備戰2022高考英語閱讀理解熱點話題+體裁分類訓練(高考模擬+名校真題)專題44疾病Passage1（2022·廣東汕頭·一模）WhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.Itwasnotuntillastyear,aftersheparticipatedinarealityshowandbecamearestaurantserver,thathersituationbegantoimprovedramatically.TherestaurantinShanghaiwheresheworksistheForgetMeNotCafe.ItsharesthegoalofprovidingjobopportunitiesforelderlypeoplewhohaveAlzheimer’sdiseaseorothercognitiveimpairments.“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu,”saidZhu,whohascometotherestaurantthreetimesaweeksinceFebruaryandworksthreehoursaday.“Thecolleaguestakegoodcareofus.Theneverallowustodeliverhotdishessuchassoups.Theguestsarealsoverytolerantofus,becausesometimeswemakemistakes.”Becauseofmemoryloss,Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshewantstorememberonstickynotes,suchasthenamesofthevolunteersandteacheraswellasEnglishwords.“Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentactuallyrefuseandfeartocommunicatewithsocietybutthiswillworsentheircondition.”Sheadded,“Withthedeterioration(退化)ofbrainfunction,theymaygraduallylosememoryandtheabilitytotakecareofthemselvesandmightevenseethelossofemotions.”Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.AsChinafacesanagingpopulation,theincreasingnumberofseniorswithcognitiveimpairmenthasbecomeasignificantsocialissue.“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.Theneighborhoodcommitteealwayschecksonoursituationandwatchesforotherelderlypeoplewithsymptoms.”Zhusaid.1．WhatcanweknowaboutZhuCaiping?A．Shealwaysmademistakesatwork.B．Shemadeeffortstobeequaltothejob.C．Shewasafull-timerestaurantserverinaShanghaicafé.D．Shewasoneofthosesufferingfromseverecognitiveimpairment.2．Howmightpeoplewithcognitiveimpairmentfeel?A．Forgetfulandupset. B．Anxiousbutlucky.C．Tolerantandcareful. D．Indifferentbutenergetic.3．Whyisinformationaboutcognitiveimpairmentpostedoutsidetherestaurant?A．Toprovidetreatmentforthesick. B．Toseekapprovalfromthecitizens.C．Tooffertheelderlyjobopportunities. D．Toequippeoplewithrelevantknowledge.4．Inwhichsectionofanewspaperthepassagemostlikelybefound?A．Health. B．Society.C．Culture. D．Business.Passage2（2022·廣東梅州·一模）AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.5．HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?A．Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B．Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C．Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D．Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3?A．Reported. B．Conducted. C．Confirmed. D．Exposed.7．WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer’sdisease.A．Itcomesinasmallersize. B．Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C．Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons. D．IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer’sdisease.8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer’sdisease.B．ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseasehasbeenfound.C．TheAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D．TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer’sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.Passage3（2022·湖南省祁陽縣第一中學二模）Artificialintelligence(AI)mightbeabletospotthenextvirustojumpfromanimalstohumans,Scottishresearchersreport.Identifyingdiseasesbeforetheybecomeathreattohumansischallenging,becauseonlyafewofthenearly2millionanimalvirusescaninfecthumans.Bydevelopingmachinelearningmodels,researcherscananalyzegeneticpatternsofvirusesthatmightinfectpeople.“Ourfindingsshowthatthezoonotic(動物傳染人的)potentialofvirusescanbeinferredtoasurprisinglylargeextentfromtheirgenomesequence(基因組序列).”theresearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowreported.“Byhighlightingviruseswiththegreatestpotentialtobecomezoonotic,genome-basedrankingallowsfurtherecologicalandvirologicalcharacterizationtobetargetedmoreeffectively.”Theresearcherssaidthemodelsareonlyafirststepinidentifyinganimalviruseswiththepotentialtoinfecthumans,however.Virusesflaggedbythemodelswillneedlaboratorytestconfirmationbeforeresearcherspursuefundingforfurtherstudy.Althoughthesemodelsmaypredictifvirusesmightinfecthumans,that’sonlyonepartofthebroaderrisk.Zoonoticriskisalsoinfluencedbyhowdestructiveavirusisinhumans,aswellasitsabilitytotransmitbetweenpeople,andecologicalconditionsatthetimeofhumanexposure.ThefindingswerepublishedonlineinthejournalPLoSBiology.Co-authorSimonBabayansaid

thesefindings

addimportantinformationtothatcollectedfromgeneticsequencingofvirusesusingAItechniques.“Themorevirusesarecharacterized,themoreeffectiveourmachinelearningmodelswillbecomeatidentifyingtherarevirusesthatoughttobecloselymonitoredandprioritizedforvaccinedevelopment.”Babayanadded.9．Whatisthesignificanceofgenome-basedranking?A．Toidentifyviruseswhichhavethreatenedhumans.B．Todiscoverhumanvirusesthatcaninfectanimals.C．Tohighlightviruseswiththeslightestchancestobecomezoonotic.D．Totargetecologicalandvirologicalcharacterizationmoreeffectively.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Thefundforfurtherstudyhasbeenputinplace.B．ThereisstillalongwaytogoforAImodelstofunctionideally.C．Virusesflaggedbythemodelshavebeenconfirmedbyresearchers.D．Viruses’transmissionabilityisthemostinfluentialfactorforzoonoticrisk.11．WhatisSimonBybayan’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A．Positive. B．Ambiguous. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．AIModelsSpotVariousVirusesinNature.B．AIModelsMonitorVaccineDevelopment.C．AIModelsPredictPotentialZoonoticViruses.D．AIModelsCurePotentialZoonoticDiseases.Passage4（2022·安徽淮南·一模）It’sincreasinglybecomingclearthatdepressionandinsomnia(失眠)areoftenlinkedasinterrelateddisorders,andthattheyareoftenrelatedinavarietyofways.Infact,somescientistshavegonesofarastosuggestthatmedicalpractitionersshouldbewaryofdiagnosingdepressionwithoutevidenceofsleepcomplaintsbytheindividual.AccordingtoastudyfromHarvardHealth,asmanyas75%ofindividualswithdepressionsufferedfrominsomniawhile69%ofpeoplewithinsomniaalsostruggledwithdepressionlateron,suggestingthatthetwodisordersoftengohandinhand.Issueswithsleepduetodepressioncanhappeninvariousways,includingchangestosleepregulationprocessesorsideeffectsofprescriptionmedicine.This,inturn,mayworsensymptomsofdepression,butexpertsnotethatdepressivedisorderswithoutinsomniaorothersleepdisordersareincreasinglyrare.Bothdepressionandinsomniaarecommondisordersthatcausepeoplesomedisturbanceworldwide.Whendealingwitheitheroftheseissues,thepersoncanhavedifficultymaintainingagoodqualityoflife.Scientistsestimatethat40%ofAmericanswillstrugglewithinsomniaatonepointintheirlife,whileanestimated17.3millionU.S.adultswilldealwiththesymptomsofamajordepressionepisodeatleastonceperyear.Butthegoodnewsisthattreatingoneconditionmayimprovesymptomsofboth.“Youdon’tneedtorushofftoseeaspecialist;butthereareotherthingswecandototakecareofourselves.”saysDr.Chisholm.“Physicalexerciseisveryimportantforgoodsleepandprotectiveagainstdepression,asarehealthyeatinghabitsandstayingoffalcohol.Makesureyoustayactiveandgobacktothethingsthatinterestyouandgiveyoupleasure.Openinguptoatrustedfriendaboutyourstruggleswithinsomniaoradepressedmoodmayalsohelp.Andsleepingpillsshouldbetakenonlyforashorttime,ifatall,becauseyoumaydevelopadependence.Plus,themedicinewon’taddressunderlyingcausesofyourinsomnia.”13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wary”inparagraphIprobablymean?A．Cautious. B．Confident. C．Aware. D．skeptical.14．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthesecondparagraph?A．Tosupportapoint. B．Toanalyseastudy. C．Toreleasestatistics. D．Toreportdetails.15．WhatisexpectedofthosewithinsomniaordepressionaccordingtoDr.Chisholm?A．Avoidingseeingaspecialist. B．Reachingouttoatruefriend.C．Stickingtodietingandexercising. D．Returningtooldwaysofrelaxation.16．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．MostAmericanssufferfromcitherinsomniaordepression.B．Sleepingpillsaren’tadvisedtobeprescribed.C．Depressionrarelydisturbssleepregulationprocesses.D．Long-termuseofsleepingpillsmayresultinaddiction.Passage5（2022·重慶·西南大學附中一模）Atsomepointinourlives,weallsnore.Acoldorallergycanblocknasalpassages,afewdrinkstooclosetobedwillautomaticallyrelaxtongue,palateandthroatmuscles—andthereforeweknowthatwe’reunconsciouslyforcingairpastthosesofttissues,causingvibrationsthatescapeasasnore.“Snoringcanbenormalandnotsomethingtoworryabout,”saidsleepspecialistRebeccaRobbins,aninstructorinthedivisionofsleepmedicineforHarvardMedicalSchool.Butsnoringcanalsobeakeysignofobstructivesleepapnea(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停),aserioussleepdisorderinwhichpeopleactuallystopbreathingfor10secondsormoreatatime.“Whenit’sloudsnoring,orit’sinterruptedbypausesinbreathing,that’swherewestarttogetconcerned,”Robbinssaid.It’sestimatedthatatleast25millionAmericansand936peopleworldwidemaysufferfromobstructivesleepapnea,withmanymoreundiagnosed.It’scalled“obstructivesleepapnea”becauseunlikecentralsleepapnea—inwhichthebrainoccasionallyskipstellingthebodytobreathe—obstructivesleepapneaisduetoaclosureoftheairwaysbyweak,heavyorrelaxedsofttissues.“You’remakingtheeffortwithyourbellyandyourchesttotrytogettheairinandout,butbecauseoftheblockintheupperairway,youcan’t.Oftenyouaren’tawareofthisstruggle,butitcanbevery,veryscaryforanyonewatching,”saidsleepspecialistDr.RajDasgupta,anassociateprofessorofclinicalmedicineattheKeckSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Ifleftuntreated,obstructivesleepapneaputsyouatahighriskforhypertension,heartdisease,type2diabetesordepression,evenanearlydeath,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.17．What’sRebeccaRobbins’sattitudetowardssnoring?A．Indifferent. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Positive.18．Accordingtothepassage,what’sthereasonforobstructivesleepapnea?A．Badsleepinghabits. B．Blockedbreathingorgans.C．Infectionfromfamilymembers. D．Unhealthyeatinghabits.19．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Mostpeoplewhohaveobstructivesleepapneahavebeendiagnosed.B．Mostpeoplewhohaveobstructivesleepapnearealizetheirbreathingdifficulties.C．Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutanytypeofsnoring.D．Obstructivesleepapneamayleadtoavarietyofdiseases.20．Whatwilltheauthorwriteaboutinthefollowingparagraphofthepassage?A．Thedangersofobstructivesleepapnea.B．ThehistoryofAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.C．Theimportanceforpeopletorealizetheexistenceofobstructivesleepapnea.D．Thescientificmethodsfortreatingobstructivesleepapnea.Passage6（2021·四川·石室中學模擬預測）Inautumnof1975,twomothersinLyme,Connecticut,weredesperateforanswerstheirdoctorscouldnotprovide.TheirfamiliesandothersintheLymeareaweresufferingfromamysteriousillness.TwodoctorsfromYale,AllanSteereandStephenMalawista,begananinvestigationthatwouldresultinagroundbreakingmedicaldiscovery.Thedoctorsbeganbyconductingindividualexaminationsofeachpatient.Theyfoundpatientsofallagesweresufferingfromasetofsymptomsrarelyobservedtogether.Bloodsamplesrevealednovirusthatofferedaclueaboutthecause.However,theyfoundfruitfulinformationintheirinterviewswithpatients:onequarterofthemrecalledaskinrash(皮疹)withabull's-eyepatternaboutfourweeksbeforeothersymptomsarose.Armedwiththisnewclue,theDepartmentofHealthworkedwiththeYaledoctors,conductingsurveystolearnwherethediseasewasmostwidelyseen.Itseemedthatthemajorityofpatientslivedinheavilywoodedareas,whospentagooddealoftimeoutdoors,gardening,landscaping,orplaying.Thesymptomswerenearlyalwaysexperiencedforthefirsttimeduringsummer.Crucially,somerecalledhavingbeenbittenbyatick(蜱,壁虱),whichfeedsmostlyonthebloodofmammalsandbirds.By1977,investigatorsconfirmedthatthedeertickwasresponsible.In1982,ascientistnamedWillyBurgdorferdiscoveredaspecifictypeofbacteria,carriedbythedeertick,whichwascausingthedisease.Scientistsconcludedthatthebacteriapassedfromwildlifetotickstohumans.Alllivedcloselyamongoneanotherinthearea.Howcouldadiseasefromacommonparasite(寄生蟲)springupsosuddenly?Manyareasofthenortheast,includingLyme,wereoncefarmland.Gradually,thefarmlandwasreplantedwithtrees,thenneighborhoodspusheddeeperintothehabitatofdeerticksand,moreimportantly,thewildlifetheyfedupon.Ashumansencounteredmoreticks,theybecamemorelikelytocontractthedisease.OneoftheremainingmysteriesaboutLymediseaseiswhereandwhenittrulybegan.Thispuzzlemayneverbesolved.Today,Lymedisease—ifcaughtearly—iseasilytreatedwithantibiotics,thankstothehardworkofmanyscientists,doctors,andpatients.21．WhichofthefollowingmethodhelpedDr.SteereandDr.Malawistamost?A．Carryingoutafieldsurvey. B．Conductingpatientinterviews.C．Offeringpatients'bloodsamples. D．Separatingpatientsintoagegroups.22．Fromthepassage，wecanconcludethat______________.A．patients'memoryoftickbiteswasvitaltothemedicaldiscoveryB．LymediseasespreadbecausedeerticksandhumansbothfedondeerC．onequarterofthepatientsgotaskinrashaftersomesymptomshadaroseD．Lymediseaseislesscommonnowbecausepeoplespendlesstimeoutdoors23．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordphrase“springup"inParagraph5probablymean?A．Worsen. B．Return. C．Appear. D．Decrease.24．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AScientificStudy B．AMedicalMystery C．AnEffectiveTreatment D．AnUnsolvedPuzzlePassage7（2022·浙江·模擬預測）Aspeoplepanickeduponemptysupermarketshelvesintheearlydaysofthepandemic,therewasrenewedattentiontofarmworkers’criticalroleinoursociety.Butthelaborconditionsthatfarmworkersendurehavefurtherworsenedsincethen,andmanyoftheseessentialworkershavehadtheirlivesendangeredbyadevastatingcombinationoftheCOVID-19andmental-healthchallenges.AdairyfarmworkerinVermont,whotoldusthathismentalstatewasfraying,recalledspending12hoursmilkingcowsonlytolaterhavetodumpgallonsofthatmilkbecausethefarmdidn’thaveabuyer.It’shardtoimaginethecruelrealityofbeingforcedtogetridofperfectlygoodmilkwhilestrugglingtoprovideyourownfamilywithmuch-neededfoodandmoneyduetoshortenedworkhoursthroughoutthepandemic.Hisstoryisheartbreakingandunthinkablebutalltoocommon.Farmworkershavealwaysfacedtrauma,anxietyandstressfromtheirjobs.Theyandtheirfamilieshavehistoricallystruggledwithsubstandard,overcrowdedlivingandworkingconditions,exposuretoharmfulpesticides,riskofseriousinjuries,pooraccesstohealthcareandpoverty-levelwages.AccordingtodatafromthemostrecentNationalAgriculturalWorkerSurvey,33%offarmworkersearnincomeswellbelowthepovertyline.Andthroughtheseenduringinjustices,theyhavealsobeenharmedbythepandemicandleftoutoffederalCOVID-19reliefprograms.ResearchershaveestimatedthathundredsofthousandsoffarmersandfarmworkersintheU.S.havecontractedthevirusandmorethan10,000havedied.EffortstoorganizefarmworkerstofightforbetterconditionshavebeenhinderedbyCOVID-19,asithassharplylimitedsurvivors’accesstohelp.Nolessonfromthepandemicisclearerthanthatourphysicalandmentalhealtharecloselylinkedandequallyimportant.Thestressorsandmentalhealthissuesfarmworkersfacemustbeconsideredoccupationalhealthissues.Thepathforwardistocreateprogramsandopportunitiesforworkerstoreceivemental-healthsupportandtreatmentasitrelatestoworkplacestressors,prioritizingessentialworkerslikefarmworkersandlow-wageworkers.25．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathasputfarmworkers’livesindanger?A．Peoplenotpayingenoughattentiontotheirwork.B．Shortagesoffoodsandnecessitiesinthesupermarkets.C．Acombinationofphysicalthreatsandmentalproblems.D．Theworseningworkingconditionstheyhavetoendure.26．Whydoestheauthormentionthedairyfarmworker’sstory?A．Tointroducetheworkingprocessofdairyfarmworkers.B．Topresentthementalpressurefarmworkersareexperiencing.C．Toshowthegloomyprospectofthemilkindustry.D．Toaccuseemployersofcrueltyandindifference.27．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinpara.4?A．Promoted B．Eased C．Stopped D．Organized28．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Comparedtophysicalhealth,mentalhealthshouldbeprioritized.B．Physicalandpsychologicalhealthshouldbetreatedseparately.C．Farmworkers’mentalproblemsshouldberelatedtotheirwork.D．Essentialworkersshouldreceivebettersupportandtreatment.Passage8（2021·上海·模擬預測）Long-windedspeechcouldbeanearlysignofAlzheimer'sdisease,accordingtoresearchthatsuggestsslightchangesinspeechstyleoccuryearsbeforethemoreseriousmentaldeclinetakeshold.SpeakingattheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinBoston,JanetCohenSherman,clinicaldirectorofthePsychologyAssessmentCenteratMassachusettsGeneralHospital,listednewfindingsthatrevealeddistinctivelanguageproblemsinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(MCI).“Manyofthestudiessofarhavelookedatchangesinmemory,butwealsoknowchangesoccurinlanguage”,shesaid.ShermancitesstudiesofthevocabularyinIrisMurdoch'slaterworks,whichshowedsignsofAlzheimer’syearsbeforeherdiagnosis.Anotherstudy,basedonWhiteHousepressconferencetranscripts,foundstrikingchangesinRonaldReagan'sspeechoverthecourseofhispresidency,whileGeorgeHWBush,whowasasimilaragewhenpresident,showednosuchdecline.“RonaldReaganstartedtohaveadeclineinthenumberofuniquewordswithrepetitionsofstatementsovertime,”saidSherman.“Hestartedusingmorefillers,moreemptyphrases,likething,or'something'orthingslike‘basically’or‘actuallyorwell’.”Shermanandhercolleagueshadinitiallysetouttotestthe“regressionhypothesis”,theideathatlanguageislostinareversedirectiontohowitwasacquiredduringchildhood,withlonganddifficultvocabularybeingthefirstthingtogo.Thehypothesisturnedouttobewrong,buttheteamdidfindthatAlzheimer’scomeswithcharacteristiclanguageproblems.Inastudy,thescientistscomparedthelanguageabilitiesof22healthyyoungindividuals,24healthyolderindividualsand22peoplewithMCI.Whengivenanexerciseinwhichtheyhadtojoinupthreewords,forinstance“pen”,“ink”and“paper”,thehealthyvolunteerstypicallyjoinedthethreeinasimplesentence,whiletheMCIgroupgavemorecomplexaccountsofgoingtotheshopandbuyingapen.“Thesentencestheyproducedweremuchlonger,theyhadahardtimestayingonpointandIguessyoucouldsaytheyweremuchmoreroundaboutinmakingtheirpointunderstood,saidSherman.“Itwasaverysignificantdifference.”TheprospectofaneffectivetreatmentforAlzheimer’shashadknockbacksthepastyearasdrugshaveeachbeenshowntomakenodifferencetotherateofcognitivedeclineintrials.Between2002and2012,99.6%ofdrugsstudiesaimedatpreventing,curingorimprovingAlzheimer’ssymptomswerediscontinued.Somebelievethatthesefailuresmaybe,inpart,becausebythetimeAlzheimer'sisdiagnosed,thediseasehasalreadycausedirreparabledamagetothebrain,makingittoolatefortreatmenttohelp.“Sowearetryingtopushthedetectionperiodbacktotheveryslight,earlychangesinAlzheimer’sdisease.“saidSherman.29．WhatdidJanetCohenShermanandherteamfindintheirresearch?A．Mildcognitiveimpairmentiscausedbyfailinglanguageabilitiesinmostcases.B．MemorydeclineisamajorsignofAlzheimer’sandshouldbepaidattentionto.C．PeoplewithAlzheimer’smayshowachangeinspeechstyleatanearlystage.D．PeoplecanavoidMCIbymakinglong-windedspeechshortandmeaningful.30．Accordingtothepassage,RonaldReagan________.A．mademorepowerfulspeechesthanGeorgeHWBushB．reliedonemptyphrasestoavoidanypotentialconflictC．usedmoreinaccuratewordsinspeechovertimewhenpresidentD．hadadeclineinthenumberofrepetitionsofstatementsinhislaterlife31．WhatcanbeconcludedfromMCIgroup'sperformanceintheword-joiningexercise?A．Theyhaddifficultyinmakingcleartheirmeaningbriefly.B．Theyfailedtotellthedifferencebetweendifferentaccounts.C．Theywouldliketoasktheiraudiencetoguesswhattheymeant.D．Theytendedtothinkalotbeforecomingupwithasuitablesentence.32．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostpreviousdrugsarenolongeronthemarketbecauseoftheirsideeffects.B．ThefindingsofSherman'sresearchmayleadtoeffectivetreatmentofAlzheimer’s.C．The”regressionhypothesis”provedtobepartiallytrue,especiallywithMCIpeople.D．Mentaldeclinedoesn’talwayshappenbeforepeoplediagnosedwithAlzheimer’s.參考答案：1．B2．B3．D4．A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了患有輕度認知障礙的老人ZhuCaiping通過在餐館服務，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社會關心和提供機會幫助患有認知障礙的人。1．細節理解題。根據第三段“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu(我可以為客人提供基本的服務，例如：倒水，提供菜單，記下菜單上所有的菜名)”可知，她在努力去勝任這個服務員的工作。故選B。2．細節理解題。根據第一段“shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.(她發現焦慮，沮喪，看不起自己，成為她生活的常態)”以及最后一段“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.(我們應該感到幸運，因為整個社會都在關心老年人，特別是像我們一樣的人)”可知，患有認知障礙的人常會感到焦慮，但同時也感到幸運，因為有全社會的關心。故選B。3．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.(除了為老年人提供就業機會，在飯館外面張貼有關認知障礙和老年癡呆癥的相關信息去幫助人們認識這些病的癥狀和盡快尋求治療方案)”可知，張貼有關認知障礙的相關信息是為了幫助人們了解這些病的相關信息。故選D。4．推理判斷題。通讀全文并結合第一段“WhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,(73歲的ZhuCaiping在3年前被確診為輕度認知障礙)”可知，本文將講述疾病方面的話題，因此屬于健康范疇。因此在報紙的健康欄目可以讀到。故選A。5．B6．C7．D8．D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發現了兩個可能與阿爾茨海默病有關的新基因，介紹了他們發現這兩個基因的方式、什么是阿爾茨海默病以及這一發現的重要意義。5．細節理解題。根據第一段中“Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.(他們通過探索患有這種疾病的人的海馬體中哪些基因被打開和關閉來識別這些基因)”可知，研究小組通過探索基因的開關狀態發現與阿爾茨海默病相關的兩個基因的。故選B。6．詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“theirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains”以及“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.”可知，在阿爾茨海默病中，神經元的損傷和喪失會導致海馬體的減少，這可以通過醫學成像來測量。研究人員證實，其中兩種基因的表達與阿爾茨海默病的海馬體大小有關，由此可以說明研究小組通過比較這24個基因的基因表達和個體的大腦圖像，進一步證實了他們的發現，故畫線詞意思是“證實”。A.Reported.報告；B.Conducted.管理；C.Confirmed.證實；D.Exposed.暴露。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.(在阿爾茨海默病中，神經元的損傷和喪失會導致海馬體的減少，這可以通過醫學成像來測量。研究人員證實，其中兩種基因的表達與阿爾茨海默病的海馬體大小有關)”可推知，阿爾茨海默病中海馬體的大小有助于識別老年癡呆癥。故選D。8．主旨大意題。根據第一段“AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenes