1、with復合結構with復合結構是學生學習英語時經常接觸的句型，也是考查的熱點。請看下面的句子。There was an electric bell that did not work ，with a card next to it bearing thename “Mr.James Dillingham Young” 。在這個句子中，with+名詞+介詞短語構成復合結構在句子中作狀語。Now we were on our feet with ano ther 500 miles to go.在這個句子中，with+名詞+to do構成復合結構在句子中作狀語。1. with復合結構的構成wit

2、h+賓語+賓語補足語，構成with復合結構，賓語可以是名詞或是代詞，賓語補足語可以 是介詞短語、過去分詞、現在分詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、副詞。且with后面的賓語與其后的賓語補足語有邏輯上的主謂關系。1）With+賓語+介詞短語He was asleep with his head on his arms.2）with+賓語+過去分詞（賓語與賓補之間是被動關系）All the after noon he worked with the door locked.He lay in bed with his head covered.3）with+賓語+現在分詞（賓語與賓補之間是主動關系）With

3、 win ter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.4） with+賓語+todo（不定式做賓補有“將來”的含義）I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.5）with+賓語+形容詞/副詞With John away ，we've got more room.An ders on was lyi ng on the bed with all his clothes on.2. with復合結構的作用 with復合結構在句子中作狀語，表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨、方式等。請閱讀下面

4、的句子。1） We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴隨狀語）2） She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因狀語）3） He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式狀語）4） Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴隨狀語）5） I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill

5、.（作原因狀語）6） He sat with his arms clasped around his kn ees.（作方式狀語）注：with復合結構在句子中還可以作定語，閱讀下面的句子。1） There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定語修飾 letter）2） It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distanee.（作定語修飾 a stretch ofcountry ）介詞with復合結構相關的高考試題：1. (NMET.2000)production

6、up by 60 % , the compa ny has had ano therexcelle nt year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through解析答案 C。本題考查介詞 with的復合結構“ with + n / pron + prep. phrase( 介詞短語)”的用法?！癮s”作為連詞，意為“因為、由于”，其后必須跟從句；作為介詞，意 為“作為”，從語法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在這里從語法和句意方面也不 能用。在這里應用with，意思是“因為、由于”。句意是：由于生產(產品)上升了 60% ， 這家公司又有了一個輝煌年。2. (Beiji

7、ng. 2004)two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard thisweeke nd.A. BesidesB. WithC. As forD. Because of解析答案B。這道題也是考查介詞with復合結構用法的。從句子的結構看這里必須要填一個介詞，而不能填連詞，“as for ”意思是“至于、關于” ；because of意思是“由 于、因為”，其后不能跟復合結構，所以不能選擇C和D。在所給的選項中只有with才符合構成“ with + n / pron + to do”結構。句意是：由于擔心這兩門考試，本周末我得真的用功

8、了1> “with + n / pron + v-ing ”這一結構在句子中作伴隨狀語，說明情況，其中現在分詞 表示主動或正在進行的動作。例如： our food, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都畢業班第一次解析答案Co “since、because > for ”作“由于、因為”講，是連詞，其后只能跟從句，不能跟復合結構，所以不能選A、B、D。由于run out是不及物動詞短語且與our food 之間存在主謂關系所以只能用 running out 結構，with在這里表示原因，故答案是C。句 意是：在我們的食物快要用完的情況下，

9、我們不得不向附近的村子求援。 .Whe n mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleep ing in bed,his lips movi ng.A. asB. withC. forD. through解析答案B。該題是考查介詞短語用作狀語用法的?！癮s”作為連詞，意為“因為、由于”，其后必須跟從句；作為介詞，意為 “作為”，從語法和句意方面都不符合；而 for和through在這里從語法和句意方面也不能用。在所給的選項當中，只有with才可以構成這一復合結構，用作表示伴隨情況的狀語，故選B。句意是：當媽媽走進房子的時候，她發

10、現自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在動。2>. “with + n / pron +v-ed. ”這一結構在句子中作原因狀語，其中過去分詞表示被動或 完成了的動作。例如： -You should have prepared your speech for the meet ing , Mrs Smith .-Yes, I know .But how could Ithe meeti ng date fixed so soon .（2005東北三校聯考）A. whileB. asC. afterD. with解析答案：D。在所給的選項當中，只有as與with有“由于、因為”之意，而as 是連

11、詞，其后必須跟從句，所以不能用在這里。只有with符合這一用法，構成復合結構，用作表示原因的狀語，代詞I之后省略了動詞prepare。句意是：因為會議日期確定的太快了， 我還沒有準備好。 more and more forests damaged ,some ani mals and pla nts are facingthe dan ger of dyi ng out .（2005石家莊市高三調研試題）A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By解析答案C。此題考查with復合結構“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”的用法，在這里 表示原因。as和for常常引導的是一個表示原

12、因的句子，而介詞by顯然沒有這種用法。句意是：由于越來越多的森林遭到破壞，一些動植物正面臨著滅絕的危險。 Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New York , have had experime nts ofthis ki nd,old factories turned into successful art cen ters.（南京市高三模擬試題）A. forB. withC .asD .like解析答案Bo本題也是考查with復合結構用法的,表示一種伴隨情況。介詞for與as 雖具有“由于、因為”之意，但其后要跟從句，like沒有“由于、因

13、為”之意，應該排除 A、C、D，答案是B。句意是：隨著舊工廠被成功地改制為藝術中心，許多大城市（如利物 浦和紐約）都做著這方面的嘗試。3> “with + n / pron + to do ”這一結構在句子中作原因狀語，其中不定式表示將要發生 的動作。 例如：so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight.A. WithB. ToC. ForD. In解析答案A。這里用介詞 with的復合結構作狀語表示原因，而to、for、in則沒有這種 復合結構用法，故排除B、C、D，答案是B。句

14、意是：由于有許多家庭作業要去做，今晚我 沒有時間去看電影了。再如：With nothing to do , I sat dow n watch ing TV.4> “with + n / pron + prep. phrase .”這一結構在句子中作伴隨狀語，表示狀態或說明情況或作定語。例如：and no way to reduce her pai n and sufferi ng from the terribledisease, the patient sought her doctor 's help to end her life .（2005年江蘇省高考試題 ）A .H

15、av ing give n up hope of cureB. With no hope for cureC . There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure解析答案B。此題考查with的復合結構作狀語的用法。逗號前的內容作狀語，該部分是由介詞 with構成的短語及現在分詞短語 suffering from the terrible disease構成的，介詞 with 有兩個賓語，分別是 no hope for cure 和 no way to reduce her pa in 。句意是: 這位病人由于沒有治愈的希望和減輕其痛苦的方法，她飽受

16、疾病煎熬，于是請求大夫結束她 的生命。 Joh n starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on work ing un til latein the after noona break at midday .A. forB. withC. inD. as解析答案B。此題考查介詞短語作狀語。即“with + n / pron + prep. phrase ” 。句意是：約翰早上開始工作，中午稍作休息后又接著工作到下午稍晚些時候。5>. “with + n / pron + adj ”這一結構常作伴隨性狀語，表示狀態。例如：I

17、t was cold outside , the boy ran in to the roomhis nose red.A. toB. onC. i nD. with解析答案D。這個句子是考查with的復合結構用法的，用with +名詞（nose）+ 形容詞（red ）作狀語表示伴隨情況。而to、on、in作為介詞則沒有這種用法，故排除 A、B、C,答案為D。句意是：外面天氣很冷，那個男孩跑進了屋子時，鼻子紅紅的。再如：Tom's father is used to sleep ing with the win dow ope n.6>. “with + n / pron + a

18、dv ”這一結構在句子中常作伴隨狀語，表示情況或狀態。例如：all the representatives （ 代表）still not there , the meeting was postponedfor several mon ths.A. WithoutB. WithC. ByD. Because解析答案B。這里應填入一個介詞結構以表示原因或狀態，而在所給的選項中 without具有否定意義，不能用在這里；by則表示方式、手段等；because后則要跟從句， 只有with具有這種用法，所以選B。句意是：在代表仍然不在場的情況下，會議被推遲了好 幾個月。類似的，再如：With so m

19、any stude nts away , we have got more room.7>“ with + n / pron + n ”在句中作定語或狀語。如：He died with his son yet a school boy .1. BBC En glish broadcasts programmes for Chinaexpla nati on in Chin ese.A. inB.forC.withD.as2. The young woma na baby sleep ing in her arms was wan deri ng in thestreet.A. withB

20、.becauseC. onD. like3. Every one should go to sleep with the light turned off.A. asB. withC. forD. on4. so many homework to do, Mary won ' t have time to play with her friendsthis morni ng.A. WithoutB. WithC. ByD. Because5. the door ope n, the no ise of the mach ines is almost deafe ning.A. Beca

21、useB. AsC. WithD. Because of6. his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.A. AsB.ForC. BecauseD. With7. all things con sidered, her proposal is of greater tha n hisA. LikeB.WithC. OnD. Without8. time permitti ng, we will visit the Summer Palace.A. ByB. OnC. WithD. Aswith復合結構專項練習（一）1. John received

22、 an invitation to dinner, and with his work, he gladly acceptedit. （2007 安徽）A. fini shedB. Finishing C. hav ing fini shedD. was fini shed2. Now that we ' ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ?（2009全國卷1）A. tak ingB. TakeC. take nD. to take3. You have no idea how she fini

23、shed the relay raceher foot woun ded somuch.（2008 福建）A. forB. WhenC. withD. while4. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much workmy min d, I almost break dow n.（2007 福建）A. filledB. Filli ngC. to fillD. bei ng filled5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with

24、his work, he gladly acceptedit. （2007 安徽）A. fini shedB. FinishingC. hav ing fini shedD. was fini shed6. I couldn ' t do my homework with all that noise.（2005 北京）A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on7. and no way to reduce her pain and sufferi ng from the terrible disease,the patient sought

25、her doctor ' s help to end her life. （2005 江西）A. Having give n up hope of cureB. With no hope for cureC. There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure8. two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weeke nd.（2004北京）A. WithB. BesidesC. As forD. Because of9. It was a pity that the g

26、reat writer diedhis works unfini shed.（2004福建）10. producti on up by 60%, the compa ny has had ano ther excelle nt year.（2000全國卷）A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Throughwith復合結構專項練習（二）一請選擇最佳答案1） With nothingto bur n， the fire became weak and fin ally died out.A.l eav ingBeftC.l eaveD.to leave2）The girl sat there

27、 quite silent and still with her eyeson the wall.A.fix ingB.fixed C.to be fixingD.to be fixed3）I live in the house with its doorto the south.（這里 with 結構作定語）A.fac ingB.faces C.facedD.be ing faced4） They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights.A.bur nB.burntC.burni ngD.to burn二：用with復

28、合結構完成下列句子1） 有很多工作要做），I could n't go to see the doctor.2） She sat（低著頭）。3） The day was bright.（微風吹拂）4） 心存夢想） he went to Hollywood.三 把下列句子中的劃線部分改寫成 with復合結構。1）Because our lessons were over ，we went to play football.2) The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.3) My m

29、other is ill , so I won't be able to go on holiday.4) An exam will be held tomorrow , so I could n't go to the ci nema toni ght.with復合結構專項練習(三)1. BBC En glish broadcasts programmes for Chinaexpla nati on in Chin ese.A. inB.forC.withD.as2. The young woma na baby sleep ing in her arms was wan

30、deri ng in thestreet.A. withB.becauseC. onD. like3. Every one should go to sleep with the light turned off.A. asB. withC. forD. on4. so many homework to do, Mary won ' t have time to play with herfriends this morning.A. WithoutB. WithC. ByD. Because5. the door ope n, the no ise of the mach ines is almost deafe