1、8B Unit4 A good readComic strip Welcome to the unit1. Have you decided what to do with these books? 你已經(jīng)決定怎樣處理這些書(shū)了嗎？do with 意思是： “對(duì)付，處理” ，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，在特殊疑問(wèn)句中， do with 與 what 搭配使用。例： What do you do with this problem? 你怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題？拓展： deal with 也意為“對(duì)付， 處理” ，用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，與how 搭配使用。例：I don t know how to deal with t

2、he problem. 我不知道怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。2. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.我得用它們來(lái)夠冰箱上的書(shū)。1) use sth. to do sth.意思是：“用某物來(lái)做某事“， 也可用為use sth. for (doing) sth.。被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)為： sth. be used to do sth.例： We use computers to play games.= Computers are used to play games. 我們用電腦玩游戲。2) reach 為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“夠到，到達(dá)”I '

3、m too short to reach the apple on the tre哦太矮了，夠不著樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果。3) They improve my knowledge of the past. 它們提高我對(duì)過(guò)去的認(rèn)識(shí)。Knowledge 是名詞，意為“知識(shí)，認(rèn)知，學(xué)問(wèn)” ，后可接 of 的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)或that 從句作同位語(yǔ)， 表示關(guān)于某方面的知識(shí)或?qū)δ橙嘶蚰呈碌牧私饣蚶斫猓?此時(shí) knowledge 前須加定冠詞the。例： He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge. 他貧于金錢(qián)，但富于學(xué)問(wèn)。She has a rich knowledge of C

4、hinese history. 她對(duì)中國(guó)的歷史了解很深。4) What do you like to do in your spare time? 你空閑時(shí)間喜歡干什么？Spare 是形容詞，意為“空閑的，多余的”例： How do you spend your spare time? 你怎樣度過(guò)你的空余時(shí)間？拓展：spare也可作為動(dòng)詞，意思是：為 留出，勻出例： Please spare some time for your hobbies. 請(qǐng)為你的愛(ài)好留出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。Reading1. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as

5、 far as I could.在我們的船觸礁以后，我盡可能遠(yuǎn)地向前游。1) against是介詞，意思是：靠著、頂著、迎著、襯著，例：The teacher' s desk is against the wall老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 紅旗在藍(lán)天的襯托下顯得十分鮮艷。2) as far as意為：與 一樣遠(yuǎn)、一直到，在否定句中也可寫(xiě)為so far as,例： We walked as far as the river. 我們一直走到河邊。拓展：as far as也可表示為“就 而言

6、， 從來(lái)看， 盡所能”例： We ll help you as far as it is possible. 我們會(huì)盡可能幫助你。2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. 我能感覺(jué)到陸地在我的腳下，我已經(jīng)精疲力竭了。Be tired out 意思是：疲倦，精疲力竭例： Those players were tired out after the fierce match. 那些隊(duì)員在那場(chǎng)激烈的比賽之后感到精疲力竭了。拓展： be tired of 對(duì) .感到厭倦; be tired with 因

7、 .而疲勞例： I am tired of living aboard. 我厭煩了國(guó)外的生活。He was tired with climbing that steep hill.我爬那座陡山爬累了 .3. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它在我肚子和脖子上移動(dòng)直到它站在離我臉很近的地方。until意思是“直到”，表示某一種動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間。用在肯定句中，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 Notuntil意為“直到才”，表示直到某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作才發(fā)生， 之前該動(dòng)作并沒(méi)有發(fā)生

8、。用在否定句中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是短暫性動(dòng)詞。例：I studied English until 9 o ' clock last ngh.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)直到九點(diǎn)鐘。（表示九點(diǎn)前一直在學(xué)）I didn ' t leave until 9 o ' clocktas晚直h.九點(diǎn)鐘才離開(kāi)。（表示九點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)）4. He was the same size as my little finger. 他和我的小手指一樣大。the sameas意思是“與 一樣"，這里as是連詞。例：My dress is the same color as yours.我的長(zhǎng)裙和你的顏色一樣

9、。拓展：the same as 意思是“與 一樣" 例：This answer must be a crib: it's exactly the same as Jones's. 這個(gè)答案可能是抄襲來(lái)的,跟瓊斯 的答案一模一樣。5. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 但是，他們很快 又起身，并繼續(xù)在我身上移動(dòng)。continue意思是“繼續(xù)”，指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)或持續(xù)不中斷。可以表示一件事一直在做，中間沒(méi)有停歇；也可以表示中間有一個(gè)中斷，接著又做下去，可作及物動(dòng)詞，也

10、可作不及物動(dòng)詞。后可以加名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式或that從句。例：She looked up for a moment, then continued drawing. 她抬頭看了一下，然后繼續(xù)畫(huà)畫(huà)。6. I did not know what to say either. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed tobreak the ropes.我也不知道說(shuō)什么。我盡量空出一只手并且最終設(shè)法弄斷了繩子。1） either是副詞，用于否定句中作“也”解釋，通常置于句末。Either還可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)否定含義的短語(yǔ)。例：I don '

11、; t like the red shirt and I don ' t like the green布值頡這件紅色襯衫我也不喜歡這件綠色的。As for me, I shall not return there either.如果是我，我也不會(huì)回到那兒去。拓展：either用作代詞，意為“（兩者之中）任一、任何一個(gè)”，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能修飾單數(shù)名詞。例：Either of the books is popular with the students.兩本書(shū)中任何一本都受到學(xué)生的歡迎。2） manage意為"設(shè)法完成，管理”，名詞為 managem

12、ent例：How did you manage to get their approval? 你怎樣得到他們同意的?Under strict management, his business gained ground. 在嚴(yán)格的管理下 , 他的生意有了起色 .Grammar1. 疑問(wèn)詞+不定式（to do）疑問(wèn)詞有疑問(wèn)代詞 who, whom, what, which, whose 和疑問(wèn)副詞 when, where, how, why。此外, 連接詞whether也適用。“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)有下列五種功能：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，如：When to hold the meeting has not ye

13、t been decided.何時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。Where to live is a problem. 住哪里是個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：We must know what to say at a meeting. 我們必須知道在會(huì)上說(shuō)些什么。He could not tell whom to trust. 他無(wú)法分辨該信任誰(shuí)。當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，如：The problem is where to find the financial aid. 問(wèn)題是到哪找到財(cái)政援助。當(dāng)名詞同位語(yǔ)，如：Tom had no idea which book to read first. 湯姆不知道先讀哪本書(shū)。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如

14、：Jim is not sure whose to choose. 吉姆不確定選擇誰(shuí)的。Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 瑪麗和約翰不確定是否要結(jié)婚。適用于 “疑問(wèn)詞 +不定式動(dòng)詞” 的動(dòng)詞包括：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand 等。有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)

15、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：I could not decide which dictionary to buy.= I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.我不能決定買(mǎi)哪本字典。Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.杰克不知道到哪能找到這樣一個(gè)好老師。有些動(dòng)詞，如 ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach 等

16、，可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)?“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Have you told him where to get the application form? 你告訴他哪里領(lǐng)申請(qǐng)表了嗎？2. must 和 have to 的用法。區(qū)別 1： must 多表示主觀需要或責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事，多譯為 “必須 ” ，而have to 多表示客觀存在的環(huán)境所限，即客觀要求（無(wú)奈）而為之，多譯為“不得不干某事” 。例： I must clean the room because it is too dirty. （無(wú)人強(qiáng)迫）因?yàn)樘K了，我必須要打掃房間。We must

17、 be there on time.（責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使）我們一定準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。I have to do my homework now. （不得不做）我現(xiàn)在不得不做作業(yè)。I have to leave school because my family is poor now.因?yàn)榧依锔F了，我不得不退學(xué)。區(qū)別2： must沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而 have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例：Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has togo to take care of

18、him. 大明受傷了。醫(yī)生說(shuō)他大概得住院兩周，他的父親得去照顧他。We don ' t have to go to school on Sundays星期天我們不必上學(xué)。區(qū)別 3： must 的否定為 mustnt ，多表示 “禁令 ”。例： No! You must n t turn left! You must turn right into The Strand.不！你不能向左轉(zhuǎn)！你應(yīng)該向右轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入到 strand 中。由must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用 must或have to,否定回答要用 needn'或don' t have to意思是 “不必 ” ；此用法

19、在中考中的單選題中容易出現(xiàn)！例： 1） Must I finish my homework before eight o cloYcke?s, you must.我必須要在8 點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)嗎？是的，必須。2) Must I attend the meeting?No, you needn ' t/ don ' t have to. You can ask Tom to go instead.我必須要參加這次會(huì)議嗎？不。你不必。你可以讓湯姆替你去。Integrated skills & Study skills1. All the British publishing

20、houses refused to publish it.所有的英國(guó)出版社都拒絕出版。refuse是動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“拒絕，回絕"。一般形式為refuse+to do sth.或 refuse sth. sb.例：We asked him to come, but he refused.我們叫他來(lái)，可是他拒絕了。He refused to change his mind. 他拒絕改變主意。She refused their invitation.她拒絕了他們的邀請(qǐng)。2. So far到目前為止，至今若強(qiáng)調(diào)so far所描述的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成

21、時(shí)。例：So far there has been no bad news.到現(xiàn)在為止還沒(méi)有什么壞消息。So far 50 people have died in the fighting.到目前為止，已有 50人在戰(zhàn)斗中喪生。若不強(qiáng)調(diào)so far所描述的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，則只是側(cè)重描述一種客觀現(xiàn)象，則可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如：So far, it is only talk.至今還只是空談。This is likely to be the biggest conference so far.這很可能是迄今為止規(guī)模最大的一次會(huì)議。3. How many books

22、can I borrow at a time?一次我能借多少本書(shū)？at a time意思是“一次，每次"，常用于"數(shù)詞+at a time”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。例：He checked one person at a time as they came in.當(dāng)他們進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他一個(gè)一個(gè)地檢查。拓展：at one time一般指“過(guò)去某一時(shí)期，曾一度( once)"或"同時(shí)"的意思。例：At one time I used to like her, but not any more now. 我曾一度很喜歡她，可現(xiàn)在不喜歡了。4. For example,

23、Treasure Island tells the story of a young boy who sailed the sea to look forhidden treasure.比如，金銀島講一個(gè)小男孩出海尋找寶藏的故事。1) look for意為 尋找”，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找”這一動(dòng)作。如：What are you looking for ?你在找什么？ I'm looking for my bike .我在找我的自行車(chē)。2) find意為 找到“發(fā)現(xiàn)“，強(qiáng)調(diào) 找”的結(jié)果，其賓語(yǔ)往往是某個(gè)丟失的東西或人。如：一 Did you find Li Ming yesterday

24、?你昨天找到李明了嗎？- No, we looked for him everywhere , but didn't find him .沒(méi)有。我們到處找了，但沒(méi)有找到他。拓展：find發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺(jué)例：I didn't find the joke at all amusing. 我認(rèn)為這笑話一點(diǎn)也不可笑。3) find out著重表示通過(guò)理解、分析、思考、詢問(wèn)等 弄清楚“查明”一件事情，其后的賓語(yǔ) 常常是某個(gè)情況、事實(shí)。如：Please find out when the train leaves . 請(qǐng)查下火車(chē)什么時(shí)候離站。5. I also want to travel an

25、d have exciting experiences in the future.在將來(lái)我也想去旅游并且有激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷。1) experience用作名詞，表示 經(jīng)驗(yàn)“體驗(yàn)”，是不可數(shù)多詞；而表示 經(jīng)歷”,通常是可數(shù)名 詞。如：Experience is the best teacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。I know from experience that he will arrive late. 據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他會(huì)遲至U 的。He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa.他在非洲旅行時(shí)， 有很多有趣的 經(jīng)歷

26、。表示做某事的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，其后接in (of)doing sth. 。如：He has had many years ' experience in (of) wheat planting / planting wheat. 多年種/J、麥的經(jīng) 驗(yàn)。比較： have experience in (of) teaching = have teaching experience(教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn))2) 用作動(dòng)詞，表示 “體驗(yàn) ”“經(jīng)歷 ”等，只用作及物動(dòng)詞。如：The child had never experienced kindness. 這孩子從未受過(guò)善待。He experienced great

27、 hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以來(lái)第一次體驗(yàn)到巨大的艱 苦。3)experienced 為形容詞，意思是“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的” 。He qsuite experienced in teaching beginners. 他在教初學(xué)者方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Task Self-assessment1. Who do you usually ask for advice on books? 通常是誰(shuí)給你讀書(shū)的建議？advice為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是 建議”，可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of等修飾，不能 說(shuō)an advice或many/a few advices ,表示 宥關(guān)的建議”時(shí)，用介詞on接名詞、代詞或由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的不定式。例如：Let' s ask for his advice on what to do next.我們?nèi)フ髑笠幌滤囊庖?jiàn)下一步該怎么辦。常見(jiàn)搭配：give advice on對(duì)提出建議