1、語態：表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。英語有兩種語態，即主動語態和被動語態。 主動語態：表示主語是動作的執行者。被動語態：表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主動語態) English is studied by many students. (被動語態)語態肯定句：主語be + 過去分詞(by )否定句：主語be not 過去分詞(by )一般疑問句：Be 主語過去分詞(by )? 特殊疑問句： 疑問詞be主語過去分詞 (by ) 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什么時態，全句就是什么時態，be動詞后面的過去分詞不變。by many

2、students.Englishis studiedby many students.Englishis not studiedby many students.主動語態變被動語態的方法1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that factory.主動語態變被動語態的方法1.把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。2.把主動語態的謂語變為被動語態的謂語。3.把主動語態的主語變為被動語態的by 短語。（ by短語可以省。 by短語

3、 后跟代詞的賓格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis askedquestions1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復數 -即be動詞的單復數.are made3. 判斷動詞的時態 -即be動詞的時態.4. 修改謂語的時態 -即原句動詞改為過去分詞 5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語/ 賓語. by them.主變被解題步驟賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be, 結構分別be+ pp 助動詞be有人稱、數的變化,其

4、變化規則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被動語態的結構am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞1.一般現在時的被動語態結構：1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.一般過去時的被動語態結構：was/were +過去分詞last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plan

5、tedTen computerswere bought3.一般將來時的被動語態結構：will be+過去分詞1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.4.含有情態動詞的被動語態結構：can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Gina

6、can be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.5.現在進行時的被動語態的結構is / am / are + being 過去分詞1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.現在完成時的被動語態的結構have / has been 過去分詞1.W

7、e have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keyshave been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositionshave been finishedby us.表格：被動態基本結構時態被動語態結構一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現在完成時過去完成時am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will be donewould be donehave/

8、has been donehad been doneSuch books are written for children. 這些書是為兒童寫的。I havent been told about it . 沒有人告訴我這件事被動語態的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰.Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 據報道，這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。 （2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用b

9、y短語。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客觀說明時，常采用一種被動語態句型.如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. （以I做主語） A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主語） 注意事項1.帶雙賓語句子的被動語態.（指物的賓語叫直接賓語， 指人的賓語叫間接賓語）常見的接雙賓語的動詞有:七給一帶: pass, give, show, hand，send, write, bring 買畫唱做: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”當主語時，變

10、法和一般的變法一樣；以“物”當主語時，在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for.七給一帶 to 不少，買畫唱做 for 來幫keep, make 三類的動詞常常有賓語補足 語，在被動語態中，賓語補足語位置不變。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 賓補 Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 2.含有賓語補足語的句子的被動語態 不及物動詞沒有賓語，因此沒有被動語態

11、。但有的不及物動詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構成短語動詞之后，其作用相當于及物動詞，可以接賓語，因而也可以變為被動語態。在變成被動語態時，不能去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞.They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短語的主動語態變被動語態即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，這些詞

12、在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但變被動句時必須加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.Theywas heardto sing in the classroom.4.感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態（1）當主動結構中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞 時，不能改為被動語態。 We often help each other. 我們常常互相幫助。 （2）當謂語是表狀態的及物動詞時（如have ,

13、 like , take place , belong to ） 如： I like these flowers. 我喜歡這些花。 I will have a meeting. 不說A meeting will be had. 應說A meeting will be held . 5.不能用于被動語態的幾種情況 把下列句子變成被動語態:A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fa

14、llen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play

15、 will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been

16、taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D

17、. sentenced , die被動語態專項練習：選擇填空5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He

18、is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10.

19、He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. oft

20、en put on 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss

21、Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in