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目錄

2010年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研

真題及詳解

2011年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研

真題及詳解

2012年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研

真題及詳解

2013年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研

真題及詳解

2014年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研

真題及詳解

2010年廈門大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

PartI.GrammarandVocabulary

A.Proofreading(totalof10points,1pointforeacherrorcorrected)

Thefollowingparagraphscontain10errors.Eachindicatedlinecontains

ONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofread

theparagraphandcorrectitinthefollowingway:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthe

blankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“^”sign

andwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheend

oftheline.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andput

thewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

EXAMPLE

【答案與解析】

(1)non-surgically→non-surgical

(修飾名詞“procedures”,應該用形容詞,non-surgical非手術的。)

(2)正確

(3)in→for

(forthemostpart多半;就絕大部分而言。固定詞組。)

(4)life→lives

(their后面應用life的復數名詞形式lives。)

(5)in→with

(withconfidence自信地。inconfidence秘密地。)

(6)burning→burn

(burn可作名詞,表示“燒傷,灼傷”。)

(7)restore→restores

(主語是“reconstructivesurgery”,是單數名詞,所以謂語動詞也應該用

單數形式“restores”。)

(8)the→a

(way在這里第一次提到,表示“以一種……的方式”,這種方式前面沒

提到,不是特指,不可以用定冠詞the。)

(9)去掉a

(Itistimeforsbtodosth.固定句型。)

(10)with→without

(綜合全文來看,作者認為社區醫療成員應在不帶偏見和嫉妒之心的前

提下對整容手術的利弊做出衡量。)

B.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedpart

ineachsentence(totalof10points,0.5pointforeachquestion).

1.Becausenoisesmodulateradiofrequency,radiostationsuseabandof

frequenciestopreventinterferencewithotherstations.

A.govern

B.adapt

C.temper

D.renovate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:噪音改變了無線電頻率,電臺用頻帶來防止其他電臺的

干擾。modulate調整,控制;使變調。govern統治,管理;影響。adapt

使適應。temper使緩和,使溫和。renovate更新;改善。

2.Afossilisaremnantofaonce-livingorganism.

A.bone

B.solvent

C.picture

D.vestige

【答案】D

【解析】句意:化石是曾經存活的生物的遺跡。remnant遺跡;殘余,

剩余。vestige遺跡;殘余。solvent溶劑;解決方法。picture圖片。

3.Whensquashedthestemandleavesofthejewelweedexudeajuicethat

willsoothesomeskinirritations.

A.boiled

B.aged

C.crushed

D.chopped

【答案】C

【解析】句意:鳳仙花受到擠壓時,它的莖和葉會流出一種汁液,這種

汁液可緩解皮膚過敏癥狀。squash壓扁,擠壓。crush壓碎,壓壞。boil

煮熟。age使表老,使(味道)變醇。chop砍;剁碎。

4.Thelegislativefilibusterisaparliamentarytacticdesignedtodelayor

preventactionbythemajority.

A.tradition

B.rule

C.observance

D.maneuver

【答案】D

【解析】句意:合法的阻撓手段是用來推遲或阻止多數黨采取行動的一

種合乎議會法規的策略。tactic策略。maneuver謀略,策略;(部隊等的)

調動;機動。tradition傳統。rule規則,條例。observance遵守;注意,

觀察。

5.Oceanwavescancutimposingcliffsalongcoastlines.

A.immobile

B.impermeable

C.impressive

D.imaginative

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海浪能沿著海岸線切斷宏偉的懸崖峭壁。imposing壯觀

的,氣勢宏偉的。impressive給人深刻影響的;威嚴的。immobile不動

的,固定的。impermeable不可滲透的。imaginative富于想象的。

6.Mergersmaybeeffectedtoreviveorrejuvenatefailingbusinessesbythe

infusionofnewmanagementandpersonnel.

A.inspection

B.introduction

C.evaluation

D.concentration

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通過注入新的管理方式和錄用新的員工,企業兼并能夠

有效地使那些瀕臨破產的企業恢復活力。infusion注入,灌入。

introduction介紹;引進。inspection檢查,審視。evaluation評估。

concentration集中;專注。

7.Afableisadidactictalefocusedonasinglecharactertrail.

A.anauthentic

B.amuddied

C.aninstructive

D.anold-fashioned

【答案】C

【解析】句意:寓言是有教育意義的故事,這種故事集中于對單一人物

的追蹤描述。didactic教導的,教誨的。instructive有教育意義的,有啟

發性的。authentic真實的,可靠的。old-fashioned舊式的,過時的。

8.Thecompactdictionariespublishedinrecentyearsarenotasunwieldyas

someoftheoldereditions.

A.complete

B.tiresome

C.reliable

D.cumbersome

【答案】D

【解析】句意:最近幾年出版的簡明字典不像舊版字典那樣讓人覺得使

用起來很不方便。unwieldy不靈便的,使用不便的。cumbersome笨重

的;難處理的。complete完整的。tiresome使人疲勞的;煩人的。

9.AuthorKatherineSherwoodMcDowellhadaknackforconverting

almosteveryexperienceintomarketableprose.

A.anaptitudefor

B.anobsessionwith

C.analternativeto

D.apurposefor

【答案】A

【解析】句意:作家凱瑟琳·舍伍德·麥克道爾總有本領將他的每次經歷

寫成暢銷散文。knack本領;技巧,訣竅。aptitude天資,才能。

obsession著迷;困擾。alternative選擇。purpose目的

10.SouthCarolina’smineralresourcesareabundant,butnotallofthemcan

belucrativelymined.

A.profitably

B.safely

C.easily

D.extensively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:南卡羅來那州有豐富的礦產資源,但并不是所有對這些

資源的開采都是有利可圖的。lucratively賺錢地,有利可圖地。

profitably有利地,有益地。safely安全地。easily容易地。extensively廣

泛地。

11.Ravagedbypollutionandwar,manyfamousmonumentshavebecome

erodedandstained.

A.discolored

B.dismembered

C.displaced

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:受到污染和戰爭的破壞,許多著名的歷史遺跡已經被腐

蝕或玷污了。stained玷污的;著色的。discolored玷污的;褪色的。

dismembered分割的。displace被取代的。distinctive有特色的,特殊的。

12.Oriolesarearborealbirds,andwhentheydescendtotheground,itis

mainlytogathernestmaterials.

A.territorial

B.tree-dwelling

C.consummate

D.grumpy

【答案】B

【解析】句意:黃鸝是一種棲息在樹上的鳥,當它們落到地面時,主要

是為了采集搭巢的材料。arboreal棲息在樹上的。tree-dwelling居于樹上

的。territorial領土的;地區的。consummate熟練的,技藝高超的。

grumpy性情乖戾的。

13.LouisaMayAlcott’snovelLittleWomen,whichrecountsthe

experiencesofthefourMarchsistersduringtheAmericanCivilwar,is

largelyautobiographical.

A.praises

B.narrates

C.exaggerates

D.classifies

【答案】B

【解析】句意:露意莎·梅·奧爾柯特的小說《小婦人》在很大程度上是

自傳體的,小說敘述了美國內戰期間馬奇家四姐妹的經歷。recount敘

述,描述。narrate敘述。praise表揚。exaggerate夸張。classify把……分

類。

14.Fertilizerappliedtosoilcanreplacedepletednutrients.

A.organic

B.acidic

C.exhausted

D.desirable

【答案】C

【解析】句意:施于土壤中的廢料能代替枯竭的營養素。depleted耗盡

的,枯竭的。exhausted耗盡的,用完的。organic有機的;器官的。

acidic酸性的。desirable值得向往的。

15.Galena,thechieforeoflead,isabrittlemineralwithametallicluster.

A.hazel

B.dense

C.breakable

D.sparking

【答案】C

【解析】句意:皮帶含有的主要礦物成分是方鉛礦,它是一種具有金屬

光澤的脆性礦物。brittle脆的,易碎的。breakable易破壞的,脆的。

hazel淡褐色的。dense密集的。sparking發出火花的,閃光的。

16.InHawaii,endemicbirds,suchastheomaoandtheapapane,dwellin

thevolcanichighlandsandtropicalrainforests.

A.alluring

B.aquatic

C.graceful

D.native

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在夏威夷,像夏威夷鵝口瘡和白臀蜜鳥這樣的本地鳥都

棲息在火山性高地和熱帶雨林地區。endemic某地特有的。native本地

的;天然的。alluring迷人的,吸引人的。aquatic水生的,水棲的。

graceful優美的,典雅的。

17.Biologistshaveascertainedthatspecializedcellsconvertchemical

energyintomechanicalenergy.

A.determined

B.argued

C.hypothesized

D.griped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:生物學家已經確定特化細胞能把化學能轉化成機械能。

ascertain查明,確定,弄清。determine決定;確定。argue爭論;主張。

hypothesize假設,假定。grip理解,掌握;緊握。

18.Pocahonta,aseventeenthcenturyPowhatanIndian,wenttothe

Jamestowncolonyasherfather’semissary.

A.ward

B.attendant

C.messenger

D.translator

【答案】C

【解析】句意:波卡洪塔斯,一個十七世紀的坡瓦坦印第安人,來到詹

姆斯頓殖民地當她父親的特使。emissary特使,密使。messenger信差,

信息源。ward病房,病室。attendant陪從;侍者。translator譯員。

19.Neonlightisutilizedinairportbeaconsbecauseitcanpermeatefog.

A.passthrough

B.transmit

C.suspend

D.breakup

【答案】A

【解析】句意:霓虹燈可被用作機場的指向標,因為它能穿過霧層。

permeate滲入,透過。passthrough穿過,通過。transmit傳遞,傳達。

suspend懸掛;使中止。breakup解散;中斷。

20.AlexanderWoollcott’sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessof

witwithsentimentality.

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singular

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意:亞歷山大·伍爾科特喜歡炫耀的個性是睿智與多愁善感

的結合體。flamboyant炫耀的,浮夸的。showy炫耀的,浮夸的;引人注

目的。devious迂回的;不正直的。humorous幽默的。singular單一的;

異常的。

C.Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachsentence(totalof10

points,0.5pointforeachquestion).

1.Theformandphysiologyofleavesvaryaccordingtothe_____inwhich

theydevelop:forexample,leavesdisplayawiderrangeofadaptationsto

differentdegreesoflightandmoisture.

A.relationship

B.sequence

C.patterns

D.environment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:葉子的形狀和生理機能隨著它生長環境的變化而變化。

例如,葉子會調節自身去適應環境中光度和水分的變化。從所舉的有

關“light”和“moisture.”的例子中,可推斷應填入“light”和“moisture”的上

義詞“environment”。

2.Sincemost,ifnotall,learningoccursthrough_____,relatingone

observationtoanother,itwouldbestrangeindeedifthestudyofother

culturesdidnotalsoilluminatethestudyofourown.

A.assumptions

B.experiments

C.comparisons

D.repetitions

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因為大部分學習都是通過比較,即把一個觀察現象與另

一個聯系起來,來進行的,所以如果學習另一種文化,卻不能很好的闡

明我們自己的文化,這就著實有點太離譜了。根據此空后面解釋說明的

部分“relatingoneobservationtoanother”,可推斷此處應填C項。

3.Hehadexpectedgratitudeforhisdisclosure,butinsteadheencountered

_____borderingonhostility.

A.patience

B.discretion

C.ineptitude

D.indifference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他本期望別人會因他(對此事)的揭發而對他深表感

謝,但恰恰相反,他受到了冷漠,甚至會引起別人的敵意。通過“but

instead”可推斷所填詞應與“gratitude”表示相反的意思,所以選擇D項。

indifference冷漠。

4.AlthoughSimpsonwasingeniousat_____toappearinnovativeand

spontaneous,beneaththeruseheremaineduninspiredandrigidinhis

approachtoproblem-solving.

A.intending

B.contriving

C.forbearing

D.declining

【答案】B

【解析】句意:雖然辛普森可以利用計謀來表現地富有創新意識和自然

大方,但在他的計謀背后,他處理問題時卻總是那么平庸死板,一點也

不靈活。根據句首的“although”可推斷前后兩句是轉折關系,后半句說

他辦事死板,說明他的靈活與創新是偽裝的,是用計謀達到的。

contriveto以計謀達成。intendto打算。forbearto忍耐,克制。declineto

婉拒。

5.BecausemodernscientistsfindtheancientGreekviewofthecosmos

outdatedandirrelevant,theynowperceiveitasonlyof_____interest.

A.historical

B.intrinsic

C.experimental

D.superfluous

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因為現代科學家發現古希臘關于宇宙的觀點是過時的、

不恰當的,所以他們現在認為它只與歷史研究相關。historical歷史的;

與歷史相關的。intrinsic本身的,固有的。experimental實驗性的。

superfluous多余的。

6.Inspiteoftheincreasing_____oftheiropinions,thegroupknewthey

hadtoarriveataconsensussothattheawardcouldbepresented.

A.impartiality

B.judiciousness

C.polarity

D.consistency

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然他們的觀點越來越出現對立面,但這個團隊成員都

知道他們不得不達成一致意見,以便于能得到這個獎項。polarity極性;

對立。impartiality公平,公正。judiciousness賢明,明智。consistency一

致性;穩定性。

7.Ironically,theproperuseoffigurativelanguagemustbebasedonthe

denotativemeaningofthewords,becauseitisthefailuretorecognize

this_____meaningthatleadstomixedmetaphorsandtheirattendant

incongruity.

A.esoteric

B.literal

C.allusive

D.symbolic

【答案】B

【解析】句意:比喻句子的合理運用必須基于單詞的外延意,這一點極

具諷刺意義,因為正是由于沒能意識到單詞表面的意思才導致繁雜的隱

喻以及隨之產生的不調和錯誤。literal字面的。symbolic象征性的。

esoteric隱秘的。allusive暗指的;含典故的。

8.Althoughanydestructionofvitaminscausedbyfoodirradiationcouldbe

_____theuseofdietsupplements,theremaybenoprotectionfrom

carcinogensthatsomefearmightbeintroducedintofoodsbytheprocess.

A.counterbalancedby

B.attributedto

C.augmentedwith

D.stimulatedby

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然食品輻照引起的維他命損害可以通過攝入膳食補充

劑得到彌補,但還沒有辦法保護人們不受致癌物的侵害,于是對食物的

擔心便產生了。counterbalance彌補;使平衡。attributeto歸因于。

augment擴大,增加。stimulate刺激。

9.Dataconcerningtheeffectsonasmallpopulationofhighconcentrations

ofapotentiallyhazardouschemicalarefrequentlyusedto_____theeffects

onalargepopulationofloweramountsofthesamechemical.

A.verify

B.redress

C.predict

D.realize

【答案】C

【解析】句意:潛在的危險性化學藥品對高度集中的小種群造成了影

響,有關這些影響的數據常常被用來預測同樣性質的少量化學藥品對大

種群造成的影響。predict預測,預知。verify證實,核實。redress糾正;

補償。realize實現。

10.EarlycriticsofEmilyDickinson’spoetrymistookforsimplemindedness

thesurfaceofartlessnessthatinfactsheconstructedwithsuch_____.

A.astonishment

B.vexation

C.allusion

D.cunning

【答案】D

【解析】句意:早期對艾米莉·狄金森詩歌的批評誤把她的樸實看成是

頭腦簡單的,實際上,這是她的匠心獨用所在。根據“infact”可推斷,

所填詞應與“simplemindedness”表示相反的意思。cunning靈巧,熟練;

狡猾,奸詐。astonishment驚訝,驚奇。vexation煩惱,苦惱。allusion暗

示;隱喻;典故。

11.Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeen

gainingfavoras_____toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

A.areaction

B.anaddition

C.anintroduction

D.analternative

【答案】D

【解析】句意:今年初銷售變得緩慢后,拖車住房已成為除價格飛漲的

傳統住房外人們的另一選擇,因而受到人們的喜愛。alternative供選擇

的東西。reaction反應。addition增加的人或物。introduction介紹;引

進。

12.Althoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentalstatesoccurinan

orderlysequence,theirtiming_____withregardtoonsetandduration.

A.lasts

B.varies

C.falters

D.accelerates

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管青少年的成熟與發育狀態是按照一種有條不紊的順

序發生的,但其時間指控卻在起始和延續長度方面各不相同。vary變

化,呈多樣性。last延續。falter蹣跚;猶豫。accelerate加速,增加。

13.Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan_____scientificdisciplinethat

nowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesas

othersciences.

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.uncontrolled

【答案】A

【解析】句意:心理學已緩慢地演變成一種獨立的、具有科學性的學

科,現在可以肅立自護地運作,擁有與其他學科相同的獨立地位和責

任。independent獨立的。unusual不尋常的。outmoded老式的,過時的。

uncontrolled不受控制的。

14.Notingthemurdervictim’sflaccidmusculatureandpear-likefigure,she

deducedthattheunfortunatefellowhadearnedhislivinginsome_____

occupation.

A.treacherous

B.ill-paying

C.illegitimate

D.sedentary

【答案】D

【解析】句意:注意到這個被謀殺的受害人松弛的肌肉的梨形的身材,

她推斷這個不幸的家伙曾經是一位長期坐著的職業者。sedentary久坐

的,固定不動的。treacherous背叛的;不牢靠的。illegitimate非法的。

ill-paying報酬低的。

15.Thediscoverythat,frictionexcluded,allbodiesfallatthesamerateis

sosimpletostateandtograspthatthereisatendencyto_____its

significance.

A.underrate

B.reassess

C.praise

D.eliminate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:忽略摩擦的情況下,所有物體會以同樣的速率下落,這

一發現非常容易被抓住和闡述,以至于有一種低估它的重要性的趨勢。

空格填入一個動詞,表示對“它的重要性(itssignificance)”做的動作。

so…that…表示因果關系,所以空格填上以后要表達和“非常容易抓住并

闡述(simpletostateandtograsp)”一致的含義,所以空格應該對“重要

性”做負動作,表示“不那么重視”。underrate低估。reassess再評價,再

估價。praise表揚。eliminate排除,消除。

16.Thepaintingwaslargerthanitappearedtobe,forhanginginadarkened

recessofthechapel,itwas_____bytheperspective.

A.improved

B.diminished

C.embellished

D.jeopardized

【答案】B

【解析】句意:畫其實要比看上去大,(只是)因為掛在這樣一個黑暗

的小教堂休庭里,由于透視效果而被看起來縮小了。diminish減小。

improve提高。embellish美化。jeopardize危及,損害。

17.Becausefolkartisneithercompletelyrejectednoracceptedasanart

formbyarthistorians,theirfinalevaluationsofitnecessarilyremain_____.

A.arbitrary

B.estimable

C.equivocal

D.orthodox

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因為民間藝術既沒有被藝術歷史學家作為一種藝術形式

徹底拒絕,也沒有被全面接受,所以他們對民間藝術的最終評價必然是

模棱兩可的。equivocal有歧義的;模棱兩可,不確定的。arbitrary隨心

所欲的。estimable可估計的;值得尊敬的。orthodox正統的。

18.Althougheconomistshavetraditionallyconsideredthedistricttobe

solelyanagriculturalone,the_____oftheinhabitants’occupationsmakes

suchaclassificationobsolete.

A.productivity

B.diversity

C.predictability

D.profitability

【答案】B

【解析】句意:雖然傳統上經濟學家認為這個區域是單一的農業區,但

該地居民職業的多樣性使這樣的劃分顯得過時了。句首的“although”暗

示前后句是轉折關系,因此可推斷所填詞應與“solely”表示相反的意

思。diversity多樣性。productivity生產力。predictability可預測性。

profitability有利性。

19.Althoughspecificconcernsmaydeterminetheintentofaresearch

project,itsresultsareoften_____.

A.unanticipated

B.beneficial

C.spectacular

D.specialized

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然具體的關注能決定一個研究課題的意圖,但研究的

結果常常卻是不可預見的。unanticipated不可預見的。beneficial有利

的。spectacular壯觀的;引人注目的。specialized專門的;專業的。

20.Thenotionthataparasitecanalterthebehaviorofahostorganismisnot

merefiction;indeed,thephenomenonisnoteven_____.

A.observable

B.real

C.comprehended

D.rare

【答案】D

【解析】句意:寄生蟲能改變寄住物的行為的觀點不是虛構的,這種現

象的確不罕見。“indeed”表明前后句要表達一個意思,“notrare”與“not

fiction”表達的意思相似。

PartII.ReadingComprehension

Readeachofthefollowingpassages.Choosethemostappropriatefromthe

fourchoicestocompletethesentenceoranswerthequestion.Answerthe

questionorwriteasummaryasisrequired.(totalof40points,2pointsfor

eachquestion).

PassageA

Notationgavewesternmusicameansofwrittenrecord,butatfirstonlyfora

kindofmusic,chant,thatwasbelievedtohaveoriginatedhalfamillennium

andmoreinthepast—tobe,effectively,ageless.Earlymedievalchants

sprangfromthewholetimeofeternalsameness,whichtheysoreadily

convey,andsimilarlytherewasnomeasureofthetimewithinthem—the

rhythm.Thenmeasurecame.Andwithitcamethefirstidentifiable

composersandpreciselydatableworks.

Wherechantwasofapiecewithothermusicaltraditionsinbeingself-

sufficientmelody,workingwithinamodalsystem,belongingtonocreator

(buttoGod)anddesignedforworship,thenewmusicofthetwentieth

centuryopenedadistinctivelywesternpath.Themeasuringoftimewasthe

beginningnotonlyofrhythmicnotation—known,farbeyondEurope,tothe

IndiantheoristSarngadevainthefirsthalfofthethirteenthcentury—butalso

ofmusicinvolvingcoordinationamongsingerscarryingdifferentmelodies,

ofpolyphony.This,too,wasbynomeansconfinedtothewedgeofland

betweentheMediterraneanandtheAtlantic:thegamelanmusicofBali,a

traditionindependentofEurope,iscomparablewithearlywesternpolyphony

initssuperpositionofdifferenttimestreams,fastandslow,whilethemusic

ofmanysub-SaharanAfricanpeoplesoftenpilesupdissimilarrhythmic

layersinwaysforeigntoEuropeoutsidecertainspecialrepertories

(fourteenth-centurysongandsomemusicsince1950).But,fromthetwelfth

centurytothefifteenth,polyphonyinthewestgraduallymovedawayfrom

therepetitivestructuresthatwereretainedonBaliorincentralAfricaas

Europeansdiscoveredhowharmonycouldresultincontinuousflow.

Thesource,asofsomuchinwesternculture,wasamisunderstandingof

classicalGreekknowledge,againacquiredthroughBoethius.Hehadnothing

tosayaboutharmonyinthesenseofchords,butheconveyedaGeek

satisfactionintheprimacyoftheoctaveandthefifth,whichmedieval

musicianstookasmodelsofconsonance(theeuphoniouscombiningnotes).

Justasessentialweredissonantcombinations,lackingeuphony,forthese

wouldintensifytheneedforconsonance.Adissonanceplacedimmediately

beforeafinalconsonancewouldproduceafirmlyconclusiveending—a

cadence,suchasbecameanessentialofwesternmusic.Extendingbackfrom

thecadence,theforcesofharmony,marshaledthroughrelationshipsbetween

eachchordandthenext,couldamplifythedirectionalsensealreadypresent

inthemelody—thesenseofmovementtowardsarestingpointonthelast

note.Thustimemeasuredbecametimedecisivelyhavingagoal,andmusic

couldemulatetheprogressineveryhumansoultowardseternity.

Musicmirrored,too,howtimegenerallywasbeingtold.Guido’sstaff

notationcameroughlywhenwaterclockswerereintroducedfromByzantium

andIslam,enablingmonkstoknowwhenaservicewasduefromthelevel

reachedbywaterslowlyfillingavessel.Thusreading,whetherofa

chantbookorawatergauge,substitutedformemoryandintuition.Exact

synchronybetweenmusicandtimewaslostalittlewhenclockwork

mechanismsappearedinthemid-thirteenthcentury,halfacenturylaterthan

thegear-drivenmusicproducedatNotreDameinParis.However,the

perfectionofhour-chimingwithhour-chimingcapabilities,inthe

astronomicalclockmadebyRichardWallingfordforSt.AlbansAbbey

(1327-36),strikinglycoincidedwiththeperfectionofrhythmicnotationthat

spreadfromParisandgavemusicitsownmachineryoftimelengths.

Choosethemostappropriatefromthefourchoicestoanswerthequestionor

completethesentence.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A.TheDevelopmentofRhythm

B.TimeMeasured.

C.NotationandTime

D.MusicandCivilization

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforenotationappeared_____.

A.musicwasalwaysrenewedandcouldlastonlyaslongasmemory

B.musicpresentedpeoplewiththreetimesatonce:thenowinwhichthey

heardit,thetheninwhichitwasmade,andthefurtherthenofwhenthepiece

wascomposed

C.polyphonyhadalreadybeendevelopedtosuchadegreethatdifferent

melodiescarriedbydifferentsingerscouldformacoordinatedharmony

D.musicmostlywasnotimprovisedandwasnotdatedwithprecision

3.TheauthorwouldmostlikelyconsiderWesternmusicandthemusicof

non-Westernculturesas_____.

A.respectivelyrevolutionaryandconservative

B.equalbutdistinct

C.bothhomogeneousandheterogeneous

D.illustrativeofadvancementandbackwardness

4.Thepassagestatesthat_____.

A.musicandcivilizationcomplementeachotherandcontradicteachother

B.rhythmicnotationappearedbecausehumanbeingscouldtelltimeinanew

way

C.notationappearedwhenmusicalworkswerenolongeranonymousand

non-datable

D.theappearanceofrhythmicnotationmanifestsanewstageofhuman

beings’quantitativemethodofthought

【答案與解析】

1.D本文講了音樂如何隨著歷史的演變而不斷發展,第二、三。四段

揭示了音樂與不同地區、不同歷史發展階段。不同文化之間的關系。所

以選項D最合適,揭示了音樂與文明之間的關系。

2.D第一段最后一句提到,隨著拍子的產生,第一批作曲家產生了,

第一批可準確確定時間的作品也產生了。據此可推斷,在音樂符號產生

之間,即在節拍產生之前,音樂不能被即興創作,也不能被準確記錄。

所以選項D正確。

3.C第二段第三句,多聲部音樂不僅出現在歐洲,在一些非歐洲地區

如巴厘島和撒哈拉沙漠以南地區也出現了相同的音樂形式,說明西方和

非西方音樂有相似性。接著,本段最后一句,作者又指出從十二到十五

世紀,歐洲多陰部音樂不再局限于巴厘島和中非的音樂形式的束縛,變

得連續而和諧,說明西方和非西方音樂又有相異性,故選C。

4.D最后一段最后一句講到,具有報時裝置的鐘表的完美運行與韻律

符號同時產生??蓳送茢?,韻律符號的出現表明人類定量思維方式的

新階段,這與D項吻合。

Writeasummary.

5.Summarizethepassagein4or5sentences.

【答案】Thepassagedemonstratedhowmusicevolvedtogetherwithtime

measure.Earlymedievalchantsoriginatedhalfamillenniumandmoreinthe

pasthadnomeasureoftimewithinthem.Theappearanceofrhythmic

notationandpolyphonymarkedthebeginningoftimemeasure.Infact,the

developmentofmusicreflectedhowmeasureofthetimedeveloped.

PassageB

Frenchtoys:Onecouldnotfindabetterillustrationofthefactthattheadult

Frenchmanseesthechildasanotherself.Allthetoysonecommonlyseesare

essentiallyamicrocosmoftheadultworld;theyareallreducedcopiesof

humanobjects,asifintheeyesofthepublicthechildwas,alltold,nothing

butasmallerman,ahomunculustowhommustbesuppliedobjectsofhis

ownsize.

Inventedformsareveryrare:afewsetsofblocks,whichappealtothespirit

ofdo-it-yourself,aretheonlyoneswhichofferdynamicforms.Asforthe

others,Frenchtoysalwaysmeansomething,andthissomethingisalways

entirelysocialized,constitutedbythemythsorthetechniquesofmodern

adultlife:thearmy,broadcasting,thepostoffice,medicine(miniature

instrument-cases,operatingtheatersfordolls),school,hairstyling(driersfor

permanent-waving),theairforce(parachutists),transport(trains,Citro?ns,

Vedettes,Vespas,petrolstations),science(Martiantoys).

ThefactthatFrenchtoysliterallyprefiguretheworldofadultfunctions

obviouslycannotbutpreparethechildtoacceptthemall,byconstitutingfor

him,evenbeforehecanthinkaboutit,thealibiofaNaturewhichhasatall

timescreatedsoldiers,postmen,andVespas.Toyshererevealthelistofall

thethingstheadultdoesnotfindunusual:war,bureaucracy,ugliness,

Martians,etc.itisnotsomuch,infact,theimitationwhichishesignofan

abdication,asitsliteralness:FrenchtoysarelikeaJivarohead,inwhichone

recognizes,shrunkentothesizeofanapple,thewrinklesandhairofanadult.

Thereexist,forinstance,dollswhichurinate;theyhaveanesophagus,one

givesthemabottle,theywettheirnappies;soon,nodoubt,milkwillturnto

waterintheirstomachs.Thisismeanttopreparethelittlegirlforthe

causalityofhousekeeping,to“condition”hertoherfutureroleasmother.

However,facedwiththisworldoffaithfulandcomplicatedobjects,thechild

canonlyidentifyhimselfasowner,asuser,neverascreator;hedoesnot

inventtheworld,heusesit:Thereare,preparedforhim,actionswithout

adventure,withoutwonder,withoutjoy.Heisturnedintoalittlestay-at-

homehouseholderwhodoesnotevenhavetoinventthemainspringsofadult

causality;theyaresuppliedtohimready-made:Hehasonlytohelphimself,

heisneverallowedtodiscoveranythingfromstarttofinish.Themerestset

ofblocks,provideditisnottoorefined,impliesaverydifferentlearningof

theworld:Then,thechilddoesnotinanywaycreatemeaningfulobjects,it

matterslittletohimwhethertheyhaveanadultname;theactionsheperforms

arenotthoseofauserhutthoseofademiurge.Hecreatesformswhichwalk,

whichroll,hecreateslife,notproperty:Objectsno,actbythemselves,they

arenolongeraninertandcomplicatedmaterialinthepalmofhishand.But

suchtoysareratherrare:Frenchtoysareusuallybasedonimitation,theyare

meanttoproducechildrenwhoareusers,notcreators.

Thebourgeoisstatusoftoyscanberecognizednotonlyintheirforms,which

areallfunctional,butalsointheirsubstances.Currenttoysaremadeofa

gracelessmaterial,theproductofchemistry,notofnature.Manyarenow

moldedfromcomplicatedmixtures;theplasticmaterialofwhichtheyare

madehasanappearanceatoncegrossandhygienic,itdestroysallthe

pleasure,thesweetness,thehumanityoftouch.Asignwhichfillsonewith

consternationisthegradualdisappearanceofwood,inspiteofitsbeingan

idealmaterialbecauseofitsfirmnessanditssoftness,andthenaturalwarmth

ofitstouch.Woodremoves,fromalltheformswhichitsupports,the

woundingqualityofangleswhicharetoosharp,thechemicalcoldnessof

metal.Whenthechildhandlesitandknocksit,itneithervibratesnorgrates,

ithasasoundatoncemuffledandsharp.Itisafamiliarandpoeticsubstance,

whichdoesnotseverthechildfromclosecontactwiththetree,thetable,the

floor.Wooddoesnotwoundorbreakdown;itdoesnotshatter,itwearsout,

itcanlastalongtime,livewiththechild,alterlittlebylittletherelations

betweentheobjectandthehand.Ifitdies,itisindwindling,notinswelling

outlikethosemechanicaltoyswhichdisappearbehindtheherniaofabroken

spring.Woodmakesessentialobjects,objectsforalltime.Yettherehardly

remainanyofthesewoodentoysfromtheYosges,thesefretworkfarmswith

theiranimals,whichwereonlypossible,itistrue,inthedaysofthe

craftsman.Henceforth,toysarechemicalinsubstanceandcolor;theirvery

materialintroducesonetoacoenaesthesisofuse,notpleasure.Thesetoysdie

infactveryquickly,andoncedead,theyhavenoposthumouslifeforthe

child.

Choosethemostappropriatefromthefourchoicestocompletethesentence.

6.Inthispassage,theauthoranalyzesFrenchtoysforcluesthatreveal

_____.

A.howtoyspreventchildrenfromgettingaccesstosocialrealityandbeing

educatedinearlierwaysoflife

B.toysasbarriersbetweentherealculturalandideologicalfunctionsoftoys

andtheirfunctionsofreplicatingnature

C.howFrenchtoysinsubstance,form,andmaterialreconfirmsFrench

valuesandwaysoflife

D.toysasideologicallyconstitutedsignsloadedwiththemythsortraditions

ofmodemadultlife

7.Thepassageisoverall_____.

A.informalandironic

B.criticalyetsympathetic

C.academicandphilosophic

D.observantandsatiric

8.By“Itisnotsomuch,infact,theimitationwhichisthesignofan

abdication,asitsliteralness”inparagraph2,theauthormeanstosaythatthe

_____ofFrenchtoysisthesignofanabdication.

A.literariness

B.precision

C.verbatim

D.verisimilitude

9.Theauthorofthepassagebelievesthatmore_____toysarelesslikelyto

carrytheideologicalsignsofthecultureandthusallowformorefreedomand

creativityonthepartofthechild.

A.primitive

B.sophisticated

C.abstract

D.elaborate

【答案與解析】

6.D第二段第二句提到“…andthissomethingisalwaysentirely

socialized,constitutedbythemythsorthetechniquesofmodernadult

life?!狈▏耐婢呖偺N含著一些神話故事或現代成人生活中的一些技巧

性知識。所以選項D正確。

7.B第三段第一句提到,法國玩具總是象征著成人世界的一些東西,

這就免不了讓孩子們被迫接受一些東西。據此可看出,作者對法國玩具

是懷有批評態度的。

8.C這句話是說,“實際上,模仿并不是失敗的跡象,真正的失敗在于

完全的照搬。C項“verbatim”意思是“逐字翻譯”,“照搬”,與原

文“literalness”同義。

9.C作者在第二段提到法國的玩具總把一些神話故事或現代成人生活

中的一些技巧性知識直接傳授給孩子,給孩子很少的想象與創新空間。

所以可見,作者認為玩具越抽象,就越含有更少的文化意識,就越能給

孩子更多的想象和創新空間。

Answerthequestionacco

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