1、Transition words Chro nological Relatio nsnow, no wadays;whe n, before, after, while, duri ng;betweenand ;in (year); since ;later, afterwards, earlier, formerly; from then on;at the turn of the century (decade); in the first half of the century;in the 1990s;at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in ado

2、lesce nee, as an adult, inadulthood, in old age, at death; simultaneously,simultaneous with, atthe sametime as, the former, the latter, previous, previously, prior to, first, sec ond;in the first place, in the sec ond place;to beg in with, n ext, the n, subseque ntly, in the n ext place;in con clusi

3、 on, fin ally, lastly, in the end Process Descripti onsfirst(ly), the n, on ce, n ext, un til, assoon as, lastly, as, atthis point, before, while, at the same time, after, whe n Spatial Relatio nships1) where; 2) in which, to which, from which; 3) un der, over, in side, beside, on top of; 4) along,

4、through, as far as; 5)north, northern, south, southern;6) to the left, to the right, to the n orth; 7) at the back, in front, atthe middle;adjace nt to鄰近的；毗鄰parallelrecta nglecorresp onding toparallel tosemicircle 半圓形Dista neeperpe ndicular to垂直的；成直角的SlopeMidpoi ntplane水平；平面SpaceIn teriorOppositeSur

5、faceDiag onalOverlapp ingVertical 垂直的：直立：頂端EdgePyramidHorizo ntal 水平的limitexteriorIn tersecti on交叉點(diǎn)；相交占八、 Givi ng Specific DetailsFor exampleAs an illustrati onFor in sta neeIn one in sta neeFor one thi ngIn this in sta neeTo illustrateAs an exampleIn other wordsTake (sth as) exampleAs followsIn pra

6、cticeLet me illustrateAccordi ng to statisticsLet me cite as proofAccordi ng to statistics evide nee Making Comparis on and Con trastTo compare:Similar toAt the same rate asSimilarlyAsLike, alike(just) as soLikewiseIn like mannerCorresp ond toIn the same wayCorresp ondin glyTo have in com monResembl

7、e類似于；與相像Common characteristics, etc.resembla neeTo be parallel inAlmost the same asBothTo con trast:Differ fromUn likeDiffere nt fromWhileHoweverWhereas鑒于；然而；反之StillIn con trast toNeverthelessIn oppositi on toOtherwiseOn the con traryEve n so; althoughOn the other handLess/more/faster tha nOn the opposite side Discuss ing Cause and EffectSo; thusAccordi nglyAs a resultHenceCon seque ntlyThe result ofSinceThe con seque nee ofResult inDue toThereforeThe effect ofThe reas on forHave an effect onAs owi ng toFor this reas onForOwe toThe cause ofBecauseThanks ofIt follows tha