1、四六級段落翻譯第二彈一文化積累是重點(diǎn)有要求，有文化必背句哦作者：法大生轉(zhuǎn)自武大物院學(xué)生會2013年12月四六級考綱關(guān)于翻譯題有兩點(diǎn)大綱變動1、句子翻譯改為段落漢譯英翻譯2、考試范圍由 校園文化、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè) ”改為 校園文化、社會生活、餐飲娛樂、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè)、新興學(xué)科發(fā)展、中國傳統(tǒng)文化”，其中亮點(diǎn)就是新增了難度較 大的文化領(lǐng)域。為此，針對傳統(tǒng)文化，需要掌握以下文化語句的通用表 達(dá)，必背16句！對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合

2、過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。Chin ese Drago n Drag on totem worship in Chi na has bee naround for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, sn ake, horse an dox with cloud, thun der, light ning and other n

3、atural celestial phe nomen a. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordancewith the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.秧歌舞是中國漢族的 彩的表演服裝，他們 到鑼鼓聲，不管外面 某些城市的老年人自 樂在其中。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多 節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽 舞表演。近年來，中國東北 舞來保持健康，同事他們也一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通

4、常在北方省份表演 的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵 天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌 發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳秧歌Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.lt is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performanee is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring

5、Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yan gko. Recent years, the old people in city of east -no rther n of China orga ni zed the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their healt

6、h by dancing Yangko the whole year.長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長看菲爾鐵塔，或者就 際上，長城最初只是像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常 一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看 說：不到長城非好漢。”實(shí) 后才將其連城長城。然而，The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just l

7、ike going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not atrue man.In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Q

8、in Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Passin the eastto Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、餃子是深受中國 人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。 相傳 為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包 括： 1) 搟皮、 2) 備餡、 3) 包餡水煮 三個步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美， 形狀 獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民 間有 “好吃不過餃子 ”的俗語。中國人接 親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子 吃的習(xí)俗，寓

9、意吉利 。對崇尚親情的中國人來說， “更歲交子 ”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭 舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi) 容。Dumplings Dumplings are oneof the Chinese people fasvorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumplin

10、g wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There asn old saying that claims, “ Nothingcould be more

11、 delicious than dumplings ”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replac

12、ed by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.五、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的 重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰 陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是 “內(nèi)病外治 ”。主要療 法是用針刺入病人身 體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳?病人的穴位，以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng) 絡(luò)。 治療病痛的目的 。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播 到了世界，與中餐、功夫、 中藥一 起被海外譽(yù)為 中國的 “新四大國粹 ”。Acupuncture

13、 Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “ mainand collateral channels”theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the bodysyin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between

14、the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “ internaldiseasesare to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patientsbody, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patientsacupoints so asto

15、stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages,acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine,

16、 has beeninternationally hailed asone of the “ fournew national treasures. ”六、中國功夫即中國 武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中 的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳 統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之 說，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家 的 思想。中國武術(shù)源 遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)?并濟(jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的 參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒 手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫 ，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, o

17、r Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the artof attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “ t

18、hemean and harmony ”and “ cultivatingqi ” (otherwise known as nourishing onesspirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and interna

19、l and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eig

20、ht trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such asthe skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.七、漢字是從原始人 意韻的獨(dú)特文字。現(xiàn) 后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金最終成為一種兼具音、形、 認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此 段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu) “外 圓內(nèi)方用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展 存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被 文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等

21、不同的階源于古人 ”天圓地 方“的觀念。漢字有五種基 本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、 折。Chinese characterswere initially meant to be simple pictures usedto help people remember things. After along period of development, it finally becamea unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writin

22、g system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular s

23、cript, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters areusually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chin ese characters are - (the horiz on tai stroke) |(the vertical stroke),7”(e

24、left-falling stroke), (the right-falling stroke), and 乙(theturning stroke).八、中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功 貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉筷子古時(shí)稱為箸，它 看似簡單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒 能。中國民間視筷子 為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生 以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含 有 “和為貴 “的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子 是古老的東 方文明。 Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with ch

25、opsticks is unique in the world.Therecordedhistory of chopsticks startedmorethan threethousandyears ago. Chopsticks were namedzhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use,but possessmulti-various functions, such asclamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking,

26、 tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as anauspiciousmascotby ordinary peoplein ancientChina. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often usedby peopleas ametaphorat weddingsto indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to havea baby soon.Unlike using aknife andfork or one oswn

27、hands,a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “ Harmonyis what matters”C.hopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.九、印章就是圖章。 中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記 、合同、符、契等等不同的 稱 謂，而帝王所用的 印章古時(shí)稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記 載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時(shí)代已普遍 使用。 印章的制作是 將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻 而成，形狀以圓、方為主。

28、印章用朱 色 鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用 于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù) 形式之一。Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called x

29、i, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, sealswere widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a sealis to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as

30、 round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinasunique artworks.十、天干地支是中國 歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸 ；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳

31、、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā) 現(xiàn)月亮圓缺 12 次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個 朔望月約是 60 天。古 人 以十天干與十二地 支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份， 60 年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從 古 沿用至今。按干支 紀(jì)年法， 2011 年便是辛卯年。Chinese Era The Chinese erais the symbol that the Chinese calendar usesfor recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stemsare: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xi

32、n, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly S

33、tems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ tenHeavenly Stems,

34、”2011 is the year of “ theseventh of the ten Heavenly Stems”and “the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.京劇被譽(yù)為 “東方歌劇 ”， 是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的 “徽班 ”。到了 19 世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生男性）、旦（女性）、凈男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。Chinese Beiji

35、ng Opera Praised as “ OrientalOpera”,Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the endof the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becomingthe greatest kind of opera in China

36、. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatics fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and charactersthrough stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and cho

37、u( clown, male or female).十二、道教是中國土 生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德經(jīng) 為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張 “重人貴生 ”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性。 “道 可道，非常道。名可 名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼 ”便是老子的至理名 言。或短語。 “成語 ”中的 “成”既 。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四 要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作 言中精煉而又富有生命力的Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is

38、 Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has beenattributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of ahuman beingslife, recommends the discarding of all desires and worrie

39、s from onesmind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi goslden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven

40、and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.十三、中國成語是漢 是約定俗成。成語是 個漢字組成，例如： 品、詩歌、寓言、典 一部分。語中意義完

41、整的表示一般概念的固定詞組 比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位 自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主 故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word,

42、but has the samegrammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancien

43、t works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.十四、中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時(shí)期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時(shí)張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東

44、方文明的使者。China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people ssilk-weaving techniques hadreached an extremely high level. During the Western H

45、an Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a neweraof Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China ssilk became well known for its extraordinary quality

46、, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk hasbeenaccepted as asymbol of Chineseculture and the emissary of oriental civilization.十五、中國園林是把 人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有 機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù)，是我國 古 代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶 。其建造原則是 “妙極自然，宛自 天開 ”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領(lǐng)略“假自然之景 ，創(chuàng)山水真趣 ”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中 ，中國園

47、林歷史悠久、 內(nèi)涵 豐富，被譽(yù)為世 界造園史上的淵源之一。The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is akind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “ artificialas it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. ”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “ makeusseof the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and river