1、homeObjectivesIn this unit, you will listen to a passage about naming children; read an article about how to address people; enlarge your vocabulary related to the use of titles; get some tips about asking different types of questions; learn about the possible influence of a name on a person; read a

2、nd write a letter.ObjectivesmainListening and SpeakingText AGrammar TipsText BComprehensive ExercisesPractical Reading and WritingWarm-up1. How to address people in English When we talk directly to people, it is possible to address them in the following ways: by their given name; by a title followed

3、 by their surname; and by a title on its own.Warm-up-BG1DiscussionBackground InformationWarm-up When addressing people by their given names, we often use a shortened form of the name. For example, Timothy may be called Tim, or Jennifer may be called Jenny. More examples: Warm-up- BG2Background Infor

4、mationDiscussionWarm-upChristopher Chris Edward EdAndrew AndyAnthony Tony Richard DickWilliam Bill James JimmieIf you know the shortened form of your foreign friend, you may use it. Otherwise it is probably wiser to keep using the name a foreigner uses for himself or herself. Another way of addressi

5、ng people is to use “title + surname.” The most common titles are “Mr.”,“Mrs.” and “Miss.” In most cases “Mr.” is used for men, “Mrs.” for married women and “Miss” for unmarried women. They are used together with the surname and are placed in front of it, for example, Mr. Roland, Miss Webster. Nowad

6、ays the title “Ms.” is used for any woman (single or married). Warm-up- BG3 Warm-upBackground InformationDiscussion Some professions can also function as titles, for example: Professor, Doctor, Nurse, and ranks in the armed forces like Captain. If people have such positions they should normally be a

7、ddressed with these titles, unless of course the situation is informal and the relationship is close. Warm-up- BG4Warm-upBackground InformationDiscussion These professional titles can also be used on their own without the surname. So a patient, for instance, can call his doctor either Dr. Bennett or

8、 Doctor. How to address people depends mainly on the relationship between the people, and also on the situation. We can divide situations into three broad types: formal relationship/situation informal situation/close relationship neutral relationship/situation The relationship between the type of si

9、tuation and the way in which a person is addressed in English can be summarized as follows:Warm-up BG5Warm-upBackground InformationDiscussionWarm-up- BG6Background InformationDiscussionWarm-upFormal relationship / situationNeutral relationship / situationInformal situation / Close relationship Apart

10、 from the very formal or informal situations, on the whole, it is probably safer to use the “title + surname”; if people prefer to be addressed by their given name, they will usually say so. Title + surnameGiven name or title+ surnameGiven name Warm-up- BG7Background InformationDiscussionWarm-up2. H

11、ow to spell your Chinese name in English When you spell your Chinese name in English, your family name should be spelled as one word, andyour given name should be spelled as one word no matter whether your given name consists of one Chinese character (漢字) or two. 姚明 Yao Ming張藝謀 Zhang Yimou For examp

12、le,Warm-up- BG8Background InformationDiscussionWarm-up Sometimes, a Chinese family name has two Chinese characters, and such a family name should be spelled as one word. 司馬光 Sima Guang 歐陽紫薇 Ouyang ZiweiFor example,Warm-up- BG9Background InformationDiscussionWarm-up The family name is put before the

13、given name in Chinese, which is different from the English way of putting the given name first. To avoid confusion, we may spell a Chinese name in its original order but capitalize all letters in the family name. For example, on the name card of a person called 王佳佳, the name could be spelled as WANG

14、 Jiajia.Question: Do you think there is a connection between a persons name and his or her life? Why or why not?The reasons may include:(1) Ones name will give some hints to the person about his or her life goals.(2) Some names have positive meanings which will give the owner confidence.(3) Chinese

15、culture endows the names with rich meanings. The meanings may affect other peoples impression about the person with the name, so in the long run a name will influence a persons life.(4) People sometimes make fun of those names that may have funny or negative associations.Hints Warm-up- Discussion1Di

16、scussionBackground InformationWarm-up Yes，I think so. A name is just a name. It has no connection with ones life.For example, a person with the Chinese character for “rich” (富) in his name may be very poor in reality.Hints Warm-up- Discussion2DiscussionBackground InformationWarm-up No, I dont think

17、so. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read twice. When you hear a question, you should completethe answer to it with a word or a short phrase (in no more than three words). The questions and incomplete answers are gi

18、ven for your reference.1. What do Chinese people have in common with Americans in naming their children? Both the Chinese and Americans would when they name their children.Listening1Listening and SpeakingSpeakingListeningI. Listening Scriptchoose carefully_2. According to the speaker, how do Chinese

19、 people choose their childrens names? It seems to the speaker that the Chinese choose their childrens names because they do not know anybody that.3. How do people in the West choose names for their children? They usually choose names for their children precisely because they are the names of people

20、they or .Listening2Listening and SpeakingSpeakingListeningcalled_know_respect_4. According to the speaker, how would the Americans usually name their first sons? The Americans often name first sons .5. Do the Americans pay particular attention to the meaning of names they choose for their children?

21、No. The majority of them do not know or the meanings of the names.Listening3Listening and SpeakingSpeakingListeningafter their fathers_concernthemselves about _SpeakingListening and SpeakingTell your partner a story related to names. You may tell an interesting story of your own choice, or you may c

22、hoose a topic from the following list. Decide whose story might bemore interesting to other students, and get ready to share your story with the class.II. SpeakingSpeakingListening1. Whats the meaning of your Chinese name?2. Do you think that your name expresses your personality or talent?3. In your

23、 opinion, why did your parents give such a name to you?4. Do you know an interesting story about names?Listening Script1Listening and SpeakingSpeakingListening Just like the Chinese people, we Americans choose carefully when we name our children. But there are certainly differences between your cust

24、om and ours in naming the children. It seems you choose your childrens names because you do not know anybody called that. In the West, we usually choose names for our children precisely because they are the names ofpeople we know or respect. Americans take it further, often naming first sons after t

25、heir fathers. For Catholics it must be the name of a saint.Listening Script2Listening and SpeakingSpeakingListening Furthermore, you consider carefully the meaning of the names you choose for your children. The majority of us do not know or concern ourselves about the meanings of the names. We do no

26、t usually choose them on that basis.ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions1Text Studyaccording toText A根據a word that is used before sb.s name 頭銜，稱號the way of life of a particular people; peoples moral and religious beliefs 文化；教養culture n.title n.consider vt

27、.think carefully about sth.; have a particular opinion about sth. 考慮；認為impression n. an idea, feeling, or opinion about sth. or sb. 印象，感覺ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions2Text Studyattractive adj. Text Abeautiful or pleasant to look at 吸引人的，有魅力的poetic

28、adj.related to poetry 詩歌的；詩意的surname n. family name 姓remind of提醒，使記起on the other hand另一方面name after根據取名ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions3Text StudyText Apopularity n.being liked by many people 流行，普及stand the test of經得起的考驗favorite n.sb. or sth. that is

29、loved above others 特別喜歡的人(或物)nickname n. vt.a name used informally instead of real name 綽號，昵稱give sb. a nickname 給取綽號childish adj.silly, like that of a small child 孩子氣的，幼稚的ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions4Text StudyText Ago by用為名字initial n. the first

30、letter in a name 姓名的首字母sweetheart n.a person whom another loves 甜心(用作“親愛的”的昵稱)flavor n. v. a particular taste 風味，滋味 lend flavor to 給加味reflect vt. &vi.think in a serious and careful way 反映；深思ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions5Text StudyText Aaddress vt.

31、n.call sb. by a particular name; speak to sb., or give a speech to an audience 稱呼；對演講或發表演說a formal speech to a group of people正式的講話；the details of wherea building is, including the buildingnumber, road name, town, etc. 地址Majesty n.(與 His, Her 或Your 連用)陛下(對君主的尊稱）Honor n.(與 His, Her 或 Your 連用)閣下(對法官、市

32、長等官員的尊稱)ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions6Text StudyText AReverend n. (the )大人(對教士的尊稱)a measure of一定程度的position n. vt.sb.s rank or status in an organization or in society; the place where sb. or sth. is 職位，位置put in a certain place 安置，決定的位置Comprehension

33、Words and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions6Text StudyText Apolitician n.sb. who works in politics, especially a member of the government 政治家，政客positive adj.feeling confident, certain or happy; of a number greater than zero; of the electrical charge that is carried by proton

34、s 正面的，肯定的，積極的；數正的；電陽極的depend upon取決于ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions7Text StudyText AProper NamesShakespeare:威廉莎士比亞 (William Shakespeare, 15641616)，英國著名詩人、劇作家，著名劇作有：哈姆雷特(Hamlet)、奧賽羅(Othello)、李爾王(King Lear)和麥克白(Macbeth)等。Romeo and Juliet: 羅密歐與朱麗葉，莎士比亞早

35、期的著名悲劇。描寫一對熱戀的男女被拆散后雙雙殉情的故事。引文出自此劇的第二幕第二場。ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText A Words and Expressions8Text StudyText AOld World:舊世界，舊大陸，指歐洲。與其相對應的是New World (新世界，新大陸)，指美洲。 “Whats in a name?” According to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, not too much. “That which we call a rose by

36、 any other name would smell as sweet.” But Shakespeare may have been wrong. In most cultures, names and titles matter a great deal.2 Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a “Jennife

37、r” more attractive than a “Betha,” for example.Text A-1Whats in a Name?ComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText StudyText AText A-2The last name, or surname, must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic, but stra

38、nge. Parents may avoid names that remind them of people they dont like. On the other hand, people might name their children after a respected older relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common, like Fanny or Elmer,

39、 sound old-fashioned today. But other names like John and David, Mary and Sarah have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.Text AComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText StudyText A-33 People in America dont always call their friends and relatives by their given names.

40、 Instead, they often use nicknames. Sometimes they call a friend by the short form for a longer name. For instance, a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa, or Betsy. As children grow up, they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called. If they consider their nickname childish

41、, they may start using a more adult form. Some people just go by the initials of their first and middle names, like B. J. or R. C. And of course, people may call their children or their sweethearts other special names. Often they have a sweet flavor, like Honey or Sugar.Text AComprehensionWords and

42、ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText StudyText A-44 In informal settings, people are normally on a first-name basis. Sometimes older people even allow young people to call them by their first names. But in most formal situations, people use an appropriate title such as Mr. (Mister), Ms. (Miss or Mrs.)

43、, Dr. (doctor) or Prof. (professor) with a persons last name. After an introduction, the person may say, for example, “Please call me Tom.” If not, use his or her surname.Text AComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText StudyText A-55 Americans still use a few very formal titles which

44、 reflect their Old World heritage. The British address their king and queen as Your Majesty; Americans address the judge in a court as Your Honor. Americans speaking to their national leader respectfully call him Mr. President. And many churches address their leader as Reverend. In everyday situatio

45、ns, the polite forms sir and madam (or maam) show a measure of respect. But Americans dont generally use the names of occupations or positions as formal titles. Students might address their teacher as Mr. (or Ms.) Hudson, but not Teacher Hudson.Text AComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary Buil

46、dingText StudyText A-6Text AComprehensionWords and ExpressionsVocabulary BuildingText Study6 Whats in a name? A name really means a lot. So if you are choosing an English name for yourself, take care to choose a good one. A made-up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translati

47、on of your Chinese name may not make an appropriate name, either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said, “In real life, unlike in Shakespeare, the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”Text A- Comprehension1A. Complete the fo

48、llowing sentences orally according to the text, and then work with your partner and take turns asking and answering the questions orally.1. What did Shakespeare want to say about a name when he said “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”? Was he right, according to the te

49、xt? Shakespeare wanted to say that .ComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyText AWords and Expressionsmatter. But Shakespeare may have been wrong a name does not _Text A- Comprehension22. What kinds of names may parents try to avoid? Parents may avoid .3. How do Americans usually name their child

50、ren? American people might name their children .Text AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and Expressionsnames that remind them of people they dont like _after a respected older relative or even a famous person _4. How do Americans call their friends and relatives? People in America dont

51、 always call .5. What is the effect of a good name? A good name can .Text A- Comprehension3Text AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and Expressionstheir friends and nicknamesrelatives by their given names. Instead, they often use _leave a positive and lastingimpression_Text A- Comprehen

52、sion4B. Choose the best answer for each of the following statements or questions according to the text.1. When choosing names for their children, Americans usually consider _. A. whether the name has a good meaning B. whether the name sounds poetic C. whether the name has already been taken by other

53、s D. whether the name gives a good impressionText AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and ExpressionsText A- Comprehension52. Which of the following names may sound old-fashioned today? A. Fanny. B. Mary. C. John. D. David.Text AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and Expres

54、sionsText A- Comprehension63. How do Americans call each other in formal situations? A. They normally call each other by their first names. B. They normally call each other by their last names. C. They usually use a title with the last name. D. They usually use a nickname or special name.Text ACompr

55、ehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and ExpressionsText A- Comprehension74. How would an American student address a female teacher whose last name is Smith? A. Teacher Smith. B. Smith teacher. C. Ms. Smith. D. Reverend Smith.Text AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and Expression

56、sText A- Comprehension85. The fact that Americans address the judge in a court as Your Honor shows _. A. their Old World heritage B. they are common people C. they are afraid of the judge D. their respectabilityText AComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and ExpressionsText A- Vocabulary B

57、uildingA1Active Words 名稱，姓名 The teacher knows all the pupils by their first names.2. 名聲，聲譽 They are trying to restore the good name of the school.3. 名人 All the big Hollywood names were there last night.ComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyText AWords and EText A- Vocabulary Buil

58、dingA1Text A 給取名，命名 They named the child John.2. 叫出的名字 Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden?3. 任命 Mr. Michael has been named as the new chairman.4. 決定，說定 Please name the day for our wedding.v.ComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and ExpressionsnameText A- Vocabulary Buildi

59、ngA1Text Ain the name of 以的名義Much blood has been spilled in the name of religion.make a name for oneself 出名Hes been trying to make a name for himself in the music after 按命名，取名John was named after his uncle.to ones name 在某人名下He hasnt got a penny to his name.ComprehensionVocabulary Build

60、ingText StudyWords and ExpressionsnameText A- Vocabulary BuildingA2smell聞 He smelt the flowers.2. 嗅出 I can smell something burning in the kitchen.3. (用某種本能)注意到；意識到 We smelled trouble.4. 發出味 The food smelt good.Text Av.ComprehensionVocabulary BuildingText StudyWords and ExpressionsText A- Vocabulary