簡單句的五種根本結構英語句子的根本結構可以歸納成五種根本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種根本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的根底。英語五種根本句型結構如下：vi.vi.vt.link.v.賓語賓語〔間〕賓語〔直〕賓語賓語補足語表語①⑤②④③主語謂語用符號表示為：①ＳＶ〔主＋謂〕②ＳＶＯ〔主＋謂＋賓〕③ＳＶｏＯ〔主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓〕④ＳＶＯＣ〔主＋謂＋賓＋賓補〕⑤ＳＶＰ〔主＋系＋表〕

主語〔subject〕謂語〔predicate〕賓語〔object〕定語〔attribute〕狀語(adverbial)補語〔complement〕

表語〔predicative〕根本句型一：ＳＶ〔主＋謂〕這類句子的謂語動詞都是不及物動詞，都不帶賓語，但可以帶狀語，常見的不及物動詞有：act,come,go,work,last,fall,cry,disappear,appear,smile,rise,ring,live,look,listen,laugh,hurry,talk,sleep,graduate,die,care,agree,jump,fail,wait,succeed,stay,sit,lie,shine,happen,takeplace,rain,snow,ect.如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We'veworkedfor5hours.(ＳＶ)Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)分析以下句子成分，并在后面括號內標明屬于五種根本句型中的哪一種Darkcloudshungoverhead.()Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()Heissmilingalloverhisface.()IdidwellinEnglish.()Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()根本句型二：ＳＶＰ〔主＋系＋表〕系動詞主要是be.但還有一些動詞有些時候也可作系動詞，有人稱之為半系動詞。如何區分系動詞有些動詞既可作連系動詞，又可以作實義動詞。如何來區分呢？有一個最簡便的方法，即用連系動詞be替換句子中的這些動詞，句子仍然成立就是連系動詞；反之，不能替換的，就是行為動詞。如：Shelooksbeautiful.(looks變為is之后，她是美麗的，句意沒有大的變化，looks是系動詞)。

Lookatthepicture.(look不能換為be,look為實義動詞。)Hefeltthebookwithhisrighthand.(feel是“摸〞的意思，不能換為was,是實義動詞)。

Thesilkfeelssoft.(這種絲綢摸起來很柔軟，feels換為is之后，句意變化不大，因此是系動詞。)區分以下粗體動詞是系動詞還是實義動詞Thedoorstaysopenatnight.Hetastedthefood,andthefoodtasteddelicious.Thebookstillliesopenonthedesk.Whathesaidprovedtrue..Hecan’tprovedhistheory(理論).常見的系動詞狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Hekeptsilentatthemeeting.他開會時保持沉默。Thismatterremainsamystery.此事仍是一個謎。Thefoodstaysfreshinthefridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。Thehousestoodemptyforyears.房子空了數年。Heliesawakeinbed.他躺在床上，醒著。表“像〞系動詞用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Somethingseemswrong.好似出差了。Heappearsyoung.他看起來很年輕。感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有look看起來，feel摸起來,smell聞起來,sound聽起來,taste嘗起來：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布手感很軟。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來很香。變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他瘋了。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她沒多長時間就富了。Hefellillyesterday.他昨天病了。Eggsgobadeasilyinspring.雞蛋夏天容易變壞。Hisfacewentred.他的臉變紅了。Whathehaddreamtofcametrue.他的夢想實現了。Stillwatersrundeep.靜水流深。終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"證實"，"變成"之意，例如：Therumorprovedfalse.這謠言證實有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的方案終于成功了?！瞭urnout表終止性結果〕Whathepredictedturnedout(tobe)wrong.他預言的結果是錯的。用下劃線劃出以下句中的系動詞。Hisadviceprovedright.Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.Themachinewentwrong.Alltheseeffortsseeminvain.Thesewordssoundreasonable.Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.Hefellillyesterday.Treesturngreeninspring.Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.系動詞不能單獨作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語Heisastudent.(ＳＶＰ)Yourideasoundsgreat.(ＳＶＰ)在一個英語單句中，一般情況要有謂語動詞。要注意：介詞短語和形容詞不能單獨做謂語，要和系動詞一起做謂語。改錯：①Ourschoolverybeautifulandwelikeitverymuch.②Yourbookonthedesk.不要忘了使用系動詞那食物很可口，我吃了很多?！瞭hefood,delicious〕

那個電影好極了?！瞭hemovie,fantastic〕

不過呢，一些人反對這個方案。〔however,against,theplan〕

他們的意見如下?！瞭heiropinion,asfollows〕

就我而言，我贊成這個主意?！瞐sfarasI’mconcerned,infavorof〕

他讓我們看了一張世界地圖?！瞫how〕

請把熊貓的照片寄給我一張?！瞫end,aphotoofthepanda〕

根本句型三：ＳＶＯ〔主＋謂＋賓〕此結構是由“主語+及物動詞〔詞組〕+賓語〞構成。賓語可以是名詞、代詞、數詞，動名詞、動詞不定式或詞組、the+形容詞、分詞以及從句等。如，ShelikesEnglish.Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmyesterday.用下劃線劃出以下句中的賓語。PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Hejustwantedtostayathome.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.根本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ〔主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓〕有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序為：動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：Hegavemeacupoftea.(ＳＶｏＯ)強調間接賓語順序為：動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.假設直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞+代詞直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如：Bringittome,please.(不能說Bringmeit,please。)常跟雙賓語的及物動詞有：〔需借助to的〕allow,bring,deny,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,sell,send,show,teach,tell，wish,write等〔需借助for的〕buy,choose,fetch,get,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，save,sing,spare等『一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個就行：get,buy,make』HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.SheboughtJohnabook．=SheboughtabookforJohn.分析以下句子成分，口頭說出間接賓語和直接賓語。1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.4.Hedenieshernothing.5.Ishowedhimmypictures.6.Igavemycarawash.7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.用活雙賓語句式〔P錯誤！未找到引用源。〕IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.×IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.√〔并列句〕AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.√〔含有原因狀語從句的復合句〕IlikeEnglish;myEnglishisgood.√〔用分號〕IlikingEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.√(把一個分句改為獨立主格結構)Ihaveahouse,itswindowsareverybig.×Ihaveahouseanditswindowsareverybig.√〔并列句〕Ihaveahouse,whosewindowsareverybig.√〔含有定語從句的復合句〕Ihaveahouse;itswindowsarebig.√〔用分號〕Ihaveahouse,itswindowsverybig.√(后面為獨立主格結構)利用英語句子結構規律做以下各題：Fivepeoplewonthe"China'sgreenfigure〞award,atitle__toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.

A.isgivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.givenAllthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwe'rereadytostart.

A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted【2006遼寧】Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_____Chineseintheschool,most

_____werefromGermany.

A.study;ofwhom

B.study;ofthem

C.studying;ofthem

D.studying;of

whom

Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,____withsmiles.

A.theirfacesareshiningB.whosefacesshiningC.theirfacesshiningManystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.

A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestandingIhavefivefriends,someof____arebusinessmen.

A.thatB.whomC.theyD.themIhavefivefriends,butnoneof___arebusinessmen.

A.thatB.whomC.theyD.them第二局部專題過關測試改正以下句子的改錯。Doexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.Thatwhathesaidisn’ttrue.Hecamelatemadehisteacherangry.Onthedeskistwobooks.Gotoakeycollegeismydream.用劃出以下句中的后置定語，并指出是什么詞性或結構充當的Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsthepenboughtbyhismother.Therearefiveboysleft.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Theshopclosesttomyhouseisaboutonekilometeraway.Heisnotamaneasytodealwith.Atyphoonsweptacrosstheareawithheavyrainsandwindsasstrongas113milesperhour.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.Thereisonlyoneprogramworthwatchingtoday.用雙橫線分別劃出下句中的間接賓語和直接賓語。IwillbringyouthebookwhenIcomenexttime.Heaskedtherulerwhyonlythefourrichmenblewtrumpets.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.Sheshowedusmanyofherpictures.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistor