Unit4

Grammar--TheAttributiveClause

Conceptof

theAttributiveClause在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞、代詞或整個主句,所以也稱之為形容詞性從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句要放在先行詞之后。用來引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞可分為關系代詞和關系副詞兩種。要做好定語從句的有關試題，就得必須理解“關系詞”具有的三種功能：(1)引導一個定語從句。(在定語從句開頭)(2)替代“先行詞”。（省去從句中對應的he/she/it/they/him/her/them/…）(3)在定語從句中充當成分。(作主/賓/表定語/狀語）課文例句1）ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

2）Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.3）Thenumberofpeople

whowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.4）Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone

shookTangshan.5）Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.6）Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.7）Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Lookatthefollowingsentences1.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledJack.2.Theman(whom/who)

ItalkedtojustnowisMr.Li.3.Thecar(that/which)heboughtyesterdayisasecond-handone.4.HarryistheboywhosemotherisourMathsteacher.5.Weliveinahousewhosewindowopenstothesouth.

Sumup1.先行詞指人時，用關系代詞that/who(whom),在句中作主語或賓語；2.先行詞是物時，用關系代詞that/which，在從句中作主語或賓語；3.whose在從句中作定語，既可指人，表示“某些人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”；

4.關系代詞that、who、whom、which在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。關系代詞的用法who(whom)1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）

TheprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtojustnowisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedjustnowisMr.Li.

which

①作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)

Thesearethetreeswhich

wereplantedlastyear.Theradio（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)

youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhich

youborrowbooks?HehastohavelessonsonSundays,which

hedoesn’tlikeatall.

Jamesdidreallywellintheexams,which

wasabigsurprise.②Which的先行詞有時不是一個詞，而是整個主句，這時，which前一定要使用逗號。that①指人/物,在從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）。指人時，相當于who或whom;指物時，相當于which.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.②在從句中作表語

Heisnotthemanthatheseemstobe.

他這人不可貌相。

Tomisnolongertheboythat

hewasbefore.

Chinaisnolongerthecountrythat

shewasbefore.whose

是所有格，在定語從句中作定語，后面要接名詞，既可指人，表示“某些人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”，指物時可與（ofwhich＋the＋名詞）或（the＋名詞＋ofwhich）互換使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebook,thecoverofwhichisblue.在下列定語從句中關系代詞只能用that

1.當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much等不定代詞時。如：

Thisbookcontainsmuch/littlethatisuseful.

這本書中有很多/沒有多少有用的東西。

Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.

我指的是昨天買的那個。2.先行詞被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代詞修飾時。如：

Ihavereadallthebook(that)yougaveme.

我把你給我的書都看了。

Therearesomejobs(that)mencan'tdoverywell.

有些工作男人無法做好。

3.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

Thisisthefirstfilm(that)IhaveseensinceIcamehere.這是我到這里以來所看的第一部電影。

Thisisthebiggestapple(that)Ihaveevereaten.

這是我所吃到的蘋果中最大的一個。4.

先行詞既有人又有物時。如：

Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools(that)wehadvisited.

我們訪問過的老師和參觀過的學校給我們留下了深刻的印象。

5.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。如：

Maryistheonlyfriend(that)IhaveinAustralia.

瑪麗是我在澳大利亞唯一的朋友。

Sheistheverythief(that)thepolicemanislookingfor.

她就是警察正在尋找的那個小偷。

ThelastplacetheyvisitedwastheSummerPalace.

他們最后參觀的地方是頤和園。

6.先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞在從句中也作表語時。如：Heissaidtobeeverythingthatanhonestmanshouldbe.人們說他具備了一個誠實的人有應有的一切美好品質。Don’tcheatme.I’mnolongertheboythatIwasthreeyearsago.別騙我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。

7.主句是以who或which引導的特殊疑問句時WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

哪件T恤衫最合我的身？Whoisthegirlthatwearsbluedress?

穿藍色裙子的女孩是誰？Fillinthesentenceswiththecorrectrelativepronouns:1.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.2.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandthepersons______noneofushaseverheardof.3.Ihaveboughtaverywatch______wasadvertisedonTV.4.Thepresidentmadeaspeechin________heexpressedhissatisfaction.5.Iknowtheboy________motherisafriendofmine.thatthat

thatthatwhichwhoseCombinethetwosentences1.Thewriterisveryfamousinourcity.Wemetheryesterday.

2.Thedressisfashionable.Sheiswearingit.

Thewriter

who/whom/that/﹨wemetyesterdayisveryfamous

inourcity.Thedresswhich/that/﹨sheiswearingisfashionable.3.I’mlisteningtotheMp4.

ItbelongstoTom.

4.Isthatthecompany?Yourfatheronceworkedinthecompany.

5.Thatstudentdidn’tcometoschoolthismorning.Iborrowedhisbookyesterday.

I’mlisteningtotheMp4which/thatbelongstoTom.Isthatthecompanythat/which/﹨yourfatheronceworkedin?ThatstudentwhosebookIborrowedyesterdaydidn’tcometoschoolthismorning.關系代詞as的用法as也可用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。①as用于非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中，as可指代整個主句，其引導的定語從句可位于句首，句中或句末，通常用逗號與主句隔開。Heisateacher,ascanbeseenfromhismanner.他是教師，這一點從他的舉止上可以看出來。(as在從句中作賓語)Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。(as在從句中作賓語)Money,assomeoneoncesaid,istherootofallevils.正如有人曾說過的那樣，金錢是萬惡之源。(as在從句中作賓語)asanybodycansee正如人人都看到的asweallknow正如大家所知道的asiswellknown這是眾所周知的aswehadexpected正如我們所預料的asoftenhappens正如經常發生的那樣asisoftenthecase情況常常如此ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述

asmaybeimagined可以想像得出ashasbeenpointedout正像已經指出的那樣aswillbeshownin…這一點將在…中表明②as用于限制性定語從句中關系代詞as常用于”thesame…as““such…as““so…as”“asmany/much…as”這些結構中,代表前面的先行詞,在從句中作主語或賓語●Ihadthesameexperienceasyouhad.我跟你有相同的經歷.（as在定語從句中充當賓語，但不能省略）●Hereissoheavyaboxascanbeliftedbynobody.這里有一個沒人能搬得動的重箱子.（as在定語從句中作主語）●Sheissuchaclevergirl_____everyteacherlikes.asB.thatC.whatD.which●Asmanypeople____sawthegirlwerestruckbyherbeauty.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.asAD※thesame…as與thesame…thatthesame…as表示“相似”,thesame…that表示“同一”ThatisthesamebikeasIlost.那輛自行車和我丟的一模一樣。（同樣的但不是同一個）That