1、虛擬語氣用法歸納虛擬語氣主要指的的是帶有非真實(shí)條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句，表達(dá)的是說話人的遺憾后 悔的語氣，愿望以及建議，命令，要求等等的情感，往往說的是與事實(shí)相反或者沒辦法實(shí) 現(xiàn)改變的東西。虛擬語氣主要表現(xiàn)為在對(duì)過去現(xiàn)在或者將來的情況做出假設(shè)后，有可能出 現(xiàn)的情況。虛擬語氣的內(nèi)容主要有三大模塊，第一模塊就是涉及到條件從句部分的內(nèi)容。這一部 分的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：基本用法，各自為政，以及含蓄之美。F表就是條件從句虛擬語氣的基本用法:條件從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)had donewould/could/might/should have done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假

2、設(shè)did （waswere）would/could/might/should do與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)did （was were ） ; should do; were to dowould/could/might/should do通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞 時(shí)間是一致的，如果兩者時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)就是混合型虛擬語氣。混合型虛擬語氣的使用 要求“各自為政”，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設(shè)的時(shí)間不同，采用上面表格中對(duì)應(yīng)的的謂語 動(dòng)詞形式。如何“各自為政”呢？這就像是數(shù)學(xué)里的排列組合，一邊有三種情況，交叉一搭配就出 現(xiàn)了好多種情況。不管怎樣，我們要遵循一個(gè)

3、原則，就是“各自為政”。例如，從句是對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句則是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，那我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)，從句就用過去完成式， 而主句要用 would/could do的形式。當(dāng)然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有時(shí)候在具體語境下，會(huì)出現(xiàn)矛盾的情況，這時(shí)我們就要結(jié)合要表達(dá)的意思來判斷他們是對(duì)什么情況 的假設(shè)，選擇合適的形式。一般而言，主句的假設(shè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生在從句的假設(shè)時(shí)間之后。因 為是有這么一個(gè)條件才會(huì)出現(xiàn)主句的現(xiàn)狀。因此在此類的完成句子練習(xí)中，我們要特別提 醒注意時(shí)間狀語的暗示從句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句you would not be so sleepy從句和主句都是現(xiàn)在的1. If I had see

4、 n you, I would not be so worried now.（ 是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）2. If you had not watched television so late last night,now.（從句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）3. If I were you, I would seize the cha nee to go abroad.（假設(shè))從句是對(duì)過從4. Had you followed the doctor suggestion, you would be fine now.（去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）5. If I had made some m

5、oney last summer, I would go on holiday next mon th.（句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)將來的假設(shè)）6. You didn let medrive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn be so tired now.（從句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）7. If Jack had nmet Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now.（從句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè))8. If Lily did ntatte nd today party, she cou

6、ld not have the cha nee to work inthe compa ny next week.（從句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)將來的假設(shè)）9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. （ 從 句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè) ）10. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. （從句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)將來的假設(shè) ）虛擬語氣在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，特別注意虛擬語氣與倒裝的結(jié)

7、合，前提是省略if ，這種情況多見于過去和將來的假設(shè)，具體表現(xiàn)是將 if 省略，把 had, were, should之類詞語提前構(gòu)成倒裝。例如：Were I you, I would go.Should it happen, what should you do?Had he recognised me, he would have come over. 虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有 without, but for, otherwise, or 等等，此時(shí)我們可以

8、從意思上推斷出虛擬語氣的時(shí)間 （ 考 試時(shí)多數(shù)情況是對(duì)過去的假設(shè) ） 。But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （過 去）Without water, all lives would die.（現(xiàn)在）He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party.（過去）I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off.（過去）虛擬

9、語氣的第二模塊就是含有 should +V 的用法，這一部分主要是有關(guān)建議和命令的 相關(guān)從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語賓 語之類的從句。這一部分的詞主要有常見的動(dòng)詞有 advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recomme nd, comma nd以及相關(guān)名詞等等。記憶口訣：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(in sist)，兩個(gè)命令(order,comma nd),三個(gè)建議(suggest, advise, recomme nd)，四個(gè)要求(ask, require,demand, request) 。1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣He

10、insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在 It 做形式主語

11、的三種情況： It s +p.p +that；It s + adj. +that； It s + n. +that常用的動(dòng)詞 recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command 常用的形容詞 important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名詞 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame,

12、 regret 其實(shí)這些詞在句子中其實(shí)也有建議命令類似的的意思 It s important that you should take the medicine.It s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.It s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.It s demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should join t

13、he club activities.5. It 為形式賓語的情況實(shí)際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以 it 為形式賓語的復(fù) 合賓語從句， it 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語多為形容詞或名詞，常見詞就是上面形式主語后面的那 些詞。I consider it vital that he （should） think deeply before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting （should） be put off.6. 某些詞語如 suggest, insist 等有雙重含義，所以在使用的時(shí)候要注意什么時(shí)候用 虛擬語氣，什么時(shí)候不用虛擬語氣。Her

14、 smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.虛擬語氣的第三大模塊指的是虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用。句這些句式使用的虛擬 語氣與上面的虛擬語氣會(huì)有所不同，主要有兩種情況：I. would rather, It s time ,for fear that would rather 在使用時(shí)要注意它的不同用法。因?yàn)楸旧?would rather 可以直接接動(dòng)詞 原形，構(gòu)成 would rather do sth. （than do sth.else）;或者

15、 would do sth. rather thando sth.else. 而虛擬語氣的 would rather 是這樣使用的 would rather sb. did（ 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或 將來的假設(shè) ）/ had done（ 對(duì)過去的假設(shè) ）I would rather he didn t go now.They would rather they hadn t attended the party.It s （about） （high） time （that）從句中常用過去式 （有時(shí)也用 should do）, 含建議的意思。漢語的意思為 “是該做 的時(shí)候了 ”，也等于 It s time f

16、or sb. to do sth.It s high time （that） we went home.It s high time that we （should） go home.It s high time for us to go home.for fear that 后面可以接虛擬語氣 should do ，也可以接其他語氣，但依然會(huì)有一個(gè) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.II . wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only這三種

17、情況的虛擬語氣有點(diǎn)相似。wish 后的賓語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式主要有三種wish sb. did（ 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬 ）; wish sb. had done（ 對(duì)過去的虛擬 ）; wish sb. would do （ 對(duì)將來的虛擬 ）. 偶 爾在對(duì)過去的虛擬時(shí)，也會(huì)出現(xiàn) wish sb. would have done 的情況。I wish I knew what was going to happen.She wished she had stayed at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此時(shí)要注意表示語氣很強(qiáng)時(shí)用 H

18、ow sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用 was 依然換成 were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though 出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句 +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從 句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引導(dǎo)的表語從句。主句 +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +did/ were（ 對(duì)現(xiàn)在 的假設(shè) ） ；主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +could/ would do（ 對(duì)將來的假設(shè) ） ；主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +had done（ 對(duì)過去的假設(shè) ）seem/ look/ smell 等的從句情況基本上和上面一致。She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.注意不需要用虛擬語氣的情況couldIf only 引起的感嘆句要