1、lesson 1national income 國民收入(gumnshur) Comecon( Council for Mutual Economic Association) 經互會 經濟(jngj)互助委員會EEC( European Economic Community) 歐共體European Common Market 歐洲(u zhu)共同市場European Community /European Union 歐洲共同體most favored nation treatment(status) 最惠國待遇the normal trade treatment(status) 正常貿

2、易待遇visible trade account 有形貿易收支minister without portfolio 政務委員 不管部部長balance of payments 國際收支invisible account 無形貿易收支current account 經常項目central bank 中央銀行barter 易貨貿易counter-trade 反向貿易assembly manufacturing 來件組裝particular forms of foreign trade 特殊貿易做法taxation （入境后）稅收 工商統一稅joint venture 合資企業concessiona

3、ry finance 中國進口大型項目經常采用的由賣方提供某些方便的付款方式the World Bank and its affiliates 國際銀行及其附屬機構OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 經濟合作與發展織Bank of International Settlements 國際清算銀行non-bank trade related credits 買方（賣方）信貸in the wake of 緊緊跟隨 在 后per annum 每年in deficit 赤字 逆差in surplus 贏余 順差cu

4、stoms duties 關稅 raise(money ,funds) 籌集（款項 資金）lesson 2bamboo curtain /iron curtain country 竹幕 鐵幕國家The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) 經濟特區14 coastal cities(all former treaty ports) 沿海開放城市capital stock /capital stock ,real 實際資本cooperative enterprise 合作（經營）企業State Council 國務院state councilor 國務委員pipe dream

5、白日夢 幻想cope with 成功應付 妥善處理inner regions 內地foreign-exchange reserves 外匯儲備technology transfer 技術轉讓(to start)form scratch 從零開始wholly foreign-owned 外商獨資擁有capital goods 資本貨物consumer goods 消費品profit-remittance 利潤匯款preferential tax rate 優惠稅率be liable to 有義務(yw) 應付(yng f)稅的entitle to 給.權利(qunl)/資格strengths a

6、nd weaknesses 優缺點stir up 激起has yet to 有待in the drivers seat 處于統治（或控制）地位means of production 生產資料stock-taking 盤貨 評估National Peoples Congress 全國人民代表大會lesson 3Per capita 按人均計算 平均Gross National Product(GNP) 國民生產總值punitive import tariff 懲罰性進口關稅securities and real estate market 政權及房地產市場Greater China trade

7、bloc/Chinese Economic Area 大中華貿易集團 華人經濟區high-tech ,high-wage economy 高技術 高工資經濟General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關稅及貿易總協定WTO/World Trade Organization 世界貿易組織conglomerate 跨行業公司semiconductor chips 半導體集成電路芯片consortium 國際財團CITIC(China International Trust and Investment Company) 中國國際信托投資公司China Resour

8、ces Inc 香港華潤有限公司economic heavyweight 舉足輕重的經濟強國dump truck 翻斗車tractor-trailer 牽引拖車container plant 集裝箱工廠commercial hub 商業活動中心warning shot 鳴槍示警intensifying rivalry 不斷增強的競爭對抗conveyor belt 輸送帶preferred status 優先權have a stake in 與 有利害關系appendix lesson1-lesson3productive forces 生產力cash corps 經濟作物multi-party

9、 election 多黨競選a balance of the three powers 三權分立the western two-chamber system 西方兩院（議會）制House of Lords/House of Commons 上議院/下議院the Senate/House of Representatives 參議院/眾議院anarchy 無政府狀態Presidium 共產黨國家政府常務委員會standard of living 生活水平give priority to 最優先考慮surplus labour 剩余勞動力political persuasion 政治派別the s

10、ate apparatus 國家機器keep abreast of 與 齊頭并進bureaucratism 官僚主義(gunliozhy) 官僚(gunlio)體系democratization 民主化lesson 4GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 國內生產總值Central and Eastern Europe 地處(d ch)中東歐的前社會主義國家Gulf Crisis 海灣危機the G-7/the Group of Seven 七國集團Continental Europe 歐洲大陸deinflationary policies 反通脹政策cyclical dec

11、eleration in investment spending 周期性的投資下降hard currency 硬通貨Paris Club 巴黎俱樂部Commodity Market 商品市場nominal(dollar)terms 名義（美圓）價constant(dollar)terms 不變（美圓）價格unification 東西德統一anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通貨膨脹貨幣政策GDP(GNP) deflator 消除國內（民）生產總值通貨膨脹因素指數structural problems 由于社會體制或管理制度不完善引起的問題highly leve

12、raged corporate transactions 公司用大量借來的錢進行交易current account 經常項目transfers (component) 資本轉移（部分）war-related payments 戰爭費用的支付European Monetary System(EMS) 歐洲貨幣體系the Exchange Rate Mechanism 匯率管理機制real output 以不變價格計算的產品價值the spike in oil prices 石油價格猛跌the population-weighted growth rate(of developing countr

13、ies GDP) 人口加權增長率debt restructuring 債務調整direct investment 證券投資the Gulf Countries 海灣國家in a row 連續per capita income 人均收入high rates of growth 高增長率domestic demand 國內需求debt rescheduling 重新安排債務的償還計劃rental housing 出租房屋tax-cut-induced boom 由減稅引發的繁榮pick-up 好轉portfolio investment 證券投資catch-up 競爭couple with 并提

14、把聯系起來workers remittance 工人僑匯bottoming-out 經濟衰退局面等降至最低點后即將復蘇lesson 5US policy on Trade 美國貿易政策be prepared to do something 有準備的the US trade representative 美國貿易談判代表result-oriented/export-oriented/growth-oriented/market-oriented 以結果為導向的NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements) 北美自由貿易協定(government)procur

15、ement 政府(zhngf)采購news service 通訊社drawn-out 冗長(rngchng)乏味的full-fledged 充分(chngfn)展開的 全面貿易戰misgiving(s) 疑慮to ease frictions 緩和爭執 減少摩擦tough negotiator 不妥協的談判者sanction(s) 國際制裁impose against 對 實行制裁trade sanctions 貿易制裁(trade)hawks 在貿易中主張實行制裁的人lesson 6the Single Market 統一市場Maastricht Treaty 馬斯特里赫特條約（歐洲聯盟條約

16、）free-trade zone 自由貿易區Masstircht referendum 歐共體一些成員國對馬斯特里赫特條約進行的公民復決投票merger 兼并staff writer 本報記者holiday fliers 乘飛機外出度假的人big bang 大爆炸barrier-free market 自由市場（無壁壘市場）traverse the ocean 橫渡重洋wind up 把事務料理停當lesson 7White Paper 白皮書Uruguay round of trade talks 烏拉圭回合貿易談判fiscal packages 財政一攬子計劃industrial comm

17、odities 技術產品 耐用消費品the business cycle 商業周期managed trade 管理貿易export-driven 以出口為目的trade balance 貿易差額trade sanctions 貿易制裁trade reprisal 貿易報復lesson 4 - lesson 7power broker （能影響有權勢人物以操縱權利的人）權利經紀人vested interests 既得利益power play 強權行為 高壓行動civil service 行政部門protectionism 保護貿易制lesson 8dumping 傾銷licenser 轉讓人in

18、solvency 無償還能力的/資不抵債market force 市場力量a hermit nation 一個閉關自守的國家fledgling industries 新興(xnxng)工業bargain-basement 極便宜(biny)的subsistence level 勉強(min qing)糊口的生活水平lesson 9OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油輸出國家組織tenders 招標invitation to tender /submission of tender 招標 投標Chinese Export C

19、ommodities Fair 中國出口商品交易會reexports 再出口certificate of origin 產地證明書sovereignty dispute 主權爭端carbon tax 雙重稅semi-wrought 半成品lesson 10GATT （the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade） 關稅及貿易總協定on a conservative estimate /on one plausible estimate /at a rough estimate 據保守估計/合理估算/粗略估計countervailing duty 反補貼稅

20、intellectual property right 知識產權trade in services 服務貿易lobby 院外活動集團economic growth 促進經濟發展make sense 講得通 合情合理in prospect 期望重的 展望中的wreck the economy 破壞經濟a question that has long bedeviled the West 長期以來困擾西方carry ones heart in ones boots 嚇得要命 焦慮萬分mule-headed 頑固的 固執的replace with 代替 取代pose a threat 形成一種威脅b

21、e in breach of 違反 與 相違背for the taking 供自由拿取lesson 11the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference 聯合國貨幣金融會議convertible currency 可兌換貨幣cartel 壟斷組織形式dip into 動用（款項）the U.S. department of commerce 美國商務部client state 在經濟或政治方面依靠某一大國的附屬國prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事hammer out 設計出break down 崩潰h

22、orse-soldier 騎兵debt service /interest payment 利息付款provisions 條款tend to 易于 往往會part with 花掉stuck with 纏住 陷入困境set out 打算(d sun)take title 取得(qd)所有權lesson 12soft drink 軟飲料holy war 圣戰(shn zhn)test market /test marketing 試銷市場 試銷bottler 瓶裝商baby-boomer 生育高峰期出生的人coupons 贈券 優惠券sleeper 出人意料的成功者 爆冷門的人exclusive

23、contract 獨家經銷合同franchise 特許經營權be spoiling for 一心想 切望live up to 負荷 達到keep track of 看清 跟上 進展fill out 湊足 補齊pony up (美俚)付清come in for 受到 遭到 arm-twisting 強迫 壓力do a little arm-twisting 略施壓力settle for 勉強接受lesson 13fast food shops 快餐店USDA (the United States Department of Agriculture) 美國農業部the wet market 出售未

24、加工的肉、魚、禽蛋的市場account for （在數量 比例方面）占promote sales 推銷商品luck draw 幸運抽獎lesson 14financial futures 以期貨方法進行交易的有價證券securities 有價證券the equity market /equity /common stock ordinary share 一般股票市場/以出售普通股票方法所籌集的公司資金/普通股票the money market /capital market 貨幣市場 資本市場UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Devel

25、opment) 聯合國貿易和發展會議temperate 適中的 非極端的the service sector 服務部門export quota system 出口配額制to cope with 妥善處理 成功應付dollar-denominated 以美元標價的take its toll 造成損失protectionism 保護（貿易）主義lesson 15Telex /teletypewriter exchange 用戶電報 電傳big bang 大爆炸 改革the US budget trade 美國國家預算批準的政府海外采購spot market 現貨(xinhu)市場EX-wareho

26、use 倉庫(cngk)交貨the previous weeks closing level 倫敦五金交易所周末(zhum)最終交易的價格平均水平closing price 收盤價格terminal prices 期貨價格futures market /terminal market 期貨市場International Coffee Organization(ICO) 國際咖啡組織the physical market /spot market 現貨市場replacement /replenishment 補充庫存at origin /at the place of origin 原產地auc

27、tion 拍賣come in 上漲discount rate 貼現率set in 到來 開始in the event 結果 到頭來the Commonwealth 英聯邦（為招攬顧客）虧本出售的商品loss leader白皮書white paper半成品semi-wrought半導體集成電路芯片semiconductor chips半導體技術semiconductor technology半分離的semi-detached保護貿易論者protectionist報關單customs formalities暴發戶nouveau riche爆炸性增長explosive growth北美自由貿易協定N

28、orth America Free-Trade Agreements被特許人franchisee逼真仿制品close imitation貶值devaluation補償貿易compensation trade補償貿易協定補償協定compensation agreements不變價格constant price不變美元價格constant dollar terms不公平貿易？unfair trade不公正的貿易做法unfair trading practices不管部長minister without portfolio不妥協的談判者a tough negotiator布羅肯希爾協定broken

29、hill agreement部分停止供電brownout倉庫ware house產地證明書certificate of origin產權資本equity capital長期貿易協議long-term trade agreement長遠的戰略long-term strategy常規軟飲料regular soft drinks場外貨幣curb money超級市場supermarket撤消金融管制規定financial deregulation撤銷（價格、費用方面的）管制(gunzh)規定deregulation承包人contractor懲罰性進口關稅punitive import tariff出口

30、(ch ku)補貼export subsidy出口(ch ku)導向export-oriented出口配額export quota出口配額制度export quota system出口潛力export potential出口商品展覽會Export Commodity Fair初級產品primary products初級產品primary goods初級商品primary commodity初始主題the opening themes粗略的估計at a rough estimate促進出口boost exports存貨清單inventory大爆炸改革Big bang大規模銷售活動大中華貿易集團g

31、reat China trade bloc呆滯dull當地需求local requirements得到進入一個市場的機會（權利）obtain access to a market底價的原材料bargain-price raw materials定量結果quantifiable results定制customization讀者文摘Readers Digest獨家經銷合同exclusive contract短期回升a brief rally短期名義利率short-term nominal interest rates對等價值equivalent value對等貿易countertrade對外借貸f

32、oreign borrowing對外貿易額the volume of foreign trade多邊規則multilateral rules多邊貿易multilateral trade多元經營pluralistic operations反補貼稅，抵消關稅，（反傾銷稅）countervailing duty反彈bounce back反傾銷關稅antidumpling duties反通貨膨脹貨幣政策anti-inflationary monetary policy反通脹政策！deinflationary policies反托拉斯，反壟斷anti-trust反向購買counterpurchase反向

33、貿易counter-trade房地產real estate ;real property ;realty非關稅壁壘non-tariff barriers非耐用商品soft commodity峰會at the summit meeting服務部門the service sector服務貿易service trade /trade in service附屬國client state復印機photocopier副產品，副作用spin-offs高風險資產(zchn)risk-weighted assets高技術high-tech / high technology高增長率high rates of g

34、rowth個人所得稅personal income tax/individual income tax工廠(gngchng)現代化plant modernization工人(gng rn)僑匯workers remittance工業結構industrial structure工業巨頭industrial giants公開招標public tender公民復決投票referendum供求模式the pattern of supply and demand供需supply and demand供應短缺supply shortages供應過剩glut of supplies共同農業政策Common

35、Agriculture Policy股票交易所the stock exchange股票市場stock market，（the equity market）股權式合資企業equity joint venture關稅；進口稅customs duties關稅及貿易總協定，關貿總協定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade，GATT硅谷Silicon Valley國際財團Consortium國際貨幣基金組織International Monetary Fund國際貨幣制度the international monetary system國際機構internation

36、al bodies國際金融機構international financial institution國際收支balance of payments國際營銷international marketing國民生產總值Gross national product, GNP國民收入national income國內生產總值Gross Domestic Product, GDP國內需求domestic demand國務委員state councilor國務院State Council國有跨行業公司a state-owned conglomerate國有企業state-owned enterprises海

37、關關稅與稅收customs duties and taxation海灣危機Gulf Crisis合資企業joint venture!合作企業cooperative enterprise合作企業the co-operatives合作者collaborator匯兌制度currency exchange system匯率管理機制the Exchange Rate Mechanism混合經濟mixed economy貨幣儲備currency reserve貨幣交易currency exchange貨幣流通currency movements貨幣市場money market貨幣政策monetary po

38、licy基礎電子元件basic electronic components基督教科學(kxu)箴言報the Christian Science Monitor即期與遠期(yun q)外匯spot and future exchanges集裝箱工廠(gngchng)container plant計算機芯片computer chips技術轉讓technology transfer既得利益vested interests價格堅挺firm price 價格上漲price hike價格指數price index減少摩擦to ease frictions賤金屬base metals結果consequenc

39、e金融體制financial system金融危機the financial crisis緊縮計劃austerity program進口附加稅import surcharge進口匯票import bill進口配額import quotas進口稅import duty 進口需求import demand進口指標import targets禁運embargo經常項目!current account經紀業務brokerage services經濟復蘇economic recovery經濟改革economic reform經濟技術開發區Economic & Technical Development

40、Zone經濟家信息小組economist intelligence unit經濟僵化economic rigidities經濟利益economic benefits經濟失衡economic imbalances經濟衰退economic recession經濟特區the Special Economic Zone經濟增長economic growth經濟作物cash crops經銷商（瓶裝商）bottler凈值net worth 競爭優勢competitive advantages競爭優勢competitive edge舉足輕重的經濟強國economic heavyweight據保守估計on a

41、 conservative estimate據合理的推算on a plausible estimate!據目前估計on current estimate可兌換貨幣convertible currency可支配收入 disposable income 克林頓政府the Clinton administration跨行業公司conglomerate快餐店fast food shops寬限期grace period來件組裝assembly manufacturing藍圖blueprint利潤匯款profit-remittance利息(lx)付款debt service /interest payme

42、nt聯合國貿易和發展會議United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 良好(lingho)的基礎設施good infrastructure臨時(ln sh)估算provisional estimate零售retail sale零售市場retail market流動資產liquid assets略施壓力do a little arm-twisting倫敦五金交易所London Metal Exchange馬斯特里赫特條約Maastricht Treaty貿易報復trade reprisal貿易壁壘trade barriers貿易差額trad

43、e balance, balance of trade貿易代表trade representative貿易顧問a trade consultant貿易結構structure of trade貿易糾紛trade disputes貿易摩擦trade friction貿易逆差，入超，貿易赤字trade deficit貿易歧視trade discrimination貿易順差, 貿易盈余, 出超trade surplus貿易談判trade negotiation貿易條件terms of trade貿易統計數據trade statistics貿易展銷會！trade fairs and exhibition

44、s貿易制裁trade sanction貿易自由化trade literalisation每人平均所得per capita income美國貿易談判代表the US trade representative美國貿易政策US policy on trade美國商務部the U.S. department of commerce秘密配方secret recipe名義美元價nominal dollar terms目前最先進的state-of-the-art內地inner regions牛市與熊市bull market and bear market農業保護farm protection濃縮漿汁syru

45、p concentrate歐共體European Economic Community！歐佩克（石油輸出國組織）OPEC歐洲悲觀主義Europessimism歐洲大陸European continent歐洲共同體（舊名）European Community歐洲經濟共同體，歐共體Eruopean Economic Community歐洲聯盟European Union歐洲一體化European integration拍賣auction批發商wholesalers評估，估量；盤貨stock-taking破產bankruptcy普通股票common stock, ordinary share七國集團

46、the G-7, the Group of Seven期貨市場(q hu sh chn)futures market歧視(qsh)discrimination契約(qyu)勞工indentured labor千年回合millennium round前身precursor強硬的政策tough policy勤奮和忠實diligence and sincerity輕工業制品light manufactured items傾銷dumping清淡市場quiet market清算協定Clearing Agreements取得所有權take title全國人民代表大會National Peoples Con

47、gress全球化生產global manufacturing雀巢股份有限公司Nestle SA讓利profit-taking set人均per capita人均國內生產總值per capita/head GDP(gross domestic products)人均收入per capita income人口加權增長率the population-weighted growth rate軟飲料soft drink銳步國際有限公司Reebok International Ltd.商會chamber of commerce商品市場commodity market商品指數commodity indexe

48、s商業活動中心commercial hub商業銀行commercial banks 商業周期the business cycle生產成本the costs of production生產過剩surplus produce生產力productive forces生產資料means of production生育高峰期出生的人baby-boomer剩余勞動力surplus labour實際資本capital stock食用蛋類shell eggs使用人licensee世界貿易組織World Trade Organization，WTO世界銀行及其附屬機構the World Bank and its

49、 affiliates市場導向market oriented, market orientation市場多樣化market diversification市場分額market share市場觀察者market watcher市場力量market forces試銷test marketing試銷市場test market收盤價closing price收入差距income gap輸送帶；傳送帶conveyor belt雙邊關系bilateral pressures雙邊貿易bilateral trade雙邊順差bilateral surplus雙邊條約！bilateral pacts雙重(shun

50、gchng)稅carbon tax稅額(shu )優惠tax breaks私營企業(s yn q y)private business特別提款權the Special Drawing Right特許經營權franchise特許人franchiser貼現率discount rate通貨緊縮deflation統一大市場the Single Market投標to submit tender, submission of tender投機生意speculative business投資基金investment funds突破性的進展breakthrough推銷商品promote sales妥協comp

51、romise外匯儲備foreign-exchange reserves外匯收入foreign exchange earnings外商獨資wholly foreign-owned外資獨資企業wholly foreign-owned operation烏拉圭回合談判the Uruguay round talk無壁壘市場,(自由市場)barrier-free market無償還能力insolvency無形貿易invisible trade無形貿易收支invisible trade account, invisible account物質繁榮material prosperity西式餐廳western

52、-style restaurants鮮蛋市場fresh egg market現貨市場physical market現貨市場spot market相對優勢relative advantage削價戰price-cutting war消費品customer goods消費物價指數consumer price index消費者consumer蕭條depression銷售潛力the vast potential sales協議草案the draft agreement新興工業fledgling industries新興企業newly-rising enterprises !幸運抽獎luck draw需求

53、不振sluggish demand 需求疲軟weakness in demand延期付款concessionary finance沿海城市coastal cities一次性包裝single-serving box一個閉關自守的國家a hermit nation一籃子貨幣basket of currencies一攬子財政計劃（方案）fiscal packages一輪成敗參半的談判a half-successful round以結果為導向的results-oriented以美元標價的dollar-denominated以期貨方法進行(jnxng)交易的有價證券financial futures易貨

54、貿易(y hu mo y)barter trade銀行(ynhng)合并merger of banks營銷計劃marketing programs硬通貨hard currency優惠稅率 （優惠關稅2004）preferential tax rate優先權preferred status由減稅引發的繁榮tax-cut-induced boom有價證券securities有經驗的貿易官員a veteran trade official有形貿易收支the visible trade account有形貿易收支!visible trade accounts有形貿易余額the visible trad

55、e surplus右翼政治家right-wing politicians預期經濟增長率growth target預示foreshadows預算赤字budget deficit原產地證明書certificate of origin原油crude oil援助assistance遠東經濟評論Far Eastern Economic Review再出口reexports增值稅value-added taxes贈券（優惠券）coupons債權人creditor債務調整（作豁免，延期）debt restructuring債務國debtor nations戰爭費用的支付war-related payment

56、s漲落不定irregular招標invitation to tender,to invite tender, 招標tenders征收進口附加稅impose import !證券及房地產市場securities and real estate markets證券交易所stock exchange!證券投資portfolio investment政府采購government procurement政府投資的商業企業pump-priming operation政治一體化political integration知識產權intellectual property right直接補貼direct sub

57、sidies直接投資direct investment指令directive制成品manufactured goods制造商manufacturer質量證書certificate of quality智囊團，顧問班子brain trust中國出口商品交易會Chinese Export Commodities Fair中小企業small and medium-size businesses中央銀行central bank重工業heavy industry重新安排債務的償還計劃debt rescheduling重新配方reformulation竹幕bamboo curtain主權(zhqun)爭端

58、sovereignty dispute主張強硬貿易政策(zhngc)的鷹派人物trade hawks專利(zhunl)使用資格licensing requirements轉讓人licenser資本貨物capital goods資本流動capital flow資本市場capital market資本轉移capital transfer資本轉移部分transfers component資產負債表balance sheet自給自足的self-sufficient自然資源natural resources 自由貿易free trade自由貿易區free-trade zone!自由市場barrier-f

59、ree market !自由市場free market自由市場理論free-market philosophy縱向結合vertical integration走私smuglling最暢銷品牌the best-selling brand最大的分額the lions share最惠國待遇most-favored nation treatment (status)國民收入 national income歐共體EEC( European Economic Community)歐洲共同市場European Common Market歐洲共同體European Community /European Un

60、ion最惠國待遇most favored nation treatment(status)正常貿易待遇the normal trade treatment(status)有形貿易收支visible trade account不管部部長minister without portfolio國際收支balance of payments無形貿易收支invisible account經常項目current account中央銀行central bank易貨貿易barter反向貿易counter-trade來件組裝assembly manufacturing合資企業joint venture國際銀行及其