陜北窯洞介紹窯洞，是中國北方黃土高原上特有的民居形式，中華民族的祖先就是在窯洞中生存、繁衍和壯大起來的。窯洞分土窯洞、石窯洞、磚窯洞、土基子窯洞、柳椽柳巴子窯洞和接口子窯洞多種。窯洞是黃土高原的產物，陜北農民的象征。在這里，沉積了古老的黃土地深層文化人民創造了陜北的窯洞藝術(民間藝術)。過去，一位農民辛勤勞作一生，最基本的愿望就是修建幾孔窯洞。有了窯娶了妻才算成了家立了業。男人在黃土地上刨挖，女人則在土窯洞里操持家務、生兒育女。小小窯洞濃縮了黃土地的別樣風情。深達一二百米、極難滲水、直立性很強的黃土，為窯洞提供了很好的發展前提。同時，氣候干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、木材較少等自然狀況，也為冬暖夏涼、十分經濟、不需木材的窯洞，創造了發展和延續的契機。由于自然環境、地貌特征和地方風土的影響，窯洞形成各式各樣的形式。但從建筑的布局結構形式上劃分可歸納為靠崖式、下沉式和獨立式三種形式。陜北延安窯洞，其中夾雜著窯洞式平頂房。窯洞是自然圖景和生活圖景的有針對傳統在陜西省北部地區窯洞,基于窯洞及其開發環境,本文分析了窯洞建筑特點和使用價值及其發展陜西北部,然后指出,窯洞發展被減少到一個尷尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,優勢,劣勢,機會和威脅的山洞被總結。在優勢方面,窯洞的生態優勢為本地建筑,建于根據當地條件,解決土地、能源和環境問題在黃土高原,和豐富的美學價值本機功能。的弱點,村莊布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室內通風和照明不足,simpl模式和空間機結合，滲透著人們對黃土地的熱愛和眷戀之情。窯洞防火，防噪音，冬暖夏涼，既節省土地，又經濟省工，確是因地制宜的完美建筑形式。人們利用黃土的特性，挖洞造室修成的窯洞叫土窯洞，一般深7—8米，高3米多，寬3米左右，最深的可達20米。窗戶有兩種，一種是1平方米左右的小方窗；另一種是約3—4平方米的圓窗。其特點是冬暖夏涼。用石頭作建筑材料，深7—9米，寬、高皆為3米左右的石拱洞，叫石窯洞。磚窯的式樣、建筑方法和石窯洞一樣，外表美觀。一院窯洞一般修3孔或5孔，中窯為正窯，有的分前后窯，有的1進3開。窯洞一般修在山腰或山腳下的向陽之處，窯洞上面的腦畔多栽樹木和花草Caves,isauniquelocal-styledwellinghousesformonloessplateauinnorthernChina,istheancestoroftheChinesepeopleliveincaves,breedingandgrowingup.CaveTuYaoDong,brickstonecave,cave,cave,soilbasewillowrafterLiuBaZicaveandcutcavevariety.Caveistheproductoftheloessplateau,asymbolofnorthernshaanxifarmers.Here,deposittheancientpeoplecreatedthedeepculturebackgroundofshanbeicaveart(folkart).Inthepast,afarmerworkedhardlife,themostbasicwishistobuildafewholecaves.Thekilntookawifeisahomemade.Manduginthebackground,womeninTuYaoDonghouseworkandchildren.Asmallcaveenrichmentofanotheramorousfeelings.YiErBaimeters,waterseepage,orthostaticstrongloessextremelyhard,forthecavedevelopmentprovidesagoodpremise.Atthesametime,theclimateisdrylittlerain,wintercoldandlessnaturalconditionssuchaslumber,alsoiswarminwinterandcoolinsummer,InviewoftraditionalhouseinnorthernareaofShaanxiProvincewhichwascavedwelling,basedoncavedwellinganditsdevelopmentenvironment,thepaperhadanalyzedarchitecturalcharacteristicsandusevalueofcavedwellinganditsdevelopmentinnorthernShaanxi,andthenpointedoutthatcavedwellingdevelopmenthadbeenreducedintoanawkwardsituation.ByusingSWOTanalysismethod,thestrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreatsofcavedwellingshadbeensummarized.Intermsofstrengths,cavedwellinghadecologicaladvantageasnativearchitecture,wasconstructedbasedonlocalconditions,couldsolveland,energyandenvironmentproblemsonLoessPlateau,andaboundedinaestheticvalueofnativefeature.Intermsofweaknesses,villagelayoutlackedofintegrity,transportationwasnotconvenient,indoorventilationandlightingwereinsufficient,andpatternandspaceweresimplifiedandstereotyped.Intermsofopportunities,itstressedarchitecturalecologyhavingreceivedmoreandmoreattentionintheworld,andexplorationandapplicationofundergroundcivilarchitecture.Intermsofthreats,itliedinconstructiontechnologyofcavedwelling,contradictionbetweencavedwellingandurbanizationandbetweencavedwellingandmodernlife,andmanagementmodeofrestrictedtype.Onthisbasis,itsuggestedthatcavedwellingdevelopmentinnorthernShaanxishouldtransformpeople'straditio-nalconceptthroughcorrectguidanceofpublicvoice;strivetoeliminateweaknessofcavedwelling;improvecaveenvironmentbyenhancinginfrastructureconstruction;developcharacteristiccavedwellingculturaltourisminnorthernShaanxi,andconstructnewsocialistcountrysideofnorthernShaanxicharacter.針對傳統在陜西省北部地區窯洞,基于窯洞及其開發環境,本文分析了窯洞建筑特點和使用價值及其發展陜西北部,然后指出,窯洞發展被減少到一個尷尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,優勢,劣勢,機會和威脅的山洞被總結。在優勢方面,窯洞的生態優勢為本地建筑,建于根據當地條件,解決土地、能源和環境問題在黃土高原,和豐富的美學價值本機功能。的弱點,村莊布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室內通風和照明不足,simpl模式和空間18.StudiesonTraceElementCompositionsofLaohudongGuanWareandRuGuanWare;老虎洞窯和汝官窯瓷微量元素的研究AsatypeofdwellingexistingonlyinChina,thefarmers'cavesinShaanxiProvince,especiallyinNorthernShaanxi,areuniquetraveldestinations.InsomeareasofShaanxiProvincesuchastheYan'anarea,farmers'cavesabound.Farmers'cavesaregenerallybuiltintoamountain.InShaanxiProvincetherearetwobasictypes,thestonecaveandtheearthcave.Thestonecaveiscutintothesideofaprecipitouscliff,whileanearthcaveiscutintotheyellowearthlayers.Cavesriselayeruponlayerlookinglikestoriesofabuilding.Afarmer'scaveisusually5-7meters(16.4-23.0feet)long,3-4meters(9.8-13.1feet)wideand2-5meters(6.6-16.4feet)high.Thecavehasasemicirculardooroffieldstoneandwindowswithexquisitesashbarssetlikefanribs,themostbeautifulanddaintypartsofthecave.Vaultedwindowshavebeautifuldesignsinwoodensashbarsdecoratedwithfolkpapercuttings.Afarmer'scavehasseveraluniquecharacteristics:First,itisquiet;alsoitiswarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Itscreationdidnotdamagetheenvironmentorusurpfarmland.AsearlyastheNeolithicAge,usingwoodenframework,grass,andsoil,clansinhabitingthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiverbuiltsimpleshallowcavesinnaturalearthholesinthemountains.Gradually,livingincaveswasapracticehanded