1、閱讀猜測技巧閱讀猜測技巧通過上下文猜測生詞意義通過上下文猜測生詞意義二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義 or or有時可作為識別同義詞或近義詞的信號詞有時可作為識別同義詞或近義詞的信號詞 likelike( (被定義為被定義為) )，as asas as( (被稱為被稱為) )，the same asthe same as( (被稱為被稱為) ) 等等也可作為識別生詞的同義詞或近義詞的信號詞，以這些詞也可作為識別生詞的同義詞或近義詞的信號詞，以這些詞為線索，有時也可推斷出生詞的詞義來。為線索，有時也可推斷出生詞的詞義來。 有時有時標(biāo)點符號標(biāo)點符號如逗號、

2、括號、破折號等被用來表示兩個相如逗號、括號、破折號等被用來表示兩個相鄰的詞為同義詞或近義詞，這些標(biāo)點符號也為讀者理解其鄰的詞為同義詞或近義詞，這些標(biāo)點符號也為讀者理解其中的生詞提供線索。中的生詞提供線索。 有時為了避免用詞的重復(fù)，作者往往使用不同的詞來表達有時為了避免用詞的重復(fù)，作者往往使用不同的詞來表達相同的意思。在很多情況下，并沒有什么信號詞或符號來相同的意思。在很多情況下，并沒有什么信號詞或符號來幫助識別是否是同義詞或近義詞，這時讀者要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)。幫助識別是否是同義詞或近義詞，這時讀者要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)。有些同義詞或近義詞不是緊挨著的，而是在附近的句子里，有些同義詞或近義詞不是緊挨著的，而是在附近

3、的句子里，甚至在較遠的地方，所以遇到生詞不要馬上停下來，要繼甚至在較遠的地方，所以遇到生詞不要馬上停下來，要繼續(xù)閱讀，擴大視域，有時會找出猜詞的線索而感到豁然開續(xù)閱讀，擴大視域，有時會找出猜詞的線索而感到豁然開朗。朗。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義There are many storybooks written for children that have historical value. Photographs lend authenticityauthenticity, or reality to these books as well as

4、 teach the lesson in an enjoyable manner.在敘述的過程中，作者認為authenticityauthenticity一詞可能對讀者來說是一個生詞，所以緊接著用or or引出了它的同義詞reality，此詞是一般讀者所熟悉的詞，因此讀者根據(jù)已知的同義詞reality就可以推斷出authenticityauthenticity一詞的大概意思來，即“真實性；真實”。譯文譯文： 有很多為兒童所寫的故事書很有歷史價值插圖不僅賦予這些書以真實性，而且還以一種非常有趣的方式教他們知識。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義The ne

5、w tax law supersedessupersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.此句中，作者考慮到supersedesupersede一詞可能是生詞，緊接著用or or引出該詞的同義詞replace，此詞是一比較常用的詞，讀者可以根據(jù)replace一詞的詞義能很容易地推斷出supersedesupersede一詞的大概意思來，即“取代，更替”。譯文譯文： 新的稅收法律以取代去年生效的那個法律。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義Children often try to e

6、mulateemulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.此句中，作者考慮到emulateemulate一詞可能是生詞，但其后用or or引出了它的同義詞，copy的意思為“抄寫；仿效”，以copy為線索就不難推測出emulateemulate一詞的詞義來。譯文譯文： 小孩經(jīng)常試著去仿效他們在電視所看到的行為。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義Like bright David, Richard may be intelligentintelligent.此句中，以likelike一詞為

7、線索，讀者就能很快地作出判斷：bright和intelligentintelligent這兩個詞的意思非常接近。 bright一詞的意思是“聰明的，伶俐的”，一般來說，聰明伶俐的人都是智力比較好的人，那么intelligentintelligent一詞的大概意思就顯而易見了。譯文譯文： 像聰明的大衛(wèi)一樣，理查德可能有很好的智力。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as pl

8、umpplump as mother, and much shorter.此句中，作者把學(xué)校的校長和他的母親相比，有相同之處和不同之處。校長比母親年紀大，個子矮些，但有一點是相同的，并 用as asas as結(jié)構(gòu)表示出來。從這一對比中，可以看出fat和plumpplump是近義詞。fat是一般讀者熟悉的詞，即“肥胖的”，那么，plumpplump一詞的意思就能猜個大概了。譯文譯文： 母親是身材高大、肥胖的中年婦女。學(xué)校的校長年齡稍大些，幾乎跟母親一樣肥胖，不過個子要矮得多。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義A sleeping person is unc

9、onsciousunconscious unawareunaware of what is going on around him.此句中，破折號前后兩詞unconsciousunconscious和unawareunaware互為同義詞，知道其中一個詞的意思，另一個詞的意思也就迎刃而解了。譯文譯文： 睡著的人是無知覺的不知道周圍在發(fā)生什么。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義Medical scientists and computer scientists have worked together to develop computer program

10、s to identify disease from sign, symptomssymptoms and test result.此句中，逗號前后的sign和symptomssymptoms兩詞互為近義詞，表示“征兆”的意思，與前面的disease聯(lián)系起來，這些征兆都應(yīng)該是病癥或癥狀。sign是一比較常用的詞，以sign一詞為線索，symptomssymptoms一詞的詞義也就容易理解了。譯文譯文： 醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家和計算機科學(xué)家已在一起共同工作以編制一些計算機程序從一些征兆、癥狀和試驗結(jié)果來確定疾病。二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義When it com

11、es to manufactured goods there is actually more diversitydiversity in this country than Europe has ever known. The variety of goods carried by our stores is the first thing that impresses any visitor from abroad.如果只是孤立讀前面一句，也許無法猜出diversitydiversity一詞的詞義，這時不要停止閱讀，繼續(xù)往下看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)variety是diversitydiversity的

12、同義詞， variety這個詞比較常用，即“多樣化；品種”，那么diversitydiversity一詞的詞義也就容易推斷出來了。譯文譯文： 談到成品，實際上這個國家的產(chǎn)品種類要比歐洲國家所知道的要多得多。我們商店的商品的多樣化給任何一個外國人留下深刻第一印象。Guess the meaning of the italicizeditalicized words in the following sentences, using the context cluesthe context clues.1. In order to discover who had a natural abilit

13、y to learn language, the students were given test to determine their language aptitudeaptitude.2. At first I was doubtful that I could do the job. After some practice, however, I am less dubiousdubious.3. Spring upSpring up means to come up or arise or originate, often through natural process and su

14、ddenly or quickly.4. Mr. Kelada was incredibly cocksurecocksure. It was this excessive selfconfidence that made you want to prove him wrong whenever he gave an opinion.5. The woman found herself in a difficult situation, in fact, her plightplight was so serious that she decided to get help.6. John h

15、as a brother and sister, but his best friend has no siblingsibling.7. Our environment is continuously changing, our values are changing as incessantlyincessantly as our environment.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises8. Many people suggest restricting the number of places where pe

16、ople could smoke. Such restrictions would not try to eliminate public smoking completely, but only to curbcurb smoking by reducing cigarette consumption.9. Tom enjoys talking, and he is the most loquaciousloquacious of all the boys in the class.10. A prcisprcis, or summary, is actually a restatement

17、 of long reading passage.11. After a brief interrogationinterrogation, the suspect was released on bond. Questioning alone does not establish guilt.12. There was consensusconsensus, or agreement, among the faculty to require one term paper for each course.13. The organisms that survive will be the o

18、nes that overcome their enemies or rivalsrivals.14. We may have special standard or criteriacriteria in mind when we analyze something.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises15. The integrityintegrity of a thing is its wholeness, completeness or unity in a special sense.16. A man con

19、fronts enemies or opponentsopponents (those opposed to him or in opposition to his view, etc.) when he meets them face to face and is prepared to fight them, argue with them, etc.17. Usually if restaurant food is poorly prepared, I dont criticize the waiter. Instead I reprimandreprimand the manage.1

20、8. We say that a job or a piece of work is done thoroughlythoroughly when it is done completely.19. I question whether his facts are correct and I challengechallenge his reason as well.20. Many famous psychologists are trying to understand the problems modern people suffer from, but these eminentemi

21、nent scholars are confused about what causes them.21. Some people dont like to travel to foreign countries. They prefer the comforts and familiarity of home instead of the strangeness of an alienalien environment.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises22. In ancient times it was cust

22、omary for people to watch the stars and think about what might exist up there in space. Thousands of years later, scientists continue to speculatespeculate about the nature of the universe.23. The young man was unfriendly, bitter and angry, even though everyone else seemed happy and pleasant. I coul

23、d not imagine why he had so much hostilityhostility towards everyone.24. The rope can at all times pull as heavy a load without a balance as the engine is capable of haulinghauling.25. As Jane looked so immatureimmature, everyone expected her to act childishly.26. Some plants can accumulateaccumulat

24、e and store water in their tissues.27. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathologicalpathological.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises28. Organic substances and products decomp

25、osedecompose when they separate into their constituent parts or elements.29. When someone dispersesdisperses people he causes them to go in different directions, or scatters them. When things or people are widely dispersed, they are scattered over a large area.30. ShruggingShrugging, or lifting the

26、shoulders, is a typical French gesture to show that one doesnt know or doesnt care about something.31. Many ships left land and disappeared completely; the US Cyclops, for example, vanishedvanished in 1918.32. A meticulousmeticulous typist, my secretary is very conscientious about correcting even th

27、e smallest error.33. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimentaldetrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.34. When air and water is contaminatedcontaminated to such an extent that it is unfit for human use, we say that it is polluted.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線

28、索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises35. These materials can be used to conductconduct, or lead, electricity from place to place.36. SpectaclesSpectacles or glasses, are used by people who can not see perfectly, or by people who want to protect their eyes from bright light.37. Sally liked to concoctconcoct all so

29、rts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.38. A thing is superiorsuperior when it is better than other things of the same kind.39. A thing is inferiorinferior when it is worse than other things of the same kind.40. When the stone is whirling around your head the string pulling th

30、e stone inward so that it travels in a circle rather than in a straight line. This force keeping the stone moving in the circle is called centripetalcentripetal force.41. Although I did not completely approve of the idea, I sanctionsanction it, for I could not think of a better one.二二) )、以同義詞、近義詞為線索

31、猜測詞義、以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義ExercisesExercises42. The conservation of minerals is important, because supplies of many important minerals are exceedingexceeding (extremely) limited.43. A guarantee is a promise or undertakingundertaking, usually in writing or print and having legal force, that conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled. For example, a man who