書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-四川大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Itwasascenethatwouldstayforeverinhismind:thefatherholdinghissonabovethewater,himselfslowly（）inthelake,desperatelyawaitingrescue.

問題1選項

A.overstepped

B.overflowed

C.subjected

D.submerged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項overstepped“逾越；超越”；B選項overflowed“溢出”；C選項subjected“使遭受；使從屬”；D選項submerged“淹沒；沉浸”。句意：這一幕將永遠停留在他心中：父親托舉兒子露出水面，自己卻慢慢……于湖水中，絕望地等待救援。由關鍵信息abovethewater“在水面上”可以知道父親的身體正淹沒在水中。因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項occasionally“偶爾，間或”；B選項simultaneously“同時”；C選項eventually“最后，終于”；D選項promptly“迅速地，立即地”。句意：海倫打字時，習慣_____停下來梳理一下她那飄逸的長發。這里表示的是“偶爾停下來”，因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

問題1選項

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

問題2選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

問題3選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

問題4選項

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“作者在第一段中認為教育在貧窮國家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“傳統觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經濟快速發展的最高優先事項之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知貧窮國家教育的重要性被高估了，因此選項B符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“日本和美國勞動力的一個主要區別是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明豐田、尼桑和本田位于美國的工廠的生產率大約是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推測出日本的生產率比美國的要高，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是“作者引用我們祖先的例子來說明教育的出現……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“我們懷疑，即使政府不強迫，持續的經濟增長也會促進教育的發展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；當我們的祖先還在狩獵和采集的時候，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出現，是因為不需要去擔心食物的問題，選項B“人們不再挨餓”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章最后一段可知教育的發展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到隨著教育的進步，人類的生產潛力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),選項A“伴隨生產力的提升”符合題意。

4.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereis|oneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

GhostshipsAutonomouscargovesselscouldsetsailwithoutacrewunderthewatchfuleyeofcaptainsinshore-basedsimulators

Militarydronesalreadyflyfrequentmissionsandcivilianoperationsusingunmannedaircraftarecoming.Driverlesscarsareclockingupthousandsoftestmiles.(41)Indeed,themaritimeindustryhasstartedtothinkaboutwhatwouldberequiredtolaunchalatter-dayMarieCdeste.

(42)Thebridgesofsomemodernvesselsarenowmorelikelytocontaincomputerscreensandjoysticksthanenginetelegraphsandagiantship’swheel.ThelatestsupplyshipsservingtheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheNorthSea,forinstance,usedynamicpositioningsystemswhichcollectdatafromsatellites,gyrocompasses,andwindandmotionsensorstoautomaticallyholdtheirpositionwhentransferringcargo(alsodonebyremotecontrol)toandfromplatforms,evenintheheaviestofswells.

(43)Asintheairandontheroad,robustcontrolsystemswillbeneededtoconformtoexistingregulations.

Themaritimeindustryisinterestedincrewlessshipsfortworeasons.Thefirstissafety.Mostaccidentsatseaaretheresultofhumanerror,justastheyareincarsandplanes.(44)

Thesecondreasonis,ofcourse,cost.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttosignupcompetentcrewpreparedtospendmonthsawayatsea.Moreover,somevoyagesarelikelytogetevenlongerforshipscarryingnon-urgentcargo.Bysomeaccounts,a30%reductioninspeedbyabulkcarriercansavearound50%infuel.(45)Removingthecrew,though,alsoremovestheneedfortheiraccommodationanditsassociatedequipment,likeheatingandplumbing.Andthatprovidesroomtocarrymorecargo.

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.

【答案】41.C

42.A

43.F

44.B

45.E

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.A.像飛機和汽車一樣，船舶越來越多地由電子系統控制，這使得自動化更容易。

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.B.因此，如果人工操作員被先進的傳感器和計算機系統取代，自動駕駛船舶理論上應該會使航運更安全。

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?C.那么，為什么不讓遙控船只在沒有船員的情況下啟航呢？

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.D.類似的東西也被提議用于自主民用無人機，讓地面飛行員對通信和空中交通管制指令做出反應，就像他們在駕駛艙里一樣。

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.E.這意味著減速航行可以大幅節省燃料成本，但這將以增加船員在這些長途航行中的支出為代價，包括工資和船上所需的“酒店”設施。

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.F.然而，就像無人駕駛飛機和無人駕駛汽車一樣，在無人駕駛船舶起航之前，需要克服的與其說是技術挑戰，不如說是監管和安全方面的擔憂。

41.前一句提到“無人駕駛汽車的測試里程已達數千英里”，后一句說到“海運業已經開始考慮建造現代的船舶需要什么條件”，從中可以推測，空格這一句應該是問無人駕駛的船舶，C項正確。

42.該段第二句提到“現在，一些現代船只的船橋上更有可能裝有電腦屏幕和操縱桿，而不是發動機電報和巨型輪船的輪子”，并且后面用北海海上石油和天然氣行業服務的船舶舉例，來描述船舶上的電子系統控制，所以該段第一句與電子系統控制有關，故A項正確。

43.根據該段第二句“就像在空中和道路上一樣，魯棒控制系統將需要符合現有法規（existingregulations）”，可知這一段與上一段是轉折關系，這一段描寫的是無人駕駛船舶將遇到的一些問題，F項正確。

44.該段講的是海運業對無船員船舶感興趣的其中一個原因，即安全，所以最后一句也是對安全的描述，只有B項符合。

45.該段講的是海運業對無船員船舶感興趣的另外一個原因，即成本，所以該段都是對成本的闡述，E項正確。

5.單選題

Hardlyadaygoesby（

）Iwritetomyfamily.

問題1選項

A.when

B.since

C.but

D.before

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我幾乎每天都跟家人寫信。

語法題。But在這里為關系詞,相當于that+not。

6.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細節題。女士提議說待會去打網球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場上見)。

7.單選題

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

問題1選項

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

問題2選項

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

問題3選項

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

問題4選項

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

問題5選項

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干關鍵詞theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻譯為：這種不斷增加的損失已讓政府和企業為開發與災難預測相關的技術提供了更多的資金，且已帶來對預測信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D選項“更多資金去支持預測研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻譯為：例如，在1992年安德魯颶風發生前，很多保險公司專家認為工業可能的最嚴重損失將至多80億美元。而安德魯颶風所造成的被估計大約為170億美元的損失卻打破了這些看法。可推斷出C項“90億美元”正確。

3.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻譯為：這種期望是，產生的消息將讓該行業（即保險業）有更可靠的基礎去決策未來災害的風險。可知答案為B項“公司可能因此對未來風險有更好的了解”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。根據題干關鍵詞tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻譯為：颶風、龍卷風、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明了……可以判斷出該單詞為“海嘯”，因此B項“一系列巨大且破壞性的波浪，通常是海底大地震導致的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干可定位到原文第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻譯為：颶風、龍卷風、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明，有效利用災害預測不僅需要先進的技術，而且需要社會考慮預測的整個過程——預測、通信和信息的使用。可知答案為D“應該改進技術，考慮預測的三個階段”。

8.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進入的”。句意：醫生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術很感興趣。A項符合題意。

9.單選題

Itiswrongto（）anyoneofthecandidatesatthemoment，foroneofthemmightturnouttobeadarkhorseinthegeneralelection.

問題1選項

A.deny

B.outshine

C.belittle

D.grudge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deny“否認”；outshine“相形見絀”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；grudge“懷恨，吝惜”。句意：現在輕視任何一個候選人都是不正確的，因為他們中的任何一個都有可能在選舉中成為一匹黑馬。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Andemployers,whoassumedthatwomen’s“real”aspirationwereformarriageandfamilylife,declinedtopaywomenwagescommensuratewiththoseofmen.

問題1選項

A.comparable

B.inappropriate

C.identifiable

D.proportionate

【答案】D

【解析】句中說到，雇主們認為女性“真正”渴望的是婚姻和家庭生活，因此拒絕向女性支付與男性……的工資。這里存在與男性薪酬相比較的問題。A選項comparable“類似的；相當的”，由于本句描述的是群體間薪酬，因此不符合句意；B選項inappropriate“不適當的；不相稱的”，與句意相反；C選項identifiable“可辨認的”不符合句意；D選項proportionate“成比例的；相稱的”，符合題意。

11.單選題

Itis______whodecideswhethertheaccusedisinnocentorguilty.

問題1選項

A.thejuryandonlyjury

B.thejuryandonlythejury

C.onlythejuryandjury

D.thejuryandtheonlyjury

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。原句是一個強調句，意思是“陪審團，也只有陪審團才能決定被起訴的人是否有罪。”此處，“陪審團”應該是特指的，在結構上應為thejury。形容詞only修飾一個特指的名詞，可以放在定冠詞之前，此處，構成onlythejury，意為“只有陪審團”；也可以放在定冠詞之后，此處，構成theonlyjury，意為“那唯一的陪審團”。從結構上講，只有B選項和D選項符合上述要求；從意義上講，B選項（陪審團，只有陪審團）才符合句義，因為在法律上，只要組織了陪審團，就有資格參與審判，而不論“這個”還是“那個”。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas（

）thequalityoftheprogram.

問題1選項

A.lessened

B.declined

C.affected

D.effected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。lessen“使……變小”；decline“下降，衰落”；affect“影響，感染”；effect“發生，引起”。句意：評論家們認為，鋪天蓋地的電視廣告已經影響了節目的質量。根據句意可知C項正確，答案C

13.單選題

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

問題1選項

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項insuperable“不能克服的，無敵的”；B選項gawky“笨拙的，魯鈍的”；C選項preachy“愛講道的，愛嘮叨的”；D選項conceited“自負的，狂想的，逞能的”。句意：他傲慢自大，自以為是。Brash“無禮的，傲慢的，倉促的，性急的”，D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto.journalistandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsorjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresent,thetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodern.Westernsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral（）

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview（）

4.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicinterview?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）

問題1選項

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalism

B.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceto.journalisticinterviewing

C.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項

A.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

C.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

D.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

問題4選項

A.Thepsychologist.

B.Thephysician.

C.Thejournalist.

D.Thepatient.

問題5選項

A.anewsarticle

B.apreface

C.aresearchreport

D.ajournalisticinterview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據第一段的最后兩句“Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.”正如我們所知，在新聞領域和在其他領域一樣，可以從對專業實踐的系統研究中學到很多東西。這樣的研究匯集了證據，從中可以發展出廣泛而普遍的原則。所以第一段主要是說要重視對新聞采訪的系統研究。選項C符合原文。

第2題:根據第二段“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.”不幸的是，大量關于采訪的一般文獻很少關注新聞采訪。選項A符合原文。

第3題:根據第二段“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelev