tohavebeenabandoned

C.havingcastaway

D.havingbeendeserted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tobediscarded被拋棄B.tohavebeenabandoned被遺棄

C.havingcastaway丟掉D.havingbeendeserted被拋棄

【考查點】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】分析句子結構可知，空格處為非謂語動詞做定語修飾theheroineSarah（女主人公莎拉），通過介詞by可知，此處表示被動，結合選項可知是表示“拋棄”，desert強調“違背允諾、誓言或責任”違，尤其指“背叛、擅離職守”，所以D項符合。

【干擾項排除】

A項discard強調拋棄、丟棄無用的事物或永遠放棄某個信念；

B項abandon強調完全、永遠地遺棄，尤其指遺棄以前負有責任的人或物；

C項為主動語態，且castaway（丟掉）不符合句意。

【句意】書中的主人公查爾斯是一位傳統的19世紀紳士；被愛人拋棄的女主人公莎拉是一個“墮落的女人”，查爾斯試圖幫助她。

2.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

問題1選項

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

問題2選項

A.puttingtheirideasinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

問題3選項

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials

問題4選項

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

問題5選項

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想讓寫作成為思考的工具，你必須先學會創作，然后再修改。所以作者說二者不能并行的意思是不能同時使用，選項D正確。

2.細節事實題。根據第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飛快的寫作過程中修改可能是我們大多數人遇到的最大障礙。選項B符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”當文字開始流暢起來時，想法也會從陰影中浮現出來，并呈現于記事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步寫作的主要目的是將想法記錄下來，選項C符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能，你會認為這比你實際擁有的時間要長，而且隨著最后期限的臨近，你最終會茫然地盯著這一頁。由此可推斷，對自由寫作的擔憂是寫作的人對自由寫作的擔憂是之后的編輯時間太長，選項B符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據第五段的內容，不要盯著空白的屏幕，用文字來填滿它，無論這些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的時間的一半，停下來，把你之前的寫作重寫成更接近成品的東西。反復修改，直到時間耗盡，最終的結果很可能比之前的練習要好得多。由此可知，批判性思維能夠幫助寫作更加完善。選項A正確。

3.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Para.2,Line6)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Para.3,Line4)issynonymouswith（）.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節事實題。文章第一段說到了原因“Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear…”，不僅汽車產量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，這就是原因。B選項“超過四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛車”由“morethanaquarterhavetwoeach”得出。

第2題:2.細節事實題。本題要求找出“一千萬美國人發現自己的健康狀況很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句說到“Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor”，長期失業應被視為主要因素，C選項正確。

第3題:3.詞義推測題。第二段是在說造成一千萬美國人健康狀況糟糕的原因，且說到失業是主要因素，關鍵詞所處句子只是個例子，為了說明上一句中“十分之九的失業是由工業和農業領域的自動化造成的”，說明thedisplaced就是指由自動化導致失業的人。A選項正確。

第4題:4.詞義推測題。該詞出現在第三段第三句中“AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram”，本句表示“根據《社會保障法》，貧困線以下的家庭……從特別福利計劃中獲得福利”，既然是《社會保障法》中的條款，則保障的對象應為貧困線以下的家庭，及這些家庭是“有資格的”，D選項worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合適。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。本題問的是美國人比大多數其他國家人生活更好的原因，這一結論出現在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句給出了原因“socialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline”，社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的衣食住行問題，D選項“社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的問題”符合文意。

4.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查固定詞組的含義,四個選項中,snatchup奪取,搶奪;catchon理解,多用于口語中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警覺,小心。句意：約翰說他不是很理解,讓我再重復一遍說過的話。因此,本題選B。

5.單選題

JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret,andflewalldayina“Dragonfly”'aircraft;anditwasaveryinstructivedayforher.ThemachinedidnotgodirectlytoCloncurry,butflewtoandforacrossthewastesofCentralAustralia,depositingsmallbagsofmailatcattlestationsandpickingupcattle-menandtravelerstodropthemoffafterahundredorahundredandfiftymiles.Theylandedeightortentimesinthecourseoftheday,atplaceslikeAmmarooandHatchesCreekandmanyotherstations;ateachplacetheywouldgetoutoftheplaneanddrinkacupofteaandhaveatalkwiththestationmanagerorowner,andgetbackintotheplaneandgoontheirway.BytheendofthedayJeanPagetknewexactlywhatacattlestationlookedlike,andshewasbeginningtohaveaverygoodideaofwhatwentonthere.

TheygottoCloncurryintheevening,afairlyextensivetownonarailwaythatraneastwardtotheseaatTownsville.HereshewasinQueensland,andsheheardforthefirsttimetheslowdeliberatespeechoftheQueenslandthatremindedheratonceofherfriendJoeHarman.ShewasdrivenintotowninaveryoldopencaranddepositedatthePostOfficeHotel;shegotabedroombutteawasover,andshehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal.Cloncurry,shefound,hadnoneofthecleanattractivenessofAliceSprings;itwasatownwhichsmeltofcattle,withwidestreetsthroughwhichtodrivethemdowntothestockyard,manyhotels,andafewshops.Allthehouseswereofwoodwithred-paintedironroofs;thehotelshadtwofloors,butveryfewoftheotherhouseshadmorethanone.

Shehadtospendadayhere,becausetheairservicetoNormantonandWillstownranweeklyonaWednesday.Shewentoutafterbreakfastwhiletheairwasstillcoolandwalkedinonedirectionupthehugemainstreetforhalfamiletillshecametotheendofthetown,thencamebackandwalkeddownitaquarterofamiletillshecametotheotherend.Thenshewentandhadalookattherailwaystation,and,havingseentheairfield,withthatshehadseenalltherewastoseeinCloncurry.Shelookedinatashopthatsoldtoysandnewspapers,buttheyweresoldoutofallreadingmatterexceptafewbooksaboutdress-making;asthedaywasstartingtowarmupshewentbacktothehotel.ShemanagedtoborrowacopyoftheAustralianWomen’sWeeklyfromthemanageressofthehotelandtookittoherroom,andtookoffmostofherclothesandlaydownonherbedtosweatitoutduringtheheatoftheday.MostoftheothercitizensofCloncurryseemedtobedoingthesamething.

Shefeltlikemovingagainshortlybeforeteaandhadashower,andwentouttothecaféforanice.Weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”shesatinafoldingchairforalittleoutsideinthecooloftheevening,andwenttobedagainatabouteighto’clock.Shewascalledbeforedaybreak,andwasoutattheairfieldwiththefirstlight.

1.WhenJeanhadtoleaveAliceSprings,she（）.

2.HowdidJeangetsomeideaofAustraliancattlestation?

3.Jean'smaincomplaintaboutCloncurryincomparisonwithAliceSprings,was（）.

4.ForhereveningmealontheseconddayJeanhad（）.

5.JeanleftCloncurry（）.

問題1選項

A.wishedshecouldhavestayedlodger

B.regrettedshehaddecidedtofly

C.wasn'tlookingforwardtoflyingallday

D.wishedithadnotbeenaMondaymorning

問題2選項

A.Shelearntaboutthematfirsthand.

B.Shelearntaboutthemfromfriends.

C.Shevisitedthemweekly.

D.Shestayedononeforaweek.

問題3選項

A.thewidthofthemainstreet

B.thepoorserviceatthehotel

C.thepoor-lookingbuildings

D.thesmellofcows

問題4選項

A.onlyanice-cream

B.alotofcookedfood

C.somecoldbeer

D.acooling,butnon-alcoholicdrink

問題5選項

A.earlyonWednesdaymorning

B.lateonTuesdayevening

C.afterbreakfastonTuesday

D.beforebreakfastonTuesday

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段第一句話提到JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret（瓊在星期一早上帶著遺憾離開了愛麗絲泉），所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:從文章全篇可以知道瓊是自己親自去了那個地方，所以是親身經歷，選項A符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段提到瓊住進了一個郵局旅館，但是當她到的時候已經不提供茶點了，她必須去滿是灰塵的大街上去找咖啡館吃晚餐（shehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal），所以她主要抱怨的是郵局旅館的服務，選項B符合題意。

第4題:文章最后一段提到weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”…，可知瓊吃了豐盛的一餐。選項B符合題意。

第5題:文章提到瓊在周一早晨離開了愛麗絲泉，晚上到了克朗克里，又在克朗克里過了一天，周三早上離開。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

問題1選項

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

問題2選項

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

問題3選項

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

問題4選項

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

問題5選項

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希臘詞phannakon的字面意思是為了強調希臘醫學的原始性質。選項D符合原文。

第2題:根據關鍵詞“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”選項B符合原文。

第3題:試題分析：第五段中說到公元前七世紀的希臘人認為，醫生對于疾病必須要從科學框架內的身體病因與超自然因素等方面去考慮，也就是比較全面的方法。所以A選項正確。

第4題:根據第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，選項A符合原文。

第5題:根據最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，盡管醫學取得了巨大的進步，許多最新添加到藥柜貨架上的現代藥物都是偶然發現的。選項D符合原文。

7.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語境。根據Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒有像氣候模型預測的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發表的一項新研究表明，小型火山爆發可能是全球變暖速度沒有跟上之前預測的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結構和語法。空格處應該填入一個形容詞。選項中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結構和語法。空格處應該填入一個程度副詞修飾little表示“相當小”。根據句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒有顯示出相當小的變暖跡象），可知應該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結構和語法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應該填入一個單數名詞，選項里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒有任何計算機模型計算，也有明確的信號表明，這些早期的火山活動對溫度和大氣反射的陽光產生了影響。

70.

考查句子結構和語態。根據hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個被動語態，需要填動詞的過去分詞，選項里面只有ignored是過去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應在很大程度上一直被氣候科學家所忽視。

8.單選題

Theblackcloudsofgatheringthunderstormlookquite（

）.

問題1選項

A.ominous

B.negligible

C.overcast

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】ominous預兆的，不吉利的；negligible微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast愁悶的，陰暗的；obscure昏暗的，晦澀的，不清楚的。句意：烏云密布的雷暴看起來很不吉利。選項A更符合語境。

9.單選題

Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkcoherently.

問題1選項

A.honestly

B.appropriately

C.intelligibly

D.flexibly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項honestlyadv.真誠地，公正地；B選項appropriatelyadv.適當地，恰當地；C選項intelligiblyadv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D選項flexiblyadv.靈活地，柔軟地。句意：他意識到自從自己說話不能保持前后一致開始，他已經失去了自己的聽眾。因此，C項為正確答案。

10.單選題

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseo