1、簡單句的五種基本句型，并列句和復合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1 、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old.She didn t hear of you before.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意） ：Do they like skating?Where did you go yesterday?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.Don t talk in class4）感嘆句：What an exciting film

2、it was!How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語） 。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2） 并列句：由并列連詞（ and, but, or 等）或分號（； ）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：You help him and he helps you.

3、The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3） 復合句： 含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。 復合句包含： 名詞性從句 （主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句） 、定語從句和狀語從句等。如：The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句就是只包含一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語的句子。根據(jù)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)，英語簡單句由三種主要動詞（連系動詞、不及物動詞、及物動詞）構(gòu)成。這五個基本句型如下

4、：S 十 V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十。十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)基本句型一： S 十 V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有： appear, apologize, arrive, come,go, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, take place, rise, 等等。例句：The rain stopped. 雨停了。They are talking. 他們在講話。Most students work hard 大部分學生努力學習。Our dreams have come

5、 true. 我們的夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了。1) . 學生們學習很努力。 2) . 我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 3) . 事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 補充 : 少數(shù)不及物動詞后面能跟一個相同意義的名詞作賓語，這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有： lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。例如：4) . Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy l

6、ife.5) . I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 6) . Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.7) . He died a glorious death. ?；揪湫投? S 十 V 十 P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)例句：He is an IT engineer 他是一位信息工程師。The cloth feels smooth 這塊布料手感細滑。The fish tastes wonderful. 魚嘗起來非常美味。這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：A.

7、表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有： be, look, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：8) We should any time. 我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。 .8. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。 這些詞有： become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, 等等。 如：10) Autumn comes. It is getting cooler and cooler. 秋天到了，天氣變的越來越?jīng)鏊?1) Don't have the f

8、ood. .不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact . 這個事實證明是正確的?；揪湫腿?: S 十 V 十 O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如：例句：Mary bought a book. Mary 買了一本書。Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么嗎？I have finished reading the text. 我已經(jīng)讀完課文了。You must try to improve. 你必須試著提高。13)

9、 我昨天看了一部電影。 .14) You place me in a difficult situation. 。15) They finally managed to get along with us. 。16) They have of the children 這些孩子他們照看得很好。17) I don t like being treated like this.。基本句型四：S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，O1 =間接賓語；02=直接賓語 例句：The old man gave the little boy some coins 老人給了那個小男孩幾個硬幣。Mr Hardey te

10、aches US European Literature 哈代先生教我們歐洲文學。His aunt bought him a book and several toys 他嬸嬸給他買了一本書和幾個玩具。His praise gave US great encouragement他的表揚給了我們很大的鼓舞。The programmer is showing us how to use the computer 程序員正在教我們?nèi)绾问褂秒娔X。這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指 “人” ，直接賓語常常指 “物 ”。如：18) ） Yesterday her father as abirthday pres

11、ent. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A.動詞 + 直接賓語 + for sb.;（常見的動詞有：buy（買，choose（選擇），get （弄至U ）,make（做，order（訂購），sing （唱歌），do （做工 play（演奏）B.動詞+直接賓語 + to sb.。（常見的動詞有：give（給，tell（告訴），lend（借給），sell（賣）, teach（教）,send（寄Zn ）, write（寫給）

12、，show（出示），return（還給），bring（帶給），pass（遞給）， leave（留給）,offer（提供），hand（交給） 注意： 如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前，且間接賓語前要加上適當?shù)慕樵~。e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能說： I handed our teacher it .20) Please show me your picture. =Please . 請把你的畫給我看一下。21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose hea

13、rt. =I'll offer as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的?；揪湫臀? S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)這類句型中及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外， 還需要一個名詞， 形容詞， 副詞 , 動詞不定式， 分詞，介詞短語等來補充說明賓語，才能表達一個完整的意念。例句：We think Creek too difficult 我們認為希臘語太難了。We made him captain 我們選他作隊長。They don't want to let us go 他們不想讓我們走。When the po

14、licemen came in ， they found the old man dead 警察進來時發(fā)現(xiàn)老人死了。He 1ikes to watch the boys playing football. 他喜歡看那些男孩們踢足球。練：22) Keep, please.請讓孩子們安靜下來。23)他把墻漆成白色。 .24)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。 注意： 動詞 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch 等后面所接的動詞不定式作 賓補時，不帶to。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則要帶“ to”如：25) The boss made hi

15、m do the work all day.。26) He was seen to steal the old man' s money .Exercise1 :判斷下面各句分別屬于簡單句的哪種基本句型：1. Your sister dances beautifully.()2. Doing that would be playing with fire.()3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment.()4. They kept their marriage a secret.()5. She gave me her te

16、lephone number.()6. Good food keeps you healthy.()7. I advise waiting till the right time.()8. Did you sleep well?()9. Horse-riding and shooting are some of the more unusual events.()10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.()(三)并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用 and, not only but als

17、o ，neither nor 等ihen接。如：The teacher ' s name is Smith, and the student' s name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either or,otherwise等。如：Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of m

18、aking his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。如：August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.(四)復合句復合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導詞或叫連詞引出，否則復合句不成 立。由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當 一定的成分，有一定的意義，故復合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點。從句有三種：1 .名詞性從句(包括主語從

19、句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)1) When the train will arrive is unknown.2) Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.3) This is what we should do.4) She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.2 .定語從句(形容詞性從句)He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.3 .狀語從句(副詞性從句)He is absent today, becau

20、se he is ill.Exercise2 :判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：4 )1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.5 )2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.) 3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there?) 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in

21、 the evening.) 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.) 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.) 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.) 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn t it?) 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.) 10. Both Tom an

22、d Jack enjoy country music.（五）高考考點探討1 、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。2 . 祈使句、 反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一。 有時把祈使句與反意疑問句 結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but, or, while ，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4

23、、各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最 為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。如： We will go outing if it doesnt rain to.morrow鞏固練習：一、選擇填空：1. Give me one more minuteA. andB. orll be able to finish it.C. ifD. so2. It s the third time that John has been lat_e_,A. hasn 3. Let us pass,A. shan t het

24、 weB. isn t he ?B. shall we?C. isn t itC. won t we4. I suppose he s serious,A. do IB. don_? t IC. is heD. hasn t itD. will youD. isn t he5. I m sorry to have to say this, you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the roomlast night.A. andB. butC. soD. because6. John has not yet passed the driv

25、ing test, and .A. Henry hasn t tooB. Henry also has not eitherC. neither Henry hasD. neither has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so8. Do you feel like going out would you rather have dinner at home? I d like to go ou

26、t.A. orB. andC. butD. so9. Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he?D. He isD. What, she isD. yetA. Yes, he isn t B. No, he isn t C. No, he is 10. friendly to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she is11. Mary went to bed early, she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. for12. As he is strong, can lift

27、one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. heD. and13. down the radio the baby s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. TurnC. TurnedD. To turn14. I don t like chicken _ fish. I don t like chicken I like fish very much.A. or, butB. and, butC. or, andD. and, and15. Would you like to come to dinner tonight

28、? I d like to, I m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but:1. He closed the window, turned off the light left the room.2. She is American she speaks Chinese very fluently.3. It is foggy today, we can t see distant hills.4. He likes sports, I d rather collect stamps.5. he couldn t understand was _ fewer and

29、fewer showed their interest in his lesson.6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and we could buysome books on our way back in Shanghai.7. She expressed the hope she would write a novel someday.8. The girl English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race, made all of us very happy.9. Please tell us the time we shall have the Chinese exam.10. a young man, he was a storekeeper later a postmaster.三、將下列句子譯成英語:1. 湯姆決心不再遲到了。2. 我很餓，請給我一點東西吃。3. 老師講話時，我們得保持安靜，對不對?4.