1、.1.2Novel titles：A Rose for EmilyChinese name：獻給艾米麗的一朵玫瑰花 也譯作紀念艾米麗的一朵玫瑰花Published time：In April 1930Author：William Faulkner 威廉福克納Birthplace: Mississippi in the United States 美國密西西比州（美國南部）福克納出生在美國南方一個沒落貴族家庭，這樣的身世對福克納的文學創作影響深遠。威廉福克納的15部長篇與絕大多數短篇的故事都發生在約克納帕塔法縣，稱為“約克納帕塔法世系”。其主要脈絡是這個縣杰弗生鎮及其郊區的屬于不同社會階層的若干

2、個家族的幾代人的故事。Faulkner was born in a declining aristocracy family in the southern United States, this life had profound influence on his literary creation. BackgroundsBackgrounds.3美國獨立后，南方和北方沿著兩條不同的道路發展。從19世紀20年代起，北部和中部各州開始了工業革命，而在南方，則實行的是黑人奴隸制度，南北矛盾和斗爭自19世紀起日趨激烈。后來，美國內戰爆發了。北方在戰爭中的勝利，內戰消滅了奴隸制，但是黑人在內戰后的

3、重建時期仍受到多方面的歧視和種植場主的剝削。After the independence of United States, North and south developed along different paths. Since the 1820s, the industrial revolution developed in north and Central states, While in the south, was the black slavery. Since the 19th century, the contradictions between North and so

4、uth had became increasingly fierce. Then, The American civil war broke out. As is known to all, victory belongs to the north,After the Civil war, slavery was eliminated, but the black still under various exploitation and discrimination. So thats the background of this story.BackgroundsBackgrounds.4獻

5、給艾米麗的一朵玫瑰代表了福克納短篇小說創作的最高成就。福克納運用現代主義寫作手法， 通過艾米麗的悲劇人生揭示特定歷史時期南方人矛盾的精神世界，探索人類心靈沖突這一永恒的主題。深刻地反映了社會變遷時期南方貴族的沒落和衰敗，新興資本主義與舊勢力之間的摩擦與沖突，以及新舊價值觀的矛盾。 A Rose for Emily represents Faulkners greatest achievements in the writing of short stories. Modernist writing techniques are skillfully used by Faulkner to te

6、ll the tragic life of Emily to show the incompatible inner spiritual world of American South in a specific period which is aimed at exploring the eternal theme of conflicts in human heart. Profoundly reflects southern aristocratic(貴貴族的族的 ,rstkrtk) decline and decay, and the friction and conflict bet

7、ween the emerging capitalism（資本主義）and the old forces , and the contradiction between old and new values in the period of social change .BackgroundsBackgrounds.5Reflect the changes of southern society, social conflicts and confrontations, and the relationship between the black and white after the civ

8、il war.反映美國南北戰爭后南方社會的變遷，社會的沖突和對抗，以及黑人和白人之間的關系等。ThemeTheme “ “conflictconflict” ”.6The heroines father was representative of the southern traditional moral constraints, and social norms, father never appeared as an alive person, but his influence was throughout, deep and everywhere in the novel.南北戰爭前

9、后的美國南方，以騎士精神和淑女風范傲然于世，對婦女貞操的崇拜是美國南方清教婦道思想所極力推崇的，淑女風范”旨在把女性培養成男性的附屬，她們沒有自我，無力掌控自身命運，幾乎談不上什么自由，只會保持淑女的驕傲和矜持，卻無力面對生活。Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back

10、-flung front door.“身段苗條，穿著白衣的艾米麗小姐立在背后，她父親叉開雙腳的側影在前面，背對艾米麗，手執一根馬鞭，一扇向后開的前門恰好嵌住了他們倆的身影。”“Crayon portrait” “父親的炭筆畫像”南方社會道德和父權制的束縛和壓迫男權至上（父親 兄長 丈夫） 清教思想南方傳統的價值觀念與文明現代化之南方傳統的價值觀念與文明現代化之間的矛盾間的矛盾u The contradiction between traditional values and modern civilizationu Paternalism (父權主義父權主義)EmilyHer fatherTh

11、emeTheme “ “conflictconflict” ”.7As a representative of the traditional incarnation, on one hand , Emily hoped to maintain social rules, on the other hand, she also wanted to have her beautiful love.責任與自由、遵守傳統和追求愛情之間的沖突責任與自由、遵守傳統和追求愛情之間的沖突她是端莊的南方淑女，她要維護自己的淑女形象和家族榮譽。面對愛情時， “艾米麗又蔑視社會等級和道德觀念，在戀愛和婚姻中表 現

12、出強烈的自我和自主意識。”她拋棄了自己一直信奉的義務和責任甚至家族榮譽，不顧一切地和 拿日工資的北方佬相愛了，精心準備婚禮，成為戀愛中的小女人。“Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer.”“格里爾生家的人絕對不會真的看中一個北方佬，一個拿日工資的人。”“even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige.”“She carried her head high enough-even when we be

13、lieved that she was fallen.”她把頭抬得高高甚至當我們相信她已經墮落了的時候也是如此。u Conflict between responsibility and freedom, abide by the tradition and the pursuit of loveEmilyPeople in townThemeTheme “ “conflictconflict” ”.8u Ethnic conflict and class conflict 種族沖突種族沖突 階級沖突階級沖突美國南北戰爭之后，當時的南方還一直遵從著白人與莊園主至上的思想。階級長期的明顯分化使得

14、鎮上的居民很大程度上忽略了黑人與白人是平等的，黑人也是人；甚至是黑人自己也潛意識里認為自己只是主人的工具，自己不應該有任何關于自己的想法。特別是在受到嚴厲舊時家教的艾米麗小姐家中，這種思想更為深刻。“Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket.”“每天、每月、每年我們看著這個黑人的頭發越來越花白，后背越來越彎曲,挎著籃子進進出出。”“we had long since given up trying to get

15、 any information from the Negro He talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse.” “我們已經放棄從他那里了解任何（有關艾米麗）的消息很長時間了。他不跟任何人說話，甚至可能不跟（艾米麗）說話，因為他的聲音變得既刺耳又仿佛生了銹，好像從來沒用過一樣。”After the American civil war, the south still followed the idea that white an

16、d manor were the noblest. long time class differentiation made the towns residents largely ignored that the black and white were equal .Even blacks themselves were subconsciously think that they were only tools of master, they should not have their own ideas. EmilyNegro manThemeTheme “ “conflictconf

17、lict” ”.9艾米麗象征著堅守家園，堅守高貴身份。保守傳統，掙扎在沒落文化中的南方舊思想。荷默則代表了容易接受新事物，見識廣博，崇拜享樂主義的美國北方新興文化。兩種不同文化碰撞在一起，結果可想而知，沖突必將爆發。所以艾米麗所表現出的變態的心理以及對于愛人所采取的極端方式我們也就不足為奇了。uThe conflict between old and new values uContradictions between nobility and labor class Emily was a symbol of the southern old ideas, Homer represented

18、 the emerging culture in the north American . Two different cultural collided with each other, as a result, it was conceivable that conflict would erupt.新舊價值觀的矛盾、貴族階級與勞工階級矛盾新舊價值觀的矛盾、貴族階級與勞工階級矛盾EmilyHomer BarronThemeTheme “ “conflictconflict” ”“Homer himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was known t