ICS13.180

CCSA25

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

代替GB/T18976—2003

人?系統交互工效學

第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統

設計

Ergonomicsofhuman?systeminteraction—Part210：Human?centreddesign

forinteractivesystems

（ISO9241?210：2019，IDT）

2024?08?23發布2025?03?01實施

國家市場監督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發布

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義··············································································································1

4采用以人為中心設計的理論基礎···················································································4

5以人為中心的設計原則·······························································································5

5.1概述·················································································································5

5.2設計需基于對用戶、任務和環境的清晰認知································································5

5.3用戶全程參與設計和開發······················································································5

5.4通過以用戶為中心的評估來驅動和改進設計······························································6

5.5設計過程需迭代··································································································6

5.6設計需解決全流程的用戶體驗················································································6

5.7設計團隊具有多學科技能和視角·············································································7

6規劃以人為中心的設計·······························································································7

6.1通則·················································································································7

6.2職責·················································································································7

6.3規劃內容···········································································································8

6.4與項目規劃的融合·······························································································8

6.5時間和資源········································································································8

7以人為中心的設計活動·······························································································8

7.1概述·················································································································8

7.2理解并明確使用情境···························································································10

7.2.1概述··········································································································10

7.2.2使用情境描述······························································································10

7.2.3足夠的細節來支持設計··················································································10

7.2.4為設計明確的使用情境··················································································10

7.3明確用戶需求····································································································11

7.3.1通則··········································································································11

7.3.2識別用戶和其他利益相關方的需要···································································11

7.3.3提取用戶需求······························································································11

7.3.4解決用戶需求之間的權衡···············································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

7.3.5確保用戶需求規范的質量···············································································11

7.4提出設計方案····································································································11

7.4.1通則··········································································································11

7.4.2在綜合考慮用戶體驗的情況下設計用戶任務、用戶?系統交互和用戶界面以滿足用戶

需求··········································································································12

7.4.3具象化設計方案···························································································13

7.4.4基于以用戶為中心的評估和反饋修改設計方案····················································13

7.4.5將設計方案移交給負責實施的人員···································································13

7.5評估設計··········································································································13

7.5.1通則··········································································································13

7.5.2執行以用戶為中心的評估···············································································14

7.5.3以用戶為中心的評估方法···············································································14

7.5.4基于用戶的測試···························································································14

7.5.5基于檢查的評估···························································································15

7.5.6長期監測····································································································15

8可持續性與以人為中心設計·······················································································15

9符合性··················································································································16

附錄A（資料性）ISO9241系列概述···············································································17

附錄B（資料性）評估適用性與符合性的過程示例······························································18

B.1概述···············································································································18

B.2如何使用該清單································································································18

B.3復制清單·········································································································18

參考文獻····················································································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規

定起草。

本文件是GB/T18978的第210部分。GB/T18978已經發布了以下部分：

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第1部分：概述；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第2部分：任務要求指南；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第10部分：對話原則；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第12部分：信息呈現；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第13部分：用戶指南；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第16部分：直接操作對話；

——人?系統交互工效學第11部分：可用性：定義和概念；

——人?系統交互工效學第143部分：表單；

——人?系統交互工效學第151部分：互聯網用戶界面指南；

——人?系統交互工效學第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統設計；

——人?系統交互工效學第300部分：電子視覺顯示要求概述；

——人?系統交互工效學第304部分：電子視覺顯示器的用戶績效測試方法；

——人?系統交互工效學第307部分：電子視覺顯示器的分析和符合性試驗方法；

——人?系統交互工效學第400部分：物理輸入設備的原則和要求。

本文件代替GB/T18976—2003《以人為中心的交互系統設計過程》，與GB/T18976—2003相比，

除結構和編輯性改動，主要技術變化如下：

——更改了以人為中心的設計原則（見第5章，2003年版的第5章）；

——更改了迭代在整個設計過程中的作用（而不僅僅是評估）（見5.5，2003年版的5.4）；

——增加了以人為中心的方法可在系統的整個生命周期中使用（見6.1、6.5）；

——更改了設計活動（見第7章，2003年版的第7章）；

——更改了圖1（見7.1，2003年版的7.1），便于分類；

——增加了無障礙的相關內容（見7.1）。

本文件等同采用ISO9241?210：2019《人?系統交互工效學第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統

設計》。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由全國人類工效學標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC7）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國標準化研究院、美的集團股份有限公司、山東賢思齊智能科技有限公司、鄭

州大學、廈門業盛電氣有限公司、安吉偉譽家具有限公司、大連海事大學、上海飛機設計研究院、北京聯

合大學、廣東中泰家具集團有限公司、中標能效科技（北京）有限公司、北京航空航天大學、海信空調有

限公司、首都經濟貿易大學、青島海爾智能技術研發有限公司、寧波方太廚具有限公司、杭州老板電器

股份有限公司、內蒙古電投能源股份有限公司、國家電投集團科學技術研究院有限公司、工業和信息化

部電子第五研究所、北京津發科技股份有限公司、李寧（中國）體育用品有限公司、南京我樂家居股份有

限公司、國投中標質量基礎設施研究院有限公司、美的集團（上海）有限公司、中標能效科技（青島）有限

公司。

本文件主要起草人：呼慧敏、劉正捷、李銀霞、章哲、牛文磊、饒嘯、冉令華、陳林、張欣、董大勇、

Ⅲ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

趙朝義、王瑞、葛猛、葉欽賜、杜匯、楊愛萍、王潔、杜俊敏、楊帆、羅玲、王中婷、吳海媚、王文麗、程偉香、

別清峰、于彩靈、俞貴濤、鐘素萍、徐長友、郭蘇煜、沈峰、陳綱、朱亮標、趙起超、汪春俊、韋波、宋云娜、

吳石、劉廷、陳劍、張悅、劉義瑋、馮才云、溫燕斌、陳凱、張超然、邵金鵬、周冬冬、初軍鵬、田浩、褚立慶、

孫少山、包建軍、張秋霞、李宏瑞、董煒茜。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發布情況為：

——2003年首次發布為GB/T18976—2003；

——本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅳ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

引言

GB/T18978人類工效學系列國家標準與ISO9241系列國際標準相對應，最初由17個部分組成，

該系列標準給出了使用視覺顯示終端辦公的人類工效學要求。在國際標準復審時，ISO9241系列國際

標準進行了重大調整，擴大了范圍，納入了其他相關標準，使其更方便使用。ISO9241的總標題“人?系

統交互工效學”反映了調整后的變化，ISO9241與ISO/TC159/SC4分技術委員會的總標題和范圍保

持一致。調整后多部分標準所組成的系列標準以“百”來編號，其中100系列是軟件界面，200系列是

以人為中心的設計，300系列涉及視覺顯示器，400系列涉及物理輸入設備等。其他沒有納入“百”系列

的ISO9241系列標準，仍然沿用舊的編號，如等同采標ISO9241?11：2018的國家標準，編號仍采用

GB/T18978.11。

與ISO9241系列標準相對應，GB/T18978“百”系列標準擬由以下系列組成。

——100系列：軟件工效學。目的在于確定與軟件工效學相關的過程和方法。

——200系列：以人為中心的設計。目的在于為交互系統整個生命周期中以人為本的設計原則和

活動提供要求和建議。

——300系列：顯示器和顯示器相關硬件。目的在于給出用于視覺顯示器工效學設計和評估的方

法、符合性措施和準則。

——400系列：物理輸入設備。目的在于提供輸入、輸出設備的工效學設計準則、選擇規程、測試

和評估方法。

——500系列：工作空間。目的在于給出交互系統空間環境設計的工效學原理和方法。

——600系列：環境工效學。目的在于給出環境工效學要求以及環境對人的影響。

——700系列：控制室。目的在于為控制室內場所的工效學設計和評估提供要求、建議和指導。

——900系列：觸覺和觸感交互。目的在于為觸覺和觸感工效學交互設計和評估提供指導。

以人為中心設計是交互系統開發的一種方法，旨在通過關注用戶的需要和需求，應用人因學/人類

工效學以及可用性的知識和方法，使系統可用并有用。這種方法提高了有效性和效率，改善了人的福

祉、用戶滿意度、無障礙和可持續性，并減少了使用中對人的健康、安全和績效可能產生的負面影響。

關于如何有效地組織和應用以人為中心設計，有大量的人因學/人類工效學和可用性知識。本文

件旨在提供這些信息，幫助負責管理硬件和軟件設計以及升級流程的人員確認和規劃及時有效的以人

為中心設計活動。

本文件所描述的以人為中心的設計方法是對現有系統設計方法的補充。它能結合到各種各樣的

方法中，比如面向對象、瀑布式和快速應用程序開發中。

ISO13407自制定并經過十年的應用驗證以來，以人為中心的設計原則和相關活動并沒有實質性

的改變。本文件通過提出需求和建議反映了這一點。

Ⅴ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2