1、專題十六 讀后續寫高考英語 浙江專用考點清單清單一續寫中常用的話題詞匯一、描寫天氣二、人物外貌描寫 三、人物性格特征描寫清單二故事敘述佳句一、天氣場景1.The clear sky is as blue as the calm sea.晴空萬里,天藍得像平靜的大海。2.Today it is fine. The sky is cloudlessly blue.今天是個碧空如洗的好天氣。3.It is a stormy night when they went out.他們出去的時候是一個暴風雪的晚上。4.It was freezing cold and whats worse was that

2、 they lost their way.天氣極冷,而更糟糕的是他們迷路了。二、人物情感和心理1.A sense of joy and happiness suddenly went through him.突然一陣喜悅和幸福涌遍他的全身。2.The boy was too shocked to speak a word out.那個男孩震驚得說不出話來。3.Nothing was more frustrating than freezing up during an important test, when you knew all the answers but you couldnt w

3、rite down a single word.沒有什么比在一次重要的考試中自己發蒙更令人沮喪的了,你知道所有的答案,卻一個字也寫不出來。4.He was wild with joy when he finished the task on time.按時完成了任務,他狂喜無比。三、外出和地理描寫1.It was a busy season for tourism and people were everywhere.那是一個旅游旺季,到處都是人。2.The place was really a feast to the eye.那地方真讓人大飽眼福。3.The lake was a year

4、-round paradise for the fishermen.那個湖是釣魚者一年四季的天堂。4.China has green hills and clear water and is full of beautiful scenery.中國山清水秀,風景美麗。5.Travelling can enrich your knowledge.旅游可以豐富你的知識。6.It was an unforgettable experience.那是一次令人難忘的經歷。清單三故事敘述常用的過渡性詞語故事的敘述經常會有上下文的銜接,此時就需要過渡性詞語。過渡性詞語的使用也是寫作技巧的重要表現。過渡性詞語

5、可使句與句、段與段之間自然過渡和銜接;可使句子結構對稱,文章層次分明;還可增加文章的連貫性、邏輯性和可讀性,從而有效提高分數。考生首先應認識到過渡性詞語的重要性,這是增強寫作題邏輯性的第一步。過渡性詞語有各自不同的邏輯性,因此可從不同的邏輯角度將其分類匯總。時間關系at first, in the beginning, then, finally, at last, in the end, first, second, last, immediately, suddenly, soon, before long, when, as, before, after, as soon as空間關系o

6、n the right/left, in(the)front of, at the back of, next to, here, there, where并列關系both.and.,not only.but also.,either.or.,nei-ther.nor.,and, also, too, as well as, or對稱關系on the one hand, on the other hand;for one thing, for another thing;not.but.對比關系while, on the contrary遞進關系even, whats more, beside

7、s, whats worse, to make things worse, worse still轉折關系but, however, or, otherwise, or else因果關系as, because, since, thanks to, as a result of讓步關系though, as, even if/though, no matter wh-, whether插入語I think, I believe, as far as I know, as we all know清單四續寫易錯分析讀后續寫是一種全新的題目,對考生來說還是比較生疏,因此出錯也比較多。從全省三次考試的平均

8、分來看,只有不到10分,得分率遠遠低于其他題目。因此,分析錯誤,對癥下藥就很重要。一、續寫和原文在邏輯上不一致續寫最重要的要求之一就是續寫后的文章和原文應邏輯一致?？忌菀自诶m寫故事時忽視邏輯性,使文章顯得前后不連貫。主要失誤表現在下面幾個方面:文章內容混亂,布局不合理;文章沒有緊扣主題,要點不全面;人稱和時態混亂。二、續寫段落之間沒有一致性和連貫性所謂一致性就是說,一篇文章必須討論一個中心思想,服務于一個目的。根據一致性的原則,文章中所有細節都要與主旨句直接有關,要有利于說明中心思想。任何與主題無關,或者說服力不強的內容,都必須舍棄,否則會使讀者迷惑不解,而有損于作者意圖的表達。同時,段落之

9、間還必須具有連貫性。也就是說,在段落中,各句子的安排必須符合一定的順序和條理,句子與句子之間銜接要緊密,過渡要流暢。組合句子要注意一點,即必須把用于展開中心思想的各個句子按關系的緊密程度進行配置,以便體現思想的發展層次。段落中各句間的關系,可以通過位置表現得十分清楚,使讀起來意思連貫,條理清晰。例如:The world is made up of matter. Everything in the world is matter. Iron is a kind of matter.在這三個句子中, The world is made up of matter.表現中心思想,關鍵詞是matter

10、,第二、三句圍繞它來寫,分別舉出了由一般到具體的事實。另外,這三句話的位置可以更換,寫成:Iron is a kind of matter. Everything in the world is matter. The world is made up of matter. 位置的更換反映了人們認識事物、揭示事物本質的兩種不同的思維方法。后者用的是“歸納法”,是從具體到一般的推理方法;前者用的是“演繹法”,是從一般到具體的推理方法。人們在日常生活中,在不同的場合可以交替使用這兩種方法。它們沒有優劣之分,要視情況加以選擇。三、語言基礎知識不扎實語言基礎知識不扎實,具體表現為:(1)單詞拼寫錯誤太

11、多。拼寫錯誤過多容易給人留下不好的印象,影響文章的得分。(2)動詞用法錯誤多,時態、語態用法混亂,主謂不一致。(3)名詞單復數及冠詞使用錯誤。(4)詞性混亂。如:Live happy.此處應用副詞happily修飾動詞。(5)使用不熟悉的高級用法導致的錯誤。(6)固定句式錯誤。如:I will appreciate you if you help me to solve this problem.正確的表達應該是:I would appreciate it if you help me to solve this problem.(7)粗心導致的錯誤。如:With the competitio

12、n drawing near,I feel helpness.該考生把helpless(無助的)錯寫成了helpness。在寫作表達上,要用一些高級詞匯,同時也要靈活地使用一些固定句型。從評分標準看,適當地運用高級詞匯和句型對提升書面表達的檔次至關重要。“亮點詞匯”并不等于偏詞、怪詞,而是一些生動、具體、形象的詞語。在寫作過程中考生應準確得體地使用它們。如:My teacher encouraged me.改成It was my teacher who encouraged me.會更好;I am delighted now.改成How delighted I am now!會更好?？忌陂喿x

13、時要注意積累富有表達力的詞匯。在表達相同的意思時,表達方式的變換顯得尤為重要,選擇使用恰當的同義詞或詞組可反映出考生較強的英語語言運用能力,同時也避免讓人感到單調和乏味。清單五續寫考查標準考試說明提供了讀后續寫的評分標準。這既是評分的標準,也是我們平時練習時的參考標準。我們在備考寫作時,應該時刻牢記評分標準,并根據評分標準的要求去練習。一、評分原則1.本題總分為25分,按5個檔次給分。2.評分時,先根據所續寫短文的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次,然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次,最后給分。3.詞數少于130的,從總分中減去2分。4.評分時,應主要從以下四個方面考慮:(1)與所給短文及段落

14、開頭語的銜接程度;(2)內容的豐富性和對所標出關鍵詞語的應用情況;(3)應用語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性;(4)上下文的連貫性。5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面,評分時,應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。6.如書寫較差以致影響交際,可將分數降低一個檔次。二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求檔次描述第五檔(2125)與所給短文融洽度高,與所提供各段落開頭語銜接合理。內容豐富,應用了5個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語。所使用語法結構和詞匯豐富、準確,可能有些許錯誤,但完全不影響意義表達。有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使所續寫短文結構緊湊。第四檔(1620)與所給短文融洽度較高,與所提供各段落開頭語銜接

15、較為合理。內容比較豐富,應用了5個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語。所使用語法結構和詞匯較為豐富、準確,可能有些許錯誤,但不影響意義表達。比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使所續寫短文結構緊湊。第三檔(1115)與所給短文關系較為密切,與所提供各段落開頭語有一定程度的銜接。寫出了若干有關內容,應用了4個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語。應用的語法結構和詞匯能滿足任務的要求,雖有一些錯誤,但不影響意義表達。應用簡單的語句間連接成分,使全文內容連貫。第二檔(610)與所給短文有一定的關系,與所提供各段落開頭語有一定程度的銜接。寫出了一些有關內容,應用了3個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語。語法結構單調,詞匯項目有限,有些

16、語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤,影響了意義的表達。較少使用語句間的連接成分,全文內容缺少連貫性。第一檔(15)與所提供短文和開頭語的銜接較差。產出內容太少,很少使用短文中標出的關鍵詞語。語法結構單調,詞匯項目很有限,有較多語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤,嚴重影響了意義的表達。缺乏語句間的連接成分,全文內容不連貫。0白卷、內容太少無法評判或所寫內容與所提供內容無關。1.準確理解原文讀后續寫是讀寫結合的綜合性考查。續寫是讀后基礎上的寫作,所寫的內容要和原文中觀點、邏輯、結構、用詞等方面保持一致。因此,讀懂原文很關鍵。讀懂文章不僅是讀懂文字,而且要讀懂字里行間作者的態度、情感。要準確把握作者敘述故事的主觀目的:

17、作者敘述這個故事的目的是什么?敘述故事的方式是什么?是通過時間發展還是以人物的活動為線索?作者想通過這個故事達到什么目的?作者對故事的主人公的態度是褒還是貶?作者希望主人公的結局是什么?只有讀懂文章,把握了這些要素,才能寫出合理的好結尾。方法技巧例(2017.11浙江高考)A Vacation with My MotherI had an interesting childhood. It was filled with surprises and amusements, all because of my motherloving, sweet, yet absent-minded and

18、forgetful. One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. As the first day of our trip approached, Dav

19、id, my eight-year-old brother, and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends. Who knew if wed ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again

20、 two hours later after wed returned home to get the purse and travelers checks Mom had forgotten.David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept:“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨)while I go, and Ill stand outside the door and

21、 play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind:“Honey, where are the kids?” “What?! Oh, Gosh.I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we werent about to take any chances.On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a

22、 hotel with a vacancy. Af ter driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea:Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand our objecti

23、ons(反對). If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, Mom would have been delighted. She thinkseveryone in the world is as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancy in the next town.注意:1.所續寫短文的詞數應為150左右;2.至少使用5個短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語;3.續寫部分分為兩段,每段的開頭語已為你寫好;4.續寫完成后,請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。Paragraph 1:The ne

24、xt day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.原文首段中對媽媽的描述有“loving, sweet, absent-minded和forgetful”,接下來的段落中描述了媽媽“absent-minded”和“forgetful”的性格特點,因此故事續寫中應該出現媽媽“健忘”但是“loving”和“sweet”的性格特點。這樣的故事續寫才和原

25、文主旨一致。2.注意原文中的特殊信息一般的敘述性的故事,除了故事本身,還有一定的內在的作者試圖表達的觀點或特殊的目的。而這些信息在原文中經常會有特定的表達。因此我們在對原文的閱讀中要特別注意這些信息。如考試說明樣卷中的A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.這里有一個非常重要的信息詞“funny”,而所給的文章中并沒有顯示出“funny”的情節,那么就一定要包含在續寫的文章中。如果續寫的文章也沒有涉及funny的情節,那么續寫就是失敗的。再如,2017年11月的原文中多次提到媽媽的“健忘”,

26、那么我們在續寫中就一定要涉及媽媽的這個性格特點,這樣才能符合原文的故事發展。3.注意邏輯一致讀后續寫的要求是續寫的內容要和原文故事成為一個整體。要求故事邏輯，語言色彩一致，故事順暢。所謂邏輯合理指的就是故事的發展過程要合理。續寫的內容和原文的故事發展邏輯要嚴密,銜接要順暢,一氣呵成。不要有旁支。在續寫中,要注意三個邏輯上的節點:(1)第一段內容一定要和第一段的段首句邏輯一致。續寫內容不可脫離該句,更要照顧到全文的故事發展。(2)后續兩段間的邏輯。第一段,尤其是該段最后的內容要和第二段的段首句邏輯一致。續寫的兩段間要邏輯合理,故事順暢,脈絡清晰。(3)第二段的段首句和后續內容要邏輯一致,故事發展

27、順暢。例A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldnt get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a you

28、ng man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like youve got a problem,” Arthur said.“Im afraid so. Im in a big hurry and I cant start my car.”“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If y

29、oure sure it wouldnt be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”“No trouble at all. Id be glad to help.”The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the fi

30、rst suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (搶劫)!Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the pas

31、sengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised.“Why