（上海市專用）2024屆高考英語沖刺必考題型預測真題模擬——短文選詞填空（10篇）（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A．application

B．content

C．essential

D．estimatesE.evaluation

F.finance

G.negative

H.increasinglyI.refusal

J.underlines

K.marvelouslyIfyourparentstakeoutaloan,remindthemtomakethepaymentsontime.Otherwiseitwillbecomea(n)1recordintheirpersonalcreditreports,whichareplayinga(n)2bigroleinpeople’sdailylives.AstorycarriedbyChongqingMorningPostinJune,3thistrend.Accordingtothereport,aChongqingstudentborrowedmoneyfromthebankto4hisuniversitystudies.Afterhegraduatedin2005,hewenttoworkinShenzhen.Later,hewantedtobuyahouseusingloans.Butseveralbanksturneddownhisloan5.Thereasonwasthathehadnotpaidback1,500yuanheborrowedfromabankwhenhewasatuniversity,Apersonalcreditratingisbecominga(n)6“pass”ineverydaylife,asChinaestablishesanationwidecreditdatabase.Personalcreditsystemsgoback150years.Indevelopedcountries,enterprisesandbanksusethemtodecidewhetherornottoloanmoneyordootherbusinesswithaperson.Acreditreport7thecreditworthinessofanindividual,acompany,orevenacountry.Itisa(n)8madebycreditbureausofaborrower’soverallcredithistoryandhisorherabilitytorepaydebt.Apoorcreditratingmeansahighriskofdefaultingonaloan,andthusleadstothe9ofaloanbythelender.TodayinChina,credithistoryinbanksisthemajor10ofacreditreport.Butinthefuture,reportswillincludeinformationaboutthepaymentoftelephonebills,waterusefees,electricityandnaturalgasbills,andtaxes,accordingtoofficialsofthePeople’sBankofChina,thecentralbank.（2023上·上海·高三校考階段練習）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．bidding

B．formerly

C．survived

D．classify

E.version

F.exceededG.specializing

H.necessarily

I.authenticity

J.overstated

K.antiquarianRarecopyofShakespeare’sFirstFoliosoldforalmost$10millionWednesday,becomingthemostexpensiveworkofliteratureevertoappearatauction.TheFirstFolioisconsideredamongthemostimportantcollectionsofliteratureintheEnglishlanguage.Itcontains18worksthathadnot11appearedinprint,andwouldotherwisehavebeenlosttohistory,including“Macbeth”and“TwelfthNight.”Publishedin1623bytheactorsJohnHemingeandHenryCondell,friendsoftheEnglishplaywright,thebookisformallytitled“Comedies,Histories,andTragedies,”basedonthethreegenresthepartusedto12theplays.The13soldonWednesdaywasthefirstcompletecopytoappearatauctionsinceonewentfor$6.1millionin2001.Afterasix-minute14battlebetweenthreetelephonebuyers,theitemwaspurchasedbybookdealerand15StephanLoewentheilfor$9.98million.Inaphoneinterviewfollowingthesale,hedescribedShakespeare’soriginalfoliosasthe“holygrail(圣杯)ofbooks.”“ItisthegreatestworkintheEnglishlanguage,surelythegreatestworkoftheater,soit’ssomethingthatanyonewholovesintellectualismhastoconsideraholyobject,”saidLoewentheil,whoownsstores16inrarebooksandphotographyinNewYorkandMaryland.Althougharound750copiesoftheFirstFoliowereproduced,just235areknowntohave17tothepresentday.Ofthese,only56areconsideredtobecomplete,withalmostallofthemnowheldbyinstitutionsintheUSandUK,accordingtoChristie’s,whosesalecatalogsaidtheitem’s“extraordinaryrarity...cannotbe18.”Thebookcameinabindingdatingbacktotheearly19thcentury.ItwassoldalongsidealetterbyShakespearescholarEdmondMalonefrom1809confirmingits19.Thefinalsaleprice20theauctionhouse’sestimates,whichhadpredictedtopbidsof$4millionto$6million.（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中學校考期中）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．advance

B．appeal

C．association

D．differs

E.diligently

F.entirelyG.frustration

H.produce

I.uncooperative

J.vague

K.worthyThegardenpathImagineaplateholdingtwostrawberries,identicalinappearance.Onecameoutofasupermarketbox.Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.Thefirstonewillprobablytastelikeaslightlysourcucumber,witha(n)21hintofberrytaste.Thesecondislikelytobesweetandfloral.Supermarketstrawberriesarenot22withoutadvantages:theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphereinFebruary.Butthetwoberriesaredistinctfromeachotherinthesamewaythathearingmusicinaconcerthall23fromlisteningtoitonaworn-outcassette.Thehome-grownfruitisanediblecaseforcultivatingahomegarden.Thosewholongdismissedgardeningasawasteoftime24thisargumentwithgreatpassion.Theythinkagardencanyieldpeasthattastelikethevibrant,greenessenceofspring;tomatoesandcarrotsofincomparablesweetness;andlettucesandherbsthattastelikethemselvesratherthantheplastictheyareusuallypackagedin.Growingyourownvegetables,exoticorroutine,ensuresareliablesupply,offeringqualityseasonal25.Thatattitudemisrepresentstheultimate26ofgardening:itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.Ontheotherhand,agarden,especiallyintheeasyyears,canalsoyieldlittlebut27.Novicegardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason’sharvestto28weather.Nomatter.Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.Thedeepestpleasure—aswithcookingwriting,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile-isintheworkitself.Agardener’smemoriescenternotonthefoodproduced,butonlongsummerafternoonswithhandsinthedirt,surroundedbyfamily,ifthegardenisathome,ordeepening29withfriendsandneighborsinacommunitygarden.Togardenisto30helplifeflourishwithloveandpatience,inthegroundandaboveit.（2023上·上海·高三復旦附中校考期中）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．categoriseB．creationC．goodD．innovativeE.maximumF.packedG.pedestrianiseH.processingI.shapeJ.short-livedK.transformationAllChangeinCuritiba!Likemanyothermajorworldcities,CuritibainsouthernBrazilhashadtodealwithissuessuchaspollution,poverty,andlimitedpublicfunding.However,thearchitectandthree-timesmayorofthecity,JaimeLerner,hasintroducedsome31solutions.Aspartofhis‘MasterPlan’,Lernerhopedtomakethecitymoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Heinitiatedarecyclingscheme.Inreturnfordeliveringrecyclablerubbishtospecified32points,residentsreceiveabagofvegetablesorbustickets.Asaresult,Curitibanowhasoneofthehighestrecyclingratesintheworld.Lerneralsoorderedthe33of26urbanparks.Aswellaspreventingpollution,thesecontrolflooding.Lernerdidnotwinoverallthecity’sresidentsimmediately,however.Whenhisplansto34partofthecentrewerepassed,localbusinesseswereupinarms,fearingareductioninprofits.Realisingheneededtoactquickly,Lernerhadthe35ofsixblockscompletedwithinthreedays.Whenagroupofmotoristsattemptedtodrivethroughthenewpedestrianarea,Lernerarrangedforlocalprimaryschoolstoholdapaintingworkshoponthestreets.Thedriverswereforcedtoturnback.LuckilyforLerner,thisrebellionwas36.Theincreaseinprofitrapidlypersuadedshopownerstochangetheirminds.Lerner’sdeterminationhelped37theCuritibaoftoday.TheaverageincomepercapitahasrisenfromalevelthatwasbelowtheBrazilianaverageinthe1970sto66%abovetheaverage,andsurveysindicatehighlevelsofresidentsatisfaction.So,isitalljustonebigsuccessstory?Insomerespects,Curitibamayhavebeentoosuccessfulforitsown38.Peopleandbusinesseshavecometothecity,whichnowhasmorethan1.8millionresidents.Thishasputthecityunderenormousstress.Fortyyearsago,busestransported54,000passengersaday.Nowthenumberis2.3million.Accordingtosomeexperts,thetransportsystemhasreachedits39efficiencycapacity.Followingariseincomplaintsaboutthenoisyand40buses,theserviceisindecline.（2023上·上海·高三同濟大學第一附屬中學校考階段練習）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．assigned

B．attractive

C．bridge

D．cooperating

E.exposed

F.possessionsG.requests

H.screen

I.socializing

J.unappealing

K.virtualTheofficeusedtobeaplacepeoplewentbecausetheyhadto.Meetingshappenedinconferenceroomsandinperson.Deskstookupmostofthece.ThekingdomofDilbertandofDavidBrentisnowunderthreat.Thepandemichas41theofficetocompetitionfromremoteworking,andbroughtupquestionsabouthowitshouldbedesignedinthefuture.Startwithwhattheofficeisfor.Inthepastitwasaplaceforemployeestogettheirworkdone,whateverformthattook.Nowotherconceptionsofitsrolestriveforattention.Somethinkoftheofficeasthenewoffsite(異地活動).Itspurposeistogetpeopletogetherinpersonsotheycandothethingsthatremoteworkingmakesharder:establishingdeeperrelationshipsor42inrealtimeonspecificprojects.Otherstalkoftheofficeasadestination,aplacethathastomaketheideaofgettingoutofbedearlier,inordertosocializewithpeoplewhomayhavecovid-19,seem

43.Inotherwords,alayoutthatislargelydevotedtopeopleworkingatdesksalongsidethesamecolleagueseachdayallfeelsvery2019.Withfewerpeoplecominginandmoreemphasisoncooperation,fewerdeskswillbe

44toindividuals.Instead,therewillbemoresharedareas,wherepeopleinateamcanworktogetherflexible.Morehot-desking(輪用辦公桌)willalsonecessitatestorageceforpersonal45:lockersmaysoonbebackinyourlife.To46gapsbetweenteams,onestrategyistosetasidemoreoftheofficetopresenttheworkofeachdepartment.Anotheroptionistoprovideeveryonewithdrink.Expectmorecetobesetasidefor47andevents.Barsinofficesareapparentlygoingtobeathing.RobinAviaofGensler,anarchitecturefirm,sayssheisseeinglotsof

48forplaces,likelargeauditoriums,whereacompany'sclientscanhave“experiences”.Designsforthepost-covidofficemustalsoallowforhybridwork.Meetingshavetoworkfor

49participantsaswellasforin-personcontributors;cameras,screensandmicrophoneswillmultiply.Gensler'sNewYorkofficesfeaturemini-meetingroomsthathaveamonitorandahalf-tablestickingoutfromthewallbelowit,withseatingfor4or5peoplearrangedtofacethe

50,noteachother.（2023上·上海·高三上海市育才中學校考階段練習）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．claimed

B．evacuate

C．fabrics

D．regular

E.significantly

F.sinkG.rainstorms

H.similar

I.initially

J.swallowing

K.thought“Itwasawaveofwater,”saysOulimataSambe.Shepointsoutthestill-sodden(濕透的)armchairs,muddywardrobeandthewaterstainametreandahalfupthewallinhersmallhouseinNgor,afishingvillagewithinDakar,thecapitalofSenegal.“Ihadtwograndkidsonmybed,Ihadto51themoutofthewindow,”sheadds.Notfaraway,underpassesonDakar’ssceniccorniche(濱海路)becamecar-52lakes.JustweeksearlieranotherdownpourhadturnedquietstreetsinDakarintoragingriversandcollapsedasectionofmotorway.53eventsregularlyoccuracrosstheregion.RecentfloodingandlandslidesalsokilledeightpeopleinFreetown,thecapitalofSierraLeone.InJunefloodingkilled12peopleinAbidjan,thecommercialcapitalofIvoryCoast.FloodsinLagos,Nigeria’scommercialcapital,54anothersevenlives.Evenwhentheyarenotdeadly,cityfloodsruinlivesandlivelihoods.Stormwaterrecentlyfloodedthebiggesttextile(紡織業)marketinKano,acityinnorthernNigeria,destroyinghundredsofthousandsofdollars’worthof55.Unusuallyheavyrainshavebecome56morecommonoverthepast30years,leavinghugenumbersofpeopleatrisk.Inplacesthisispartlybecauseofdeforestation.ArecentstudybyChristopherTayloroftheUKCentreforEcologyandHydrology,aresearchinstitute,andhiscoauthorsfoundthatafternoon57indeforestedpartsofcoastalwestAfricahappentwiceasoftencomparedwith30yearsago.Theirfrequencywentupbyonlyaboutathirdinplacesthatkepttheirforests.Yet58floodingofcitiesinwestAfricaisnotonlycausedbyheavierrain.Unplannedurbanizationisalsotoblame.Ascitieshavegrown,buildershavethrownupconcretewallswithlittle59aboutprovidingdrainage,makingitharderforwatertofindaclearpathtothesea.Aseverlargerareashavebeenpavedover,therehasbeenlessexposedsoilintowhichwatercangently60away.Andascitesgetmorepackedwithnewarrivals,theirfewfunctioningdrainsgetoverwhelmedorclogged.（2023上·上海·高三上海市進才中學校考階段練習）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．generation

B．multiple

C．automated

D．personalize

E.place

F.forwardsG.regularly

H.unprotected

I.respectively

J.identify.

K.insecureWhatcanyoudotoavoidTelecomsfraud(詐騙)?Telecomsfraudandothersecuritybreaches(安全漏洞)canbepreventedandminimizedbyimplementingafullend-to-endprocedure.Inaddition,it’simportantforyoutosecureyourdevicesandservicestostrengthenyoursecurityandavoidanyfraudulentactivityorthreats.Duetothe61natureoftheinternet,it’snotalwayspossibletoguaranteeprotectionagainstfraud.However,thereareavarietyofmethodsthatyoucanputin62withinyourphonesystem’ssecuritythatcanpreventthisfurther:SecurityThemostimportantactiontotakewhenprotectingyourphonesystemorPBX(PrivateBranchExchange)isinvestingingoodsecurityandpassword/accountmanagementsoftware.Youshouldbeusingpassword63andsavingsystems,aswellaschoosingpasswordswithcomplexcombinations.It’salsoimportantthatyoudon’tusethesamepasswordfor64accountsorsystems.Ifahackerfindsthispassword,theycanuseittogetintoandtakecontrolofallyoursystems,sorememberto65updateyourpasswordsandmakesurenotwopasswordsarethesame.Anotherwaytoprotectyoursystemswithpasswordsistopasswordprotectyourmobilephone.Ifyouleaveyourmobilephone66,it’sveryeasyforahackerorscammertogetinandsetupcallfeatures,like67andvoicemailsonthehandsets.CallingpatternanalysisCallpatternanalysishelps68patternsincalltrafficandmonitorsandpreventscallswhichgooverspecificlimits.Thiscanbebasedaroundcosts,callduration,volume,timeofdayandcalldestinations.Calltrafficcan’tbemonitoredallthetime;however,avastmajorityoffraudulenttrafficcanoccurduringholidaysandweekends,whencustomersandsuppliersarcawayfromtheofficeandtheirdevices.Anyspikes(高峰)intrafficshouldgenerate69alertstorelevantpartiesandthisactivitycanthenberestricted,andadditionalmeasurescanbeputintoplacetoprotectyouandyoursystems.CallbarringCallbaringletsyoubarorblockcertaintypesofcall,IPaddressesanddestinationsfrombeingmadetoorfromyourphone.Youcan70ourcallbarringsettingsforbothUKandinternationalnumbers.It’salsoagoodideatobarcallsfromcertainIPaddressesandonlyauthorizebusinessoremployeeIPaddressestomakecalls.（2023·上海浦東新·統考三模）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．alert

B．connected

C．correspond

D．dismiss

E.embarrassedF.invaluable

G.judgement

H.piloted

L.respectful

J.urge

K.wellbeingAreyoulistening?Butareyoureallylistening?You’dthinkwe’dbeverygoodatlistening,butdowedeeplylisten?Sometimeswequickly71another’sopinionifitdoesn’tfitneatlywithourown.TheBritishCouncilhaslaunchedaprojectCrossingDividesaimedtotrainyoungpeopletolistenandunderstandotherpeoplewithverydifferentperspectives.Practicingdeeplisteningmeanstuningintoempathy(同理心),resistingthe72tojudgepeoplewhoaredistinctfromoneself.Itdevelopsimportantskillsthatwillmakeanyoneabetterlistener:empathy,silenceandbecomingawareofour73.Theprojectwas74inLebanon,whereithelpedlocalpeoplefindcommongroundwitheachother,inasocietydividedbybitteryearsofconflict.Peopletakingpartintheprojectsaidtheyfeltthattheywerebeingheard,helpingthemtofeelrecognizedandunderstood,whichopenedcommunicationbetweencommunities.Alltheparticipantsgreatlyimprovedtheirlisteningskills,whichproved75intheirworkingandpersonallives.Theyhavealsohadachancetobelistenedtoandheard,whichresearchshowscanimprove76.Thisisbecauseweallfeelaccepted,valuedandmore77tootherswhenwesensethatwearebeingtrulylistenedto,andthepersonlisteningtousdoesn’thavetoagreewithusforthosebenefitstobeenjoyed.Theprojectisalsoanopportunityforparticipantstofeelthebenefitofsteppingoutsidetheirown“echochamber(回聲室)”.Echochambersarecreatedbyournaturaltendencytoseekoutpeopleandopinions,inpersonandonline,thatweagreewith,sowemainlyseeandhearinformationandopinionsthat78toourown.Notsurprisinglythisleadsustothinkourviewsaredefinitivelycorrect,sowebecome79orevenangrywhenweencounterperspectivesthatourworldviewsuggestsarcwrong,becausetheydon’tagreewithourownechochamber.So,trainingyoungpeoplewithdeeplisteningskillscanencouragemanymorepeopletotakepartinchallengingand80conversations.ScottMcDonald,theorganization’sCEOsaid:“Thedeeplisteningtraininggetstotheheartofwhatwedobyprovidingopportunitiesforpeopletostepoutoftheirechochambers,tocrossdivides,andbuildtrustandunderstanding.”（2023·上海·上海市建平中學校考三模）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．steadilyB．predictsC．biologyD．temporaryE.dramaticF.recoversG.permanentH.groundedI.expansionJ.formedK.kindlyTeensAreStillDevelopingEmpathySkillsTheteenyearsareoftenfullofdoor-slamming,eye-rollingandseeminginsensitivity,evenbykidswhobehaved81before.Someparentsworrythattheyaredoingsomethingwrongorthattheirchildrenwillneverthinkofanyonebutthemselves.Asix-yearstudypublishedinDevelopmentalPsychologyshowsthat82ispartlytoblame.Inadolescence,criticalsocialskillsthatareneededforonetofeelconcernforotherpeopleandtounderstandhowtheythinkareundergoingmajorchanges.Adolescencehaslongbeenknownasprimetimefordevelopingcognitiveskillsforself-regulationandexecutivefunction.“Cognitiveempathy,”orthementalabilitytotakeothers’perspective,beginstorise83ingirlsattheageof13,accordingtothestudyco-authoredbyJolienvanderGraaffatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands.Bycomparison,boysdonotbeginuntiltheageof15toshowincreasesinperspective-taking,whichhelpsinproblem-solvingandavoidingconflict.Adolescentboysactuallyshowa84decline,betweentheagesof13and16,inarelatedskill—“affectiveempathy,”ortheabilitytorecognizeandrespondtoothers’feelings.Thismaybetheresult,atleastinpart,ofa85riseintheprimarymalesexhormone,duringadolescence,whichrksadesirefordominanceandpower.Fortunately,theboys’sensitivity86intheirlateteens.Girls’affectiveempathyremainsrelativelyhighandstablethroughoutadolescence.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatwecandonothingbutjustwaitforteenagerstodevelopafeelingofempathy.Infact,parentscanhelpinstill(灌輸)affectiveempathyintotheirchildren.Affectiveempathyis87inmarginalregionofthebrain,whichregulatesemotions.Thiscapacitybeginstodevelopininfancy.Childrenlearntopracticeempathybywatchingtheirparentsandbyexperiencingitthemselves—beingwelltreatedbyadultswhosensitivelyrespondtotheiremotions.Whilecognitiveempathyarisesfromadifferentpartofthebrain,thetwoabilitiesarelinked.Children’saffectiveempathy88theirlevelofcognitiveempathyasteens.Thefindingsreflectamajor89inresearchers’understandingofcognitivegrowthduringadolescence.Theyusedtobelievethatbothformsofempathywerefully90inchildhood.Now,itisclearthat“thebrainregionsthatsupportsocialcognition,whichhelpsussuccessfullyunderstandandinteractwithothers,continuetochangedramatically”inourteens,saysJenniferPfeiferattheUniversityofOregon.Researchinherlabalsosuggeststhatcognitiveempathyrisesinteens.Thediscoveriesserveasanewlensforexploringsuchteenbehaviorasbullyinganddrugabuse.（2023·上海徐匯·統考二模）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．academicB．previouslyC．submitD．assessedE.classifierF.controversyG.subscribedH.detectI.typicallyJ.access

K.labelledOpenAIreleases“notfullyreliable”tooltodetectAIgeneratedcontentChatGPThasbeencreatingwavesacrosstheinternetwithitswritingabilityandresponsestorequests.TheuseofChatGPThasbeenfullof91.Therehavebeenconcernsthatstudentscanusethistoolto92AI-generatedworkandclaimitastheirown.OpenAI,theresearchlaboratorybehindChatGPT,hasreleasedatooldesignedto93whethertexthasbeenwrittenbyartificialintelligence,butwarnsit’snotcompletelyreliable–yet.InablogpostonTuesday,OpenAIlinkedtoanew94toolthathasbeentrainedtodistinguishbetweentextwrittenbyahumanandthatwrittenbyavarietyofAI,notjustChatGPT.ThetoolcouldbeusefulincaseswhereAIwasusedfor“95dishonesty”andwhenAIchatbotswerepositionedashumans,theysaid.Buttheyadmittedthetool“isnotfullyreliable”andonlycorrectlyidentified26%ofAI-writtenEnglishtexts.Italsoincorrectly96human-writtentextsasprobablywrittenbyAItools9%ofthetime.“Ourclassifier’sreliability97improvesasthelengthoftheinputtextincreases.Comparedtoour98releasedclassifier,thisnewclassifierissignificantlymorereliableontextfrommorerecentAIsystems.”SinceChatGPTwasopeneduptopublic99,ithasgivenrisetoawaveofconcernamongeducationalinstitutionsacrosstheworldthatitcouldleadtocheatinginexamsorassessments.LecturersintheUKarebeingurgedtoreviewthewayinwhichtheircourseswere100,whilesomeuniversitieshavebannedthetechnologyentirelyandreturnedtopen-and-paperexamstostopstudentsusingAI.答案：1．G2．H3．J4．F5．A6．C7．D8．E9．I10．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了隨著中國建立全國信用數據庫，個人信用評級正成為日常生活中必不可少的“通行證”。信用報告估計個人、公司甚至國家的信用狀況。它是由信貸局對借款人的整體信用歷史和他或她的償債能力進行的評估。1．考查形容詞。句意：否則，它將成為他們的個人信用報告中的負面記錄，這在人們的日常生活中起著越來越大的作用。根據“Ifyourparentstakeoutaloan,remindthemtomakethepaymentsontime.(如果你的父母貸款，提醒他們按時還款)”以及句意“負面”可知應填形容詞negative，修飾名詞record。故選G。2．考查副詞。句意：否則，它將成為他們的個人信用報告中的負面記錄，這在人們的日常生活中起著越來越大的作用。根據“bigroleinpeople’sdailylives”以及句意“越來越”可知應填副詞increasingly，修飾形容詞big。故選H。3．考查動詞。句意：《重慶晨報》6月份的一篇報道強調了這一趨勢。根據“thistrend”以及句意“強調”可知應填動詞underline，作謂語，為一般現在時，主語是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞用單數形式。故選J。4．考查動詞。句意：據報道，一名重慶學生從銀行借錢來資助他的大學學業。根據“aChongqingstudentborrowedmoneyfromthebankto”以及句意“資助”可知應填動詞finance，為不定式作目的狀語。故選F。5．考查名詞。句意：但幾家銀行拒絕了他的貸款申請。根據“Later,hewantedtobuyahouseusingloans.(后來，他想用貸款買房)”以及句意“申請”可知應填名詞application，作賓語。故選A。6．考查形容詞。句意：隨著中國建立全國信用數據庫，個人信用評級正成為日常生活中必不可少的“通行證”。根據““pass”ineverydaylife”以及句意“必不可少的”可知應填形容詞essential，作定語修飾pass。故選C。7．考查動詞。句意：信用報告估計個人、公司甚至國家的信用狀況。根據“thecreditworthinessofanindividual,acompany,orevenacountry”以及句意“估計”可知應填動詞estimate，為一般現在時，主語是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞用單數形式，故選D。8．考查名詞。句意：它是由信貸局對借款人的整體信用歷史和他或她的償債能力進行的評估。根據“madebycreditbureausofaborrower’soverallcredithistoryandhisorherabilitytorepaydebt”以及句意“評估”可知應填名詞evaluation，作表語，冠詞提示用單數。故選E。9．考查名詞。句意：信用評級差意味著貸款違約的風險很高，從而導致貸款人拒絕貸款。根據“Apoorcreditratingmeansahighriskofdefaultingonaloan”以及句意“拒絕”可知應填名詞refusal，作賓語，不可數。故選I。10．考查名詞。句意：在今天的中國，銀行的信用歷史是信用報告的主要內容。根據“TodayinChina,credithistoryinbanksisthemajor”以及句意“內容”可知應填名詞content，故選B。11．B12．D13．E14．A15．K16．G17．C18．J19．I20．F【導語】這是一篇新聞報道，周三，莎士比亞的《第一對開本》罕見副本以近1000萬美元的價格售出，成為有史以來拍賣會上最貴的文學作品。文章主要介紹了這部作品集。11．考查副詞。句意：它包含了18部以前從未出版過的作品，如果沒有這個作品集，這些作品就會被歷史遺忘，包括《麥克白》和《第十二夜》。根據“18worksthathadnot”結合句意“以前”可知，副詞formerly符合題意，意為“以前”作狀語修飾appeared。故選B。12．考查動詞。句意：1623年，演員JohnHeminge和HenryCondell出版了這本書，他們是這位英國劇作家的朋友，這本書的正式名稱是《喜劇、歷史和悲劇》，基于這對搭檔用來對戲劇進行分類的三種類型。空前的to是不定式符號，所以空處填動詞原形，結合句意可知，動詞categorize“將……分類”符合題意。故選D。13．考查名詞。句意：周三售出的版本是自2001年有人出價610萬美元以來，首次出現在拍賣會上的完整副本。分析句子可知，空處應填名詞作主語，結合句意及“thefirstcompletecopy”可知，version“版本”符合題意。故選E。14．考查名詞。句意：在三位電話買家進行了六分鐘的競價后，這本書被書商兼古董商StephanLoewentheil以998萬美元的價格買走。根據“bat