Lesson69Butnotmurder【Text】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!'【課文翻譯】我第3次接受駕駛執(zhí)照考試。按照要求在車輛擁擠的路上駕駛，我圓滿地完成了。在接到把車開出城的指令后，我開始有了信心。確信我已通過考試，所以我?guī)缀蹰_始喜歡起這次考試。主考人對我的駕駛想必是滿意的，因?yàn)樗⑿χf：只剩1項(xiàng)了。讓我們假設(shè)一個(gè)小孩子突然在你前面穿過馬路。我一敲車窗，你必須把車停在5”我繼續(xù)往前開著。過了一會(huì)兒，主考人砰砰地敲了起來。雖然聲音聽得很清楚，但我過了好一會(huì)兒才作出反應(yīng)。我突然用力踩緊剎車踏板，結(jié)果我倆的身體都向前沖去。主考人傷心地看著我。調(diào)說，”Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語murdern.謀殺instructv.命令，指示acquirev.取得，獲得confidencen.信心examinern.主考人supposev.假設(shè)tapv.輕敲reactv.反應(yīng)braken.剎車pedaln.踏板mournfuladj.悲哀的【生詞講】murdern.謀殺，謀殺案e.g.sixmurdersinoneweek一周之內(nèi)的六起謀殺案beguiltyofmurder犯謀殺。commitmurder進(jìn)行謀殺v.murdersbwithsth用--謀殺人e.g.Hemurderedhiswifewithaknife.他用刀謀殺了他的妻。糟蹋：murderapieceofmusic糟蹋了一首樂曲murderer謀殺犯，兇手murderess女兇手Kill：(v.)---Assassinate(v.)---Murder(v.)---Slaughter(v.)---e.g.Twopeoplewerekilledinacaraccident.在一次車禍中有兩人生。e.g.PresidentKennedywasassassinatedinDallasin1963.肯尼迪總于1963年在達(dá)拉斯被暗殺。e.g.Itissaidthatonepersonwasmurderedonthebeach.據(jù)說一個(gè)人在海灘上被謀殺了。e.g.TensofthousandswereslaughteredonthebattlefieldsofMacedonia.成千上萬的人在馬其頓戰(zhàn)場上被殺死了。instruct及物詞vt.1）指示,命令,吩咐e.g.Heinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomer.他吩咐我把東西送去給2）教授;;指[(+in)]e.g.MyjobistoinstructherinEnglish.我的工作是教她英語。3）通知,告知e.g.Myagenthasinstructedmethatyoustilloweme$150.我的代理人告訴我你還欠我一百五十美。4）【律】委派,委托acquire1）v.取得，獲得，學(xué)到（知識(shí)、技術(shù)、語，養(yǎng)成（習(xí)慣）e.g.MaryacquiredagoodknowledgeofChineseinfiveyears'time.acquireahabitofdoingsth.養(yǎng)成??的習(xí)慣e.g.Tomacquiredahabitofsmoking.acquireconfidence獲得信心V.1.(正式)購得,(尤指昂貴的或難以得到的東西)e.g.ThemuseumhasmanagedtoacquireanimportantworkbyDali.博物館設(shè)法弄到了(西班牙超現(xiàn)實(shí)主畫)達(dá)利的一副重要作品。2）掌握，獲得（知識(shí)、技能等）.e.g.Ilookonitasanopportunitytoacquirefreshskills.我把這當(dāng)做是一次學(xué)習(xí)新技能的機(jī)會(huì)。e.g.Theteamhasacquiredafearsomereputation.這支隊(duì)伍贏得了令人生畏的名聲。Acquireatastefor開始喜歡上。e.g.Thisbeerisn’tbad.I’mbeginningtoacquireatasteforit.這啤酒不錯(cuò)。我開始愛喝了。confidence名詞n.自信,信心,把握[U][(+in)][+to-v][+that]e.g.Helacksconfidenceinhimself.他缺少自信。信賴,信任[U][(+in)]e.g.Wehaveconfidenceinthemayor.我們信任這位市長。tohave/loseconfidenceinsb。lackofconfidence缺乏信心e.g.Ihavemuchconfidenceinhim我對他很有信心inconfidence當(dāng)作秘密e.g.Iamtellingyouthisinconfidence我現(xiàn)在告訴你的這件事情是個(gè)秘密（strictconfidence絕密）confidentadj.confidentofsth/thate.g.Heisconfidentofvictory他對勝利充滿信心e.g.aconfidentsmile一個(gè)自信的微笑examiner名詞n.主考人;檢查人;審查員[C]suppose及物動(dòng)詞vt.1）猜想,以為[+(that)]e.g.Isupposeheisstillintown.我想他還在城里。2）期望;認(rèn)為必須,認(rèn)為應(yīng)該e.g.You'renotsupposedtotakethebooksoutoftheroom.這些書不能拿出屋去。3）必須以...為前提e.g.Everyeffectsupposesacause.任何事的產(chǎn)生都必然有其原因。★句法運(yùn)用1）besupposedtodosth.(尤指因?yàn)橐?guī)定或掌權(quán)者的指示)被期望做；應(yīng)該。e.g.You’resupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom.你如果要離開教室，應(yīng)該先問問老師。本應(yīng)，本該（用于表示某事本應(yīng)發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生）e.g.ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwe’vehadtopostponeit.這個(gè)會(huì)本應(yīng)該星期二舉行，但我們不得不把他推遲了2）besupposedtobesth.被相信是。，被認(rèn)為。e.g.Thecastleissupposedtobehaunted.人們相信這座城堡鬧鬼。3）認(rèn)為；料想；猜想；假定Suppose(that)...e.g.Whatmakesyousuppose(that)we’regoingtosellthehouse?你憑什么認(rèn)為我們準(zhǔn)備把這房子賣掉4）（正式）假定，預(yù)期；以。e.g.Thecompany’splansupposesasteadyincreaseinorders.公司的計(jì)劃是基于訂單將持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長的預(yù)期的。5）Isuppose我想，我認(rèn)為（用于認(rèn)為某事真是，但不敢肯定）e.g.Isupposehecouldhaveshothimself,butwherewouldhehavegotthegun?我想他可能是開槍自殺的，但他是從哪里得到的搶的？我想（尤用于表示勉強(qiáng)同意某人做某事）Isupposeso.e.g.Canwecomewithyou?Oh,Isupposeso.我們可以跟你一起來嗎？哦，我看可以吧我猜想（用于猜測）6）suppose/supposing假設(shè)，假定（用于要某人設(shè)想如果某情況存在會(huì)發(fā)生什么事）e.g.Look,supposeyoulostyourjobtomorow,whatwouldyoudo?哎，假設(shè)你明天丟掉了工作，你會(huì)怎么辦呢？7）Idon?tsuppose（用于非常禮貌地提出要求）e.g.Idon’tsupposeyou’dgivemealifttothestation？我能否順便搭您的車去車站我以為不會(huì)（用于表示某事不大可能發(fā)生）8）what?sthatsupposedtomean?這是什么意思？（用于表示對某人剛說的話感到惱火）Conj.假設(shè)，假定（用于假設(shè)某事發(fā)生后帶來的后果Suppose這個(gè)單純呢很重要e.g.It’stherisk,supposeyourmotherfoundout?努力去讀懂每句例句，把握(非正式)這個(gè)單詞在句中所展現(xiàn)的意e.g.Supposewetrytosortthisoutbeforewego.思和含義。咱們盡量在出發(fā)前把這些東西整理好吧。tap及物動(dòng)詞vt.1）輕拍,輕叩,輕敲e.g.Hetappedmeontheshoulder.她輕輕地拍拍我的肩。2）輕輕敲出(或敲掉)[O]e.g.Hetappedtheashesoutofhispipe.他輕輕地將煙斗里的煙灰敲出來。3）補(bǔ)鞋底4）【美】指定,選定e.g.Mr.Smithwastappedforpolicecommissioner.史密斯先生被指定為警察局長5）裝上塞子(嘴子)e.g.Theytappedabarrelofbeer.他們打開桶塞放出啤酒。6）在(樹)上刻痕取液e.g.Theyworkedonthefarm,tappingrubbertrees.他們在這農(nóng)場做割膠的工作。7）接通(總電源,總水源等)e.g.Theytappedthewatermaintosupplythenewresidentialquarters.他們接通了總水管為新住宅區(qū)供水。8）在...裝竊聽器e.g.Iguessourtelephonehasbeentapped.我猜想我們的電話被竊聽了。9）開發(fā),開辟e.g.Thescientistsarethinkingofanewwayoftappingthesolarenergy.科學(xué)家正在設(shè)想一種新的利用太陽能的方法。名詞n.[C]1）龍頭,閥門e.g.Heleftthetapopentofillthekitchensinkwithwater.他將水龍頭開著讓廚房的水槽注滿水。(酒桶等的)塞子,栓子(電流)分接頭(電話)搭線竊聽;竊聽器e.g.Theyputataponhistelephoneandrecordedallhiscalls.他們在他的電話上裝上了竊聽器,錄下了所有通話。react不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1）作出反應(yīng),反應(yīng)[(+to)]e.g.Howdidshereacttothenews?她對這個(gè)消息反應(yīng)如何?2）影響,起作用[(+on/upon)]e.g.Thetworeactuponeachother.這兩者互相影響。3）抗拒,反抗[(+against)]e.g.Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿來反抗他們。4）起反作用,回過來起作用[(+on/upon)]e.g.Unkindnessoftenreactsontheunkindperson.惡人往往有惡報(bào)。5）【化】起化學(xué)作用;【物】反應(yīng)[(+with/on)]e.g.Howdoacidsreactonmetals?酸對金屬會(huì)起怎樣的化學(xué)反應(yīng)?e.g.Anacidcanreactwithabasetoformasalt.酸和堿反應(yīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生鹽。6,反擊brake剎車n.brakelight剎車燈及物動(dòng)詞vt.1）煞住(車)e.g.Hebrakedhiscarjustintimetoavoidanaccident.他及時(shí)煞車,避免了一次事故。e.g.Thedriverbrakedhardasthechildranontotheroadinfrontofhim.那孩子跑到汽車前面的路上，司機(jī)猛踩剎車。2）抑制,約束e.g.Thereislittlethegovernmentcandotobrakeinflation.政府沒有多少辦法抑制通貨膨脹。Pedal名詞n.[C]1)踏板;腳蹬e.g.Hepushedhardonthebrakepedaltoavoidacollision.他使勁踩下煞車踏板以避免撞車。2）管風(fēng)琴的腳踏鍵mournful形容詞a.1）憂傷的;悲切的;凄慘的e.g.themournfulhowlingofthewind凄厲的風(fēng)號(hào)聲e.g.amournfulexpressiononherface她臉上憂傷的神情e.g.amournfulstory一個(gè)令人悲傷的故事2)悲觀的,意氣消沉的e.g.takeamournfulviewofhumanaffairs對世事抱悲觀態(tài)度【課文講解】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.第一個(gè)for表示目的；第二個(gè)for表示次數(shù)driver’slicence駕照practicelicence營業(yè)執(zhí)照test1）v.測驗(yàn)，檢查I’dbetterhavemyeyestested.我最好是檢查一下眼睛2）n.考試，試驗(yàn)，檢查，haveatestdrive試車testmatch國際錦標(biāo)賽動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。awalkingstick拐杖（動(dòng)名詞，astickforwalking）asleepingcar臥鋪車廂（動(dòng)名詞，acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞）thechangingworld變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的heavytraffic交通流量很大，交通擠e.g.Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.這條路的交通比另一邊的trafficjam堵車trafficlights,trafficsignals紅燈heavyadj.e.g.Hehadaheavy,sullenface.陰沉的e.g.Hedumpedtheheavysuitcasesbythedoor.重的e.g.Ifeltsofullafterthatheavymeal.<食物>(因油膩)難消化的Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)式Havingbeen+過去分詞（介詞短語作時(shí)狀語，主從句的主語一致時(shí)，可簡化從句。）這句話等等AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,musthavebeen表示對過去的事情的測bepleasedwith對??滿意eg:Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.他對我的進(jìn)步很滿意Eg:Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcome.她似乎很滿意他來了。performancen.表現(xiàn)，表演，履行行eg:Heisexcellentintheperformanceofhisduties.他在工作上表現(xiàn)出色SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.在句首中省略了being,這個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句中是狀語，表因。eg:-Worriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.=Ashewasworriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.'Letussupposethat?讓我們假設(shè)??eg:Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.讓我們假設(shè)有一起森林Withinprep.不超過，在。。之內(nèi)eg:Shereturnedwithinanhour.她不到一小時(shí)就回來了eg:Wearenowwithinsightoftheshore.現(xiàn)在我們能看到海。Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Ittakessbsometimetodosth?Eg:Ittookme10minutestopersuadehertocallbacklater.我花了10分鐘說服她一會(huì)兒電。Canbeheard?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Eg:Themistakecouldbeavoided.這錯(cuò)誤可以被Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.'Mr.Eames,'hesaid,inamournfulvoice,'youhavejustkilledthatchild!,ina?voice以??的聲調(diào)inamournful/angry/sad/cheerfulvoiceeg：Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.他用悲傷的聲音告訴了他們那個(gè)息beingoodvoice嗓音好loseone’svoice嗓子啞了raiseone’s提高聲調(diào)withonevoice異口同聲givevoiceto說出見eg:Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutthenfinallygavevoicetoheropinionsaboutthesubject.瑪麗在討論的初期階段沉默不語，不過最后她表了該thevoiceofreason理性的呼聲【關(guān)鍵詞摘】drivinglicence6.withinfivefeetheavytraffic7.pressthebrakepedalacquireconfidence8.inamournfulvoicebepleasedwithletussupposethat【Keystructure】一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語態(tài)be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。現(xiàn)以do為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋done一般過去時(shí)：was／were＋done一般將來時(shí)：will／shallbe＋done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)時(shí)：am／is／arebeing＋done過去進(jìn)時(shí)：was／werebeing＋done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／hasbeen＋done被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。形為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的間賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.可改為Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.改為IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.4)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中還可以用介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。介詞（after,before,on）+動(dòng)名詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中有一個(gè)在另一個(gè)開始之前已經(jīng)完成，則可以用after+動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示第一個(gè)動(dòng)作；如果只表示先后順序，則可用after（或before）+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；on+動(dòng)名詞通常表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutofthetown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在接到把車開出城的指令后，我就開始有信心了。Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested他在被捕前殺死了一個(gè)孩子On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriously,shehurriedbacktoEngland.她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國。被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用于口語，比較正式。練習(xí)：a)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。Manystarscan_____(see)atnight.Thereportis_____(write)byoneofthebeststudents.Upon_____(rob),themancalledthepoliceatonce.Hekilledachildbefore_____(arrest).On_____(tell)thathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.Shewassentabroadto_____(train).Thehugebridge_____(damage)beforetheWorldWarⅡ.He_____(hear)tomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.After_____(cheat)byaclient,hechangedhiswayofdoingbusiness.Thedrivermust_____(punish)bythepolice,helookedsounhappy.二過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wasalmostbeginning1過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語thenatthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等連用。但在不少情況下，沒有表示時(shí)間的狀語，這時(shí)需要通過上下文來表示Eg:Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight？昨晚九點(diǎn)時(shí)，你在做什么？Eg:Icalledyouyesterdayafternoonbuttherewasnoanswer.昨天下午我打電話給你，但是沒有人接電話。Eg:Iwasvisitingafriendofminemostoftheafternoon.我昨天下午大部分時(shí)間，都在一個(gè)朋友家里。2當(dāng)兩個(gè)一長一短的動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)間同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示較長的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于句，也可用于從句.Eg:ItwasraininghardwhenIleftmyoffice.當(dāng)我離開辦公室時(shí)，雨下得正。Eg:Whenyoucalled，Iwaseating.你打電話時(shí)，我正在飯。Eg:WhenIwascleaningthewindows，mybrotherwassweepingthefloo