必修二Unit1

Culturalrelics1必備知識·盤點夯基2核心素養·精講層練3高效演練·素能提升1必備知識·盤點夯基Ⅰ．單詞立體巧記寫準記牢核心單詞1．________n.設計；圖案；構思vt.設計；計劃；構思2．_______n.風格；風度；類型3．________n.藝術家4．_______n.懷疑；疑惑vt.懷疑；不信5．_______prep.值得的；相當于……的價值n.價值；作用adj.[古]值錢的6．_______adj.本地的；當地的

design

style

artist

doubt

worth

local

寫準記牢核心單詞7．__________n.入口8．________n.&vi.爭論；辯論9．________vt.挑選；選擇10．________vt.移動；搬開11．______vt.下沉；沉下12．_________vi.爆炸13．________adj.以前的；從前的14．________vi.屬于；為……的一員

entrance

debate

select

remove

sink

explode

former

belong

語境運用1．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbe_______(值得的)theeffort.2．Somefirefightersputoutthefirebeforethecar__________.(爆炸)3．Whetherpollutionisdirectlylinkedtothediseaseisunder________(爭論；辯論).4．(2019·天津卷改編)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially__________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.

worth

exploded

debate

designed

語境運用5．Thecity_____________(select)astheplaceforanimportantmeetingin2019becauseofitsbeautifulcoastalscenery.6．Thepassengersbecameveryfrightenedafterrealizingtheshipwas_________(sink).7．Manyofthe_________(artist)intheshowdonatedtheirfeetocharity.8．Thereweresomanypeopleatthe__________(enter)totheparkwaitingtobuytickets.

wasselected

sinking

artists

entrance

寫準記牢拓展單詞1．__________adj.貴重的；有價值的→_______n.&vt.價值；重視→____________adj.極有用的；極寶貴的；無價的2．_________vi.幸免；幸存；生還→__________n.幸存→__________n.幸存者

valuable

value

invaluable

survive

survival

survivor

寫準記牢拓展單詞3．_______vt.使吃驚；驚訝→_________adj.令人吃驚的→________adj.吃驚的→___________n.驚奇4．__________v.裝飾；裝修→____________n.裝飾amaze

amazing

amazed

amazement

decorate

decoration

寫準記牢拓展單詞5．________adj.木制的→______n.木；木材6．__________n.根據；證據→_________adj.明顯的；明白的wooden

wood

evidence

evident

語境運用1．Itwas_________thatallthe__________wecollectedprovedhimtobeguilty.(evident)2．Luckily,I__________theterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonly__________oftheaccident.(survive)3．Tomy___________，the_________news________thefamilyandtheirneighborsarealso________.(amaze)

evident

evidence

survived

survivor

amazement

amazing

amazes

amazed

語境運用4．Alltheexperts________youradvice;inotherwords,theythoughtyouradvicewas__________.(valuable)5．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Orangetreesmakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

valued

valuable

decorated

聯想積累：1．以-al結尾的名詞集錦①survive→survival幸存②arrive→arrival到達③refuse→refusal拒絕④remove→removal除去；搬遷⑤withdraw→withdrawal撤退3．“爭論”相關詞一覽①debatev.&n.辯論；爭論②arguev.爭論③discussv.討論④quarrelv.&n.爭吵⑤disputev.&n.爭論；爭端Ⅱ．短語語境助記寫準記牢1．____________尋找2．__________屬于3．__________作為報答；回報4．_______處于交戰狀態5．__________少于

insearchof

belongto

inreturn

atwar

lessthan

寫準記牢6．___________拆開7．_______________尊重；器重；高度評價8．__________調查9．_________充當；起作用10．____________而不是；與其……倒不如

takeapart

thinkhighlyof

lookinto

serveas

ratherthan

語境運用1．Recently,scientistshavebeen____________acureforthiskindofstrangedisease.2．Youngchildrenarealwayscuriousabouthowthingswork.Theyoften___________toystoseewhatmakesthemwork.3．AtthattimeGermanywas_______withnearlyalltheEuropeancountries.

insearchof

takeapart

atwar

語境運用4．Iguessyourbossmust_______________youashegivesyousomuchresponsibility.5．Lastbutnotleast,itistheinnerbeauty____________ourappearancethatmakesusrespectable.6．Thisisasmallhouse__________30squaremeters,butalargefamilyofthreegenerationslivesinit.

thinkhighlyof

ratherthan

lessthan

Ⅲ．句式運用速記背會原句知曉考點我會仿用1．FrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國王腓特烈·威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。cannever/can’thavedone不可能做過。1．我以前也經常吃中餐，但從沒有想到真正的中式宴席會那么豐盛。IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butI_______________________howfabulousarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.couldn’t

haveimagined

背會原句知曉考點我會仿用2．ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg.毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡。Thereisnodoubtthat…是固定句式，意為“毫無疑問……”。2．(2019·北京卷書面表達)毫無疑問，用自己的雙手勞動而不是依靠別人是非常有意義的。________________thatitisverymeaningfultoworkwithourownhandsratherthandependonothers.Thereisnodoubt

背會原句知曉考點我會仿用3．Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可信，哪些證人不可信。“疑問詞＋todosth.”，在句中作賓語。該結構也可以作主語或表語。3．(課標全國卷Ⅱ)第一株植物的損壞通常更嚴重，但相對而言，鄰居更安全，因為它們聽到了警報，知道該怎么辦。Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknew__________.

whattodo

背會原句知曉考點我會仿用4．NordoIthinktheyshouldgiveittoanygovernment.我也認為他們不應該把它交給任何一個政府。“nor/neither＋be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞＋主語”，表示前句中的否定情況也適用于另一人或物。4．(北京閱讀)對于機器來說，這個特性不是與生俱來的，它也不是人類引進的東西。Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,_________somethingintroducedbyhumans.norisit

2核心素養·精講層練survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]殘存物1．survivevt.&vi.幸免；幸存；生還；比……活得長survivesth.幸免于……；從……中挺過來survivethewar/anearthquake從戰爭/地震中幸存survivesb.by…比某人活得長……surviveon…靠……生存survivefrom…從……存活下來；流傳下來夯基—單句語法填空。①(牛津高階)Hisonlychanceof__________(survive)wasahearttransport.②Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewereno___________(survive).③(2019·浙江卷)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirely____discarded(丟棄)food.survival

survivors

on

夯基—單句改錯。④Thedrugcanhelppeoplesurvivefromheartattacks.__________提能—句式升級。⑤(2020·浙江卷寫作)Aftershehadsurvivedthatnight,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→_________________________，shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(分詞作狀語)去掉from

Havingsurvivedthatnight

designern.設計師；構思者(1)designsth.forsb.為某人設計……bedesignedforsth./sb.為……而設計bedesignedtodosth.目的在于，為了(2)bydesign(＝onpurpose)故意地2．designn.&vt.設計；圖案；構思；計劃表示“故意與偶然”的詞語小結：(1)故意地：bydesign

onpurpose

deliberately(2)偶然地：bychance

byaccident

accidentally夯基—單句語法填空。①(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)“Themostfamous___________(design)areChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers，”shesays.②(2019·天津卷)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially__________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.designers

designed

③It’ssaidthattheearlyEuropeanplayingcardsweredesigned_____entertainmentandeducation.④Doyouthinkthebuildingwasburntdownbyaccidentor____design?for

by

提能—一句多譯。設計這個項目本來是要幫助那些困難的學生，結果卻和計劃的不一樣。⑤Thisproject______________________________inneed.Butitjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.⑥Thisproject___________________________inneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(過去分詞作定語)⑦Thisproject________________________________________inneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(定語從句)wasdesignedtohelpthestudents

designedtohelpthestudents

that/whichwasdesignedtohelpthestudents

3．removevt.去掉；開除；脫掉；移動；搬開vi.

遷居；搬家remove…from…把……從……搬走removefrom…to…從……搬到……removesb.from…把某人從……職位免職removeone’sdoubt/trouble消除某人的疑慮/煩惱remove著重于離開或脫離原來的位置、處所、職位、職業等，多是有意識地移動。remove作“搬家”講時無被動語態move主要指改變位置或姿勢。用于搬家時，move比remove常用對比記憶remove與move夯基—寫出下列句中remove的含義。①(天津卷)Ifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.______②Heremovedhisjacketwhenhearrivedhome.______拿走

脫掉

③Hewasseverelycriticizedandremovedfromhispost.______④Theagreementremovesthelastseriousobstacletothesigningofthetreaty.______⑤CongresscouldremovethePresidentfromoffice.__________________撤職

消除

把……撤職；免去

removedfrom

removedherglasses

removedalldoubts

(1)be(well)worthdoing……(非常)值得被做beworth＋n.值得……；值……4．worthadj.值得的；相當于……的價值

n.價值；作用adj.[古]值錢的worth一般只作表語，可用程度副詞well修飾；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表語又可作定語。夯基—單句語法填空。①(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Itisworth____________(mention)thatourvolleyballteamwonthechampionshiptwiceinnationalmiddleschoolvolleyballmatches.②(浙江卷寫作)It’sworthwhile________________(read)literarybooksbecausetheycanhelpustoknowmoreaboutthesocietyandlife.mentioning

reading/toread

夯基—單句改錯。③IthinkMountTaiisatruenaturalwonderandveryworthavisit.____________④He’sdecidedtogetalookatthehouseandseeifitmightbeworthbought.________________very→well

bought→buying

提能—一句多譯。(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)我認為，Growing

Together這部英文短片很值得觀看。⑤Personallyspeaking,theshortEnglishfilm—Growing

Togetheriswellworth__________.⑥AsfarasI’mconcerned,theshortEnglishfilm—Growing

Togetheriswellworthy_____________.watching

tobewatched

⑦Inmyopinion/view,theshortEnglishfilm—Growing

Togetheriswellworthy________________.⑧Frommypointofview,itiswellworthwhile__________________theshortEnglishfilm—Growing

Together.ofbeingwatched

watching/towatch

5．insearchof為了搜尋；尋找(1)inone’ssearchfor尋找(2)searchsth./sb.搜查某物/搜身searchfor＝lookfor尋找search…for…為找到……而搜查……“in＋n.＋of”結構：inmemoryof為了紀念infavorof支持；贊同inhonourof為了紀念；為向……表示敬意inviewof鑒于；由于intermsof談及；就……而言；在……方面incaseof以防；萬一inneedof需要inplaceof代替；取代夯基—searchfor,insearchof,search對比填空。①Twentysoldiersweresenttothemountain____________thetrappedclimber.②I__________theroomforthelostkey,butinvain.③IalmostfeltcrazywhenIrealizedthatmypenwasmissing.I__________theplaygroundcarefullyandeventheroadleadingtomyhome.insearchof

searched

searched

insearchofjobs

tosearchforjobs

6．belongto屬于；為……的一員(1)belongto表示“是……的財產；是……的組成部分；是……的成員(屬于)”，不用于被動語態和進行時態。作后置定語時，常用現在分詞，有類似用法的短語還包括：datebackto/datefrom(追溯到),consistof(由……組成)等。(2)belongingsn.財產；所有物；相關事物夯基—單句語法填空。①(2019·浙江卷)Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelong____aparticulargroup.②Havingsoldmostofhis____________(belong),healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.③Hewalksinandoutasifthehousebelongedto_____(he).④Inmyopinion,you’dbetterputthebook_______itbelongs.to

belongings

him

where

提能—句型轉換。⑤Atigerisalargefierceanimalwhich/thatbelongstothecatfamily.→Atigerisalargefierceanimal_____________thecatfamily.belongingto

7．inreturn作為回報inreturnfor…作為對……的回報return…for…以……回報……returnlikeforlike以牙還牙inturn逐次；反過來byturns輪流；交替“in＋n.”短語：incase以防；萬一

inadvance事先；提前instore即將發生

indanger處于危險中inorder井井有條

inplace在正確位置insight/view看得見

inreality/fact事實上inall總共

inshort/brief簡言之invain徒勞地

inparticular特別地夯基—用return/turn的相關短語填空。①Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthisin______affectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.②Itisourresponsibilitytotakecareofoursickmother_________.③IwishIcoulddosomething_____________thekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.turn

byturns

inreturnfor

提能—單句寫作。④(2017·天津卷)Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.______________________________________.我們給我們的學生提供優質的教育，作為回報，我們期待學生能努力學習。Inreturn，weexpectstudentstoworkhard

本句中的Thereisnodoubtthat…為一固定句型，意為“毫無疑問……”，that引導同位語從句，說明doubt的具體內容。8．ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg.毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡。(1)Thereissomedoubtwhether…有……疑問sb.has/havenodoubtthat…毫無疑問……(2)Idon’t/neverdoubtthat…我確信……Idoubtwhether/if…我懷疑……當doubt用于肯定句時，從句用whether或if引導；當doubt用于否定句或疑問句時，從句用that引導。that

that

whether/if

whether

提能—一句多譯。(全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)毫無疑問，剪紙是中國的傳統文化之一。④____________________paper-cuttingisoneofChinesetraditionalcultures.(doubtn.)⑤_________________paper-cuttingisoneofChinesetraditionalcultures.(doubtv.)Thereisnodoubtthat

Ineverdoubtthat

提能—完成句子。⑥__________________________________(油漆這所房子沒有意義),asitistobepulleddowninthreemonths’time.⑦__________________________________(我沒必要買新車)；myoldoneisstillingoodcondition.Thereisnopointinpaintingthehouse

Thereisnoneedformetobuyanewcar

whicheyewitnessestobelieve和whichnottobelieve為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構，在句中作賓語。whether,what,which,whom,who，where,when,how等加不定式構成的結構在句中起名詞作用，可以作主語、表語和賓語。9．Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可信，哪些證人不可信。“疑問句＋不定式”結構可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。(1)在“疑問句＋不定式”結構中，不定式必須用主動式而不能用被動式。(2)whether后可接不定式，而if不可。疑問代詞(who，which除外)后面須跟及物動詞；若是不及物動詞，后面須跟相應的介詞。疑問副詞后可以接不及物動詞；若接及物動詞，動詞不定式須有自己的賓語。夯基—單句語法填空。①Seeingsuchacrowdofaaudiencebelowthestage,hewastoonervoustoknowwhat_______(say).②Ireallydon’tknow_________toacceptherinvitationornot.tosay

whether

提能—單句寫作。③(2018·天津卷書面表達)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgiveussomeadviceon_______________________.如果你能給我們一些關于如何改進我們的機器人的建議，我會很感激的。④______________________________remainstobediscussedfurther.何時何地舉行會議有待進一步討論。howtoimproveourrobots

Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting

⑤Theyalwaystoldme______________________.他們總是告訴我該做什么以及怎么做。⑥WiththeTeachers’Dayapproaching,we’vedecided___________________________.隨著教師節的臨近，我們已經決定要裝飾哪些教室了。whattodoandhowtodoit

whichclassrooms

todecorate

3高效演練·素能提升Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Whenfatandsalt____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析：考查時態、語態和主謂一致。根據后文的tastes可知，用一般現在時態；由于主語fatandsalt是復數概念，且與remove是被動關系，所以填一般現在時的被動語態areremoved。areremoved

2．—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.Itisworth_________(read)asecondtime.解析：考查固定句型。句意：——你認為這本書如何？——喔，不錯！值得再看一遍。beworthdoing結構中doing主動形式與主語之間表示被動含義，即“值得做某事”。故填reading。reading

3．Youmaynotunderstandwhattheyhavedone,becausetheybelong____ayoungergeneration.解析：考查固定短語。句意：你們可能不理解他們所做的，因為他們屬于年輕一代。belongto“屬于”，沒有進行時，也沒有被動語態。故填to。to

4．—Doyouneedanyhelp,Lucy?—Yes.Thejobismore______Icoulddomyself.解析：考查固定短語。答句句意：是的，這項工作我自己做不了。morethan“超出；勝過”。故填than。than

5．Visitorsareoftenvery________(amaze)tohearaboutthe_________(amaze)lovestoryinLijiang.解析：考查形容詞詞義。第一空用amazed(驚異的，驚奇的)來描述人(visitors)；第二空用amazing(令人吃驚的)來描述物(lovestory)。故填amazed；amazing。amazed

amazing

6．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀)Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated______houseplants.解析：考查介詞。句意：在另一項(研究)中，當員工的工作場所被室內植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。bedecoratedwith…“用……裝飾”。故填with。with

seated

8．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀表達)Iwassearching_____thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.解析：考查固定短語。句意：我在尋找這三只我觀察過的西部低地大猩猩。searchfor“尋找”。故填for。for

9．VitaminDhelpsourbodiesmakeaspecialchemical,andthisspecialchemical,____turn,affectsourbrains，makingusfeelhappy.解析：考查介詞短語。句意：維生素D幫助我們的身體形成一種特殊的化學物質，并且這種化學物質反過來影響我們的大腦，使我們感到高興。inturn“相應地，轉而”。故填in。in

10．(全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Thereisnodoubt______youaresupposedtoknowaboutthehistoryofTangDynastyinadvance.解析：考查固定句型。Thereisnodoubtthat…“毫無疑問……”。故填that。that

11．Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything____return.解析：考查介詞短語。句意：在村子里待的那段時間，詹姆斯無私地同村民分享他所擁有的一切，而不要任何東西作為回報。inreturn“作為回報”。故填in。in

12．AsJohnLennononcesaid，lifeis______happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.解析：考查表語從句的連接詞。句意：正如約翰·列儂曾經說過的那樣，當我們正在為生活疲于奔波時，生活已離我們遠去。________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans為一個表語從句，從句中缺少主語，故用引導詞what，表示“所……的事物”。what

13．Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,_______isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.解析：考查定語從句。句意：我們又發射了一顆人造衛星，這是今天的報紙發布的。逗號前的句子是主句，作了逗號后句子的主句，故逗號后句子是非限制性定語從句。用which來引導，指代整個主句內容。which

14．Rodlovestaking_______clocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.解析：考查固定短語。句意：羅德喜歡拆鐘表，然而他從來不能把它們再組裝起來。takeapart“拆開，分開”。故填apart。apart

15．______makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.解析：考查名詞性從句的引導詞。句意：使這本書與眾不同的是作者的有創造性的想象力。分析結構可知，________makesthebooksoextraordinary為主語從句，從句缺少主語，要用what引導。故填連接代詞what。What

Ⅱ．單句改錯1．Knowingthathiswifesurvivedfromthecrash,hewasgreatlyrelieved!__________2．Thereisconvincingevidencewhichoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus._____________3．Theleaderwasstillremainedactiveaftertherepublicwasfounded._______________去掉from

which→that

去掉第一個was

4．Thesinger，whosefuturewasconsideredhopeful，israreseeninpublicnowadays.______________5．Theteacherwasamazingtofindthatalazystudenthadgainedamarkof100inanimportanttest._________________6．Thewoodenhousebelongingtomineisbeingdecoratednow.__________rare→rarely

amazing→amazed

mine→me

Ⅲ．單句寫作1．他在會議上提出的建議值得考慮。(worth)__________________________________________________________________________2．為了找到更多的證據，警察正在搜索這房子。(search)________________________________________________3．我們知道不可能是他付了這筆錢，因為他沒錢。(couldn’thavedone)_______________________________________________________Hissuggestionputforwardattheconferenceisworthconsidering/consideration.

Thepolicearesearchingthehouseformoreevidence.

Weknewhecouldn’thavepaidforit，becausehehadnomoney.

4．毫無疑問，我與外國人交流幾乎沒有什么困難。(doubtn.)__________________________________________________________________________5．決定去哪里度假后，我們就忙于準備工作。(特殊疑問詞＋不定式)_______________________________________________________Ⅳ．語篇填空TheAmberRoombelongedtooneofthe1.___________(wonder)oftheworld.Originally2._____________(design)forthepalaceofFrederickI,ittookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstofinishit.Everyonethought3.___________(high)ofitsstyleanddesign,Severaltonsofamberaswellasgoldandjewels4._____________(use)tomakeit,sonowonderitwasworthalotofmoney.Butlater,thenextkingdecidedtogiveitasagifttotheRussianEmperor,whogavePrussiaatroopoftheirbestsoldiers5._______return.wonders

designed

highly

wereused

in

6._________________(fortunate),duringtheSecondWorldWar,theNaziGermanywasalsoatwarwithRussia.In1941,Germanyinvaded(入侵)Russiabysurprise,andtheRussianshadnotime7._____________(remove)anythingfromtheAmberRoomexceptsomesmallobjects.WhentheNazissawtheAmberRoom,therewasnodoubt8._________theylikeditsomuchthattheytookitapartandputitonatraintoGermany.Sincethen,thewholeworld9.___________(be)insearchoftheAmberRoom.Nooneknowswhathappenedtoitand10._____________itstillsurvivesnow.Maybeitwillremainamysteryforever.Unfortunately

toremove

that

hasbeen

whether/if

補充要點句(加黑體部分請利用本單元所學詞匯)①很顯然，中國曾經有很多傳統文化，只有少數流傳至今。_________________thereexistedmanytraditionalChinesecultures，butfewofthem____________________________.②中國在竭盡全力保護傳統文化，這受到了高度評價。(定語從句)Chinaissparingnoeffortstoprotecttraditionalculture，________________________.Itisevidentthat

havesurvivedintothepresent

whichishighlythoughtof

③毫無疑問，保護傳統文化對中國文化的多樣性至關重要。____________________theprotectionoftraditionalcul