1、專題09閱讀理解七選五15篇（知識串講+名校最新期末真題）設(shè)空類型一般有標(biāo)題類、段落主題句類、過渡句類、細(xì)節(jié)類;選項(xiàng)大多為完整句子，句型不一。閱讀補(bǔ)全以考 查補(bǔ)全細(xì)節(jié)句為主，以考查過渡句、主旨句為輔。解題技巧：L通過設(shè)題位置判斷（1）段首設(shè)空一般找能概括該段中心意思的選項(xiàng)。（2）段尾設(shè)空一般找能總結(jié)歸納該段的選項(xiàng)。段首、段中、段尾題在文中所起的作用可歸納為下表:挖空位置邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀段首題主旨句常以段落小標(biāo)題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來。段中題例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣 性，思維過程基本是歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和

2、推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。 常見的表例如證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say 等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系假設(shè)空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，那么空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn) 折。表7K轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語有：but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而)，still, in contrast/compa

3、rison, by comparison 等。因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(結(jié) 果),as a result (of), so/such .thatso that 等。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系假設(shè)空格刖后兩句之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，那么空格處很有可能是個 表示遞進(jìn)的句子。表小遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what*s more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to

4、 make matters worse, not. butnot only . but also 等。并列關(guān)系表75并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some . others for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last 等。段尾題總結(jié)句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性的詞語。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來。2 .通過標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號判斷當(dāng)設(shè)空處后為逗號且逗號后面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整時，可判斷該空應(yīng)為狀語從句

5、。Evidence of early agriculture in Europe includes not only eatable plants such as wheat, but also plants for decorative purposes. Plants for medicine were grown, as were plants for flavouring （調(diào)味）or preserving food.52 They were not only grown because they were useful or eatable.Why did people plant

6、gardens?Gardens today are places to go and relax, but have had many purposes over the years. In the past they were planted to honour the gods, or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings. They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful. 53 In Roman times the ga

7、rden became an extension of the house, representing the owners status （土也位）in society.What does paradise mean?The ancient Greeks believed growing food was a job for the poor, but gardens were places for enjoyment. The English word paradise comes from the ancient Persian word pairidaeza - meaning a w

8、alled space: a garden. The gardens of the Middle East were places of great beauty where people enjoyed the pleasures of life.Are gardens artistic?As gardens have developed over the years, design and beauty have become more and more important.The gardens of Versailles, in France, are an excellent exa

9、mple of garden architecture - everything is pruned （修建）to fit in with the design.Many cultures believed gardens were sacred.Certain plants also had religious or spiritual value.Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked with gardens.Ancient rulers created huge gardens to show their wealth.Instead, they

10、 travelled from place to place following the food.Humans have learned to control nature and to design gardens carefully.Carefully planned or not, gardens are still beautiful and relaxing places to visit.（2022山東,肥城市教學(xué)研究中心高一期末）Do you want to be at the top of your class? Add these tips to your life and

11、 you should be on your way to being a top student!56 I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.Taking notes is import

12、ant. You dont need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 57 This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.Dont skip school. You will

13、 be missing out on stuff. 58 However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late fbr class. Its most likely that your teacher wont appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.Keep a good attitude towards things. If you have an “I dont care a

14、bout school or this class“ attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for a lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students. 59Always ask questions. 60 If you dont understand, ask someone. Read your textboo

15、k and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.Be prepared.Write in your own words.Staying organised will be helpful.There is no shame in needing some help.Pay attention to everything the teacher says.It is true that you cou

16、ld make up the work.Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.（2022寧夏銀川唐彳來回民中學(xué)高一期末）It happens every night 一 bedtime. But what if youre not sleepy? Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open? 61 But dont worry. Here are some steps you can take to help you fall as

17、leep.One thing that can help is talking to a parent about what youre thinking about at bedtime. For example, if youre nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody.6263 If theres anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious

18、at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a leaking bathroom tap, ask your parent to move or fix it. Make sure electronics are kept away from your bed as their lights and noise can make it harder for you to fall asleep.If you9re often nervous around bedtime, doing certain things to

19、 calm yourself may help you fall asleep. Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime stoiy at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. 64In order to find the right solution fbr you, its important that yo

20、u understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. 65 Your body will thank you for the effort.A. Take the time to think about the problem carefully.B , But what works for others may not necessarily work for you.Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is ideal.In this way, your body

21、 will get the message that its almost time to sleep.Calming music played at a low volume can help the stress flow out of your body.Its a problem that has been around as long as there have been people trying to sleep.Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can rest.（20

22、22山東德州市教育科學(xué)研究院高一期末）Its difficult not to admire the talent of a skilled musician.Whether it is a pianist, a violinist or a drummer, these individuals have shown devotion and passion over a long period of time to reach the highest levels of performance. But they say it is never too late to learn a mus

23、ical instrument. 66Learning to play an instrument when growing up can improve hearing in adulthood. According to a study by Professor Nina Kraus, children who played musical instruments were better at recognizing different frequencies. This enhanced hearing skill into later life.Moreover, it could a

24、lso have some academic benefits too, 67For the adults who dont have the opportunity to learn one in childhood, whether you choose to play the piano, or learn a drumbeat, you could end up joining a band or orchestra. This can in turn enrich your social life.68 Mastering the perfect chord is one way,

25、but what if you got together with a bunch of friends and entered into a competition-and won?Obviously, picking up an instrument can help them kill time. But more importantly,it can effectively prevent them from dementia（老年癡呆）as several regions in the brain are active in the process of playing instru

26、ments.Why not begin by yourself? Chances are that you can establish a band with your children and parents.They also take pride in their own achievements.Will you simply admire others* talents and performances?Positive effects on those who have retired cannot be ignored.So what are the benefits for c

27、hildren, adults and even seniors?Learning an instrument can also give you a sense of achievement.A band or orchestra always needs performers of different instruments.Students involved in musical activities scored significantly higher in maths.（2022廣東興寧市第一中學(xué)高一期末）The Sahara DesertLocationFilling nearl

28、y all of northern Africa, the Sahara Desert measures approximately 3, 000 miles from east to west and between 800 and 1, 200 miles from north to south. 71 The Sahara Desert is bordered in the west by the Atlantic Ocean, in the north by the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, in the east by th

29、e RedSea, and in the south by the Sahel.LandscapeThe Sahara Desert features iconic sand dune （沙丘）fields, which cover about 15 percent of the entire deserts surface and lie primarily in the north-central region. 72 A few examples include crescent （新月 形的） dunes, linear dunes, transverse dunes and star

30、 dunes. These dunes, with their various forms, raise many questions about the dynamics of their formation.Water73 Its age-old rivers are the Nile and the Niger. The Nile rises south of the Sahara and empties into the Mediterranean. The Niger rises southwest of the Sahara and flows northeastward into

31、 Mali. 74 It is the expansive but shallow Lake Chad, a body of water that lies at the southernmost edge of the Sahara. Other lakes hold a salty stew of undrinkable water.ClimateAcross the Sahara Desert, the annual average rainfall equals no more than a few inches or fewer. In the summer, daytime air

32、 temperatures often soar to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, with the hottest air temperature meteorologists have ever recorded - 136 degrees - occurring at EL Azizia, Libya, on September 13, 1922.75 In the winter, freezing temperatures may occur in the northern Sahara Desert, and mildertemperatures acr

33、oss the southern Sahara Desert. Snow may fall occasionally in some of the higher mountain ranges and rarely, on the desert floor.No rain at all may fall for several more years.It has a total area of some 3,320,000 square miles.The dunes usually take on varied and complex forms.Star dunes form under

34、winds that blow from several directions.The Sahara Desert has some lakes, but only one with drinkable water.The Sahara Desert has only two permanent rivers and a handful of lakes.Under the clear skies, the temperature may fall 40 degrees or more during an evening.3 .根據(jù)語境線索判斷語境線索主要指反映上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

35、、詞語重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指代、同構(gòu)等。“詞語重現(xiàn)”不僅指詞語的簡單出現(xiàn)，而且指某詞語可能以不同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等形 式出現(xiàn)。“邏輯”指事物之間存在的必然的關(guān)系，包括時間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系、 總分關(guān)系等。“指代”是指用代詞代替前文提到過的人物、事件、物品等，如it, he, she, they等。“同構(gòu)”是指上下文使用同一結(jié)構(gòu)或類似的句子。(2022山東,安丘市普通教育教學(xué)研究室高一期末)Tourism is travelling for pleasure or to enjoy yourself away from the place you live

36、. In the last few decades tourism has grown very much, mostly because people s lifestyles have changed. They spend more money on travelling than previous generations did. Travelling has also become cheaper and more affordable. The rise of budget airlines has made it possible to afford trips to faraw

37、ay countries.People have been travelling for pleasure since ancient times. In ancient Egypt, religious festivals attracted people from the whole Nile Valley. 2 Romans travelled to Greece, Sicily and other places in the empire. Wealthy Romans had second homes near the sea where they spent the summer.

38、In the 19th century the invention of the steam engine made it possible for people to travel by boat and train. Regular passenger services from Europe to America started in the 20th century. 3 In the 1960s going on holidays by plane became affordable for many.4 In many countries it is the most import

39、ant largest source of income. Global tourism is growing at a rate of 4% a year. The tourist industiy provides jobs and brings a country foreign currencies. Many groups profit from tourism: travel agencies, store owners, airports and airlines, hotels, restaurants, etc.In the past years there has been

40、 a trend towards shorter holiday breaks during the year. People like to take a few days off to travel. The internet has changed the way people organize their holidays. 5 A. Tourism is a worldwide industry.People do this for many different reasons.They dont want to stay at home any more.Booking ticke

41、ts online is easy and prices are often lower.Ancient Greeks travelled regularly to the site of their gods.However, mass tourism, can also lead to environmental problems.The invention of the automobile made it possible to travel larger distances by car.(2022廣西浦北中學(xué)高一期末)Are you stressed out, scared or

42、worried all the time? Do you avoid going to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries? Do your worries keep you awake at night? 6Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brains way of telling you about danger. It is anxiety that helps you j

43、ump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem. 7Anxiety is a normal part of life. 8 There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after stressful thing which has happened

44、in your life. So if you are involved in a car crash, its quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.If your parents suffer from anxiety, then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are

45、 when youre growing up.Even though people dont talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems. About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.If you have an anxiety problem, its hard fbr other people to understand why something that doesnt w

46、orry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as way become worse and worse.These include talking therapies （療法）and drugs.A. Being anxious also probably runs in families.B , If youve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxiety.T

47、hose suffering from anxiety need others understanding badly.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety.If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety und

48、er control.Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.（2022廣東新會陳經(jīng)綸中學(xué)高一期末）Have you ever found yourself saying Ill never do that again”， only to find yourself doing the exact same thing just a short time later? 11 It seems all of us have r

49、epeated some of our mistakes at one time or another. The good news is that you can take steps to learn from your mistakes.Admit your mistakes.Dont blame anyone or anything else. Dont try to hide your mistake or pretend it didnt happen. Admitting mistakes does not make you look weak. 12 When you admi

50、t mistakes, you help develop a culture of open communication and a willingness to improve by showing that you want to learn from the mistake.Ask yourself questions.Even though you dont want to face your mistakes, thinking about them carefully can be helpful. Ask yourself a few questions. What went w

51、rong? What could I do better next time? What did I learn from this?13 Seeing your answers on paper can help you think more logically about your experience.Make a plan.Keeping feeling sorry for your mistakes wont help you. 14 Make a plan that will help you avoid making a similar mistake. Be as detail

52、ed as possible but remain flexible since your plan may need to be changed.15Sometimes people will point out your mistakes. Find someone who is wise and dependable and who is willing to listen to your explanations of what youve tried so far. If you can ask for advice from an expert, that couldnt be b

53、etter.Listen to other people.If so, youre not alone.It actually makes you look strong.Bad habits can lead to serious mistakes.Consider your actions from an outsiders view.Write down your answers and youll see the situation more clearly.Its important to spend time thinking about how to do better in t

54、he future.（2022江蘇南京市第二十九中學(xué)高一期末）When did you last write a letter? Properly write one-by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail （傳統(tǒng)信件），is it still necessary to write with traditional pen and paper? Well, some people believe that writing sti

55、ll has many benefits.16These days, When people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted.17 But making a handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well aspracticing your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation （標(biāo)/點(diǎn)

56、）.18 This is particularly relevant for students, where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lackthe tactile （觸覺的）feedback to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves

57、cognitive （認(rèn) 知的）engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.,5 Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Drawing notes, shopping lists, or messages on the back of

58、 an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable.19 Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”So, w

59、hile digital skills remain important, dont write off your pens and pencils yet.20After all, we cant ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.So maybe its not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.Especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!And writing a letter to a fri

60、end is a good way to practise handwriting.Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.Doing this on a computer means it could be saved,edited, copied and sent via email.But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact