unit 4 earthquakes教案grammar1. knowledge aims: 知識目標1) students can master the useful new words and expressions in this passage.2) students know basic knowledge about natural disasters.3) the attributive clause (i)由that, which, who, whose引導的定語從句the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.it was heard in beijing which is one hundred kilometers away.workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.2. ability aims: 能力目標1) students reading ability can be developed.2) students learn to collect useful information from the internet by themselves.3. emotional aim: 情感目標1) students know damages earthquakes bring about and the ways to reduce losses of earthquakes.2) students to know how to protect oneself and help others in earthquakes.3) get the students to be aware of terrible disasters, meanwhile get them to face it, treat it in a proper way, and never get discouraged.教學過程1) skimming and scanning2) asking-and-answering activity to check the ss understanding of the text3) cooperative learning : pair or group work to finish each task4) task-based teaching and learning5) discussion教學重難點important teaching points1. students can know basic knowledge about natural disasters.2. students learn about tangshan earthquake.grammarthe attributive clause (i)- that, which, who, whoseread the sentences from the text.1. it was felt in beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 2. a huge crack that was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 3. the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 4. later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook tangshan. 5. workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【要點精析】定語從句的概念在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句在句中相當于一個形容詞，起“定語”的作用，修飾說明名詞、代詞或主句全部內容；通常在被修飾的詞語(即“先行詞”)之后，由“關系詞”引導。定語從句“關系詞”具有的三種功能：(1) 引導一個定語從句(在定語從句開頭);(2) 替代“先行詞”(省去從句中對應的he / she / it / they / him / her / them /house );(3) 在定語從句中充當成分(作主語/賓語/ 定語/狀語)。 指出下面各個定語從句中的先行詞、關系詞。1. the boy who / that broke the window is called jack.2. the man (whom /who) i talked to just now is mr. li. 3. the car (that / which) he bought yesterday is a second-hand one.4. harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.5. we live in a house whose window opens to the south. 【名師點津】關系代詞在定語從句中的運用：1. 先行詞指人時，用關系代詞that / who (whom), 在句中作主語或賓語；2. 先行詞是物時，用關系代詞that / which，在從句中作主語或賓語；3. whose 在從句中作定語，既可指人，表示“某(些)人的”；也可指物，表示“某物的”； 4. 關系代詞that、 who、whom、which 在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。關系代詞的用法who / whom 1. who指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）the professor who visited our school yesterday is from canada.2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)the man (whom/who) i talked to just now is mr. li.the man to whom i talked just now is mr. li. 3.which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省) these are the trees which were planted last year.the radio (which) he is using is made in japan. is this the library (which) you borrow books from?is this the library from which you borrow books? 4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略) a plane is a machine. it can fly.a plane is a machine that can fly.he is the man. i told you about him.he is the man (that) i told you about. 5. whose 在定語從句中作定語，既可指人，也可指物。指物時可與 of which互換使用。this is the book whose cover is blue.this is the book of which the cover is blue. 在下列定語從句中關系代詞只能用that 1. 當先行詞為everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much等不定代詞時。如：this book contains much / little that is useful.這本書中有很多 / 沒有多少有用的東西。i mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天買的那個。2.當先行詞被all, each, few, much, every, no, some, any 等不定代詞修飾時。如：i have read all the book (that) you gave me.我把你給我的書都看了。there are some jobs (that) men cant do very well. 有些工作男人無法做好。 3. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：this is the first film (that) i have seen since i came here.這是我到這里以來所看的第一部電影。this is the biggest apple (that) i have ever eaten.這是我所吃過的蘋果中最大的一個。4. 先行詞既指人又指物時。如：we were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools (that) we had visited.我們訪問過的老師和參觀過的學校給我們留下了深刻的印象。 5. 先行詞被the only, the very, the last等修飾時。如：mary is the only friend (that) i have in australia.瑪麗是我在澳大利亞唯一的朋友。 she is the very thief (that) the policeman is looking for.她就是警察正在尋找的那個小偷。the last place they visited was the summer palace.他們最后參觀的地方是頤和園。 6. 先行詞在主句中作表語，或關系代詞在從句中作表語時。如：this is a dictionary that will help you a lot.這是本對你很有幫助的字典。dont cheat me. im no longer the boy that i was three years ago. 別騙我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。 【語法過關】1. the old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. 解析：空格處引導定語從句并且在從句中作主語，所以選that。 2. thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. 解析：句意應為“那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器” 。空格處引導定語從句并且在從句中作定語使用，所以使用whose。3. the old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. 解析：所填詞引導定語從句，先行詞是the old temple，關系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關系代詞whose，選d。其余選項與題意不符。4. children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 解析：不愛運動或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會很快發胖。較簡單。本定語從句不缺成分，為主系表結構，因此只能在考慮填關系副詞。a中的what不能引導定語從句。選b 符合題意。 5. ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ i met in the english speech contest last year. 解析：該空引導定語從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，故選關系代詞who，即a項6. i refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. 解析：不定代詞something作主語，用that引導。 7. the prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination 解析：先行詞是the writer，關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。 8. youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海) 解析：先行詞是taxis，關系代詞which在定語從句中作賓語9. the exact year _ angela and her family spent together in china was 2008. （2014安徽） 解析：本題定語從句的先行詞是the exact year，后面的定語從句angela and her family spent together in china中動詞spent后面缺少賓語，所以使用關系代詞which引導這個定語從句，并在句中做賓語。10. among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. （2014江西） 解析：本題先行詞是the many dangers，在定語從句中關系代詞which指代先行詞在句中作為動詞face的賓語，可以省略。句義：在士兵面對的很多危險中，也許最大的危險是霧吧！故a正確。二、用適當的關系詞填空。 1. the most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ i have said.2. she spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons _ none of us has ever heard of.3. i have bought a very watch _ was advertised on tv.4. the president made a speech in _ he expressed his satisfaction.5. i know the boy _ mother is a friend of mine.6. whats the name of the boy _ bicycle you borrowed?7. i dont know the man to _ i spoke on the phone just now.8. he is a person _ always thinks more of others.9. is there anything _ i can do for you here?10. the woman _ jack was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.11. the beds _ we slept in last night werent very comfortable.三、將下列每組句子合并成一個含定語從句復合句。1. the writer is very famous in our city. we met her yesterday.2. the dress is fashionable. she is wearing it.3. im listening to the mp4. it belongs to tom.4. is that the company? your father once worked in the comp