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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年浙江省湖州市高一(下)期末英語試卷一、選詞填空-句子(本大題共1小題,共1.0分)1.Thepainfulexperiencehasaffectedbothherm______andphysicalhealth.二、閱讀理解(本大題共11小題,共27.5分)A閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
ChrisDempseyfirstlearnedaboutHeatherKruegerwhenhewasonhisbreakatwork.HeoverheardhiscoworkerJackDwyermentionthathiscousinHeatherhadjustdevelopedstageIVliver(肝)disease.Shewasonly25,Dwyersaid,butshewouldn'tsurvivemuchlongerunlessshecouldhavealivertransplant(移植).
Dempseywantedtohelp."IfsomeoneinmyfamilywereinHeather'ssituation,Iwouldwantsomebodytostepupandhelpme,"saidDempsey,whophonedthehospitalandimmediatelystartedthetesting.Hewasn'tsurewhatwouldhappentoKruegerifhewasn'tamatch.Butafewweekslater,thetestscameback.Theywerepositive,andDempseywashappytogiveupto55%ofhislivertosaveKrueger'slife.
DempseywantedtocallKruegertotellherthegoodnews.Thoughthey'dtexted,they'dneverspokenbefore.AfterKruegerhungupthephone,sherandownthehalltohermotherandcried.WhenDempseyhungup,hefelt"likeatotallynewperson."
Afewdayslater,DempseyandKruegermettodiscusstheoperation,buttheyendeduptalkingaboutmuchmorethings.Kruegerexplainedthatshehadtoquitherjobasanursingassistantwhenherillnessbecametooserious.Still,asDempseyrememberedit,"Shedidn'tlooklikeapersonwhowassick.Shewasbeautiful,andshehadthissmileonherfacetheentire.time.Itwasamazinghowhighherspiritswere."Moreover,thetwoplannedforapublicfundraisingtohelppayKrueger'smedicalbills.
Onthedayofthetransplant,DempseyandKruegersatsidebysideinhospitalbeds,surroundedbytheirfamilies.Theoperationwentwellandtheywerebothreleasedfromthehospitalwithinamonth.2.WhydidDempseydecidetohelpKrueger?______A.Becauseofhisownexperience.
B.Outofhiscareandkindnessforothers.
C.BecauseKruegerwashiscousin.
D.BecausehiscoworkerJackaskedhimtodoso.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDempsey?______A.Kind-hearted. B.Open-minded. C.Strong-willed. D.Good-tempered.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?______A.OneofDempsey'sfamilymembers-oncehaddevelopedthesamediseaseasKrueger.
B.DempseywassoexcitedthathecriedwhensharingthegoodnewswithKrueger.
C.AfterKruegergottheliverdisease,shewasinlowspiritssoshegaveupherjob.
D.Kruegeralwayskeptapositiveattitudetowardslifethoughfacingahealthproblem.BPuffinBooks,thepublisherofUKwriterRoaldDahl'sclassicchildren'sbookslikeMatildaandTheWitches,cameunderfireinFebruaryduetotheirchoicetocutouthundredsofimpolitewordssuchas"fat"and"ugly"inRoaldDahl'sstoriestomakethemmoreacceptabletomodernreaders.
AlthoughthepublisherarguedthattheyweremeanttoallowDahl'sbookstocontinuetobeenjoyedbyalltoday,manypeoplewerestillangeredbythepractice.BookerPrize-winningauthorSalmanRushdiewasamongthosewhoreactedangrilytotherewritingofDahl'swords.Hesaidthat"it'simportantthatworksofliteraturearepreserved",notedSkyNews.
AccordingtoTheConversation,"children'sliteratureimplicitly(潛移默化地)shapesthemindsofchildreadersbypresentingparticularsocialandculturevalues.Childrencanbeinfluencedeasilytoworkswhichcanshapethewaytheygrowupandunderstandtheworld."
Personally,Ibelieveintheintelligenceofchildrentoexploretheworldaroundthem.Itisthejobofteachers,parentsandthatotheradultguardianstohelpchildrenunderstandthatbooksareproductsoftheirtimesandthatauthors-eventhebestamongthem-arehumanbeingswiththeirownflaws(缺點).
Afterall,justasSuzanneNossel,CEOofPENAmerica,anonprofitorganizationthatprotectswritersandfreedomofexpression,wroteonherTwitter,"Ifwestarttochangeandadaptthegreatworksinsteadofallowingreaderstoreceiveandreacttobooksaswritten,weriskdestroyingthebeautythatliteratureoffers."
Withthiskindofunderstandinginmind,wecanprovidechildrenwiththetoolstojudgeandsortoutwhattheyread.Thisisaskillneedednowmorethaneverinatimeof"fakenews"andtherapidspreadofdisinformation(虛假消息).5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thepractice"inparagraph2referto?______A.PuffinBookschangedsomeimpolitewordsinRoaldDahl'sstories.
B.PuffinBooksremovedsomerudewordsfromRoaldDahl'sstories.
C.PuffinBookspreservedsomeimpolitewordsinRoaldDahl'sstories.
D.PuffinBooksallowedDahl'sbookstocontinuetobeenjoyedbyall.6.WhichofthefollowingwouldSuzanneNosselmostprobablyagreewith?______A.Parentsandteacherareresponsibletohelpchildrenunderstandtheclassics.
B.Thechangetothegreatworkswillmakethemmoreattractive.
C.Childrencanbeinfluencedbythebookstheyread.
D.Greatworksshouldbepreservedaswritten.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotherewritingofDahl'sworks?______A.Objective. B.Concerned. C.Supportive. D.Critical.8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.RoaldDahl'sClassicChildren'sBooks
B.Children'sBooks:UptoDate
C.GreatWorks:ToRewriteorNot
D.BringGreatBooksforChildrenCTheBrainofawoodpecker(啄木鳥)experiencesaseeminglycatastrophicimpacteverytimeitsbeak(喙)hitswood."Whenyouseethesebirdshittingtheirheadsagainstatree,weashumansgetpuzzledwhytheydon'tgetheadachesorbraindamage,"saysSamVanWassenbergh,aresearcherattheUniversityofAntwerp.
Inthepast,scientistshavesuggestedthebird'sbrainisprotectedfromtheimpacts,perhapsbyabeakthatabsorbssomeoftheforce,orsomethinginitsheadthatactsasacushion(緩沖物).ButVanWassenberghdidn'tthinkso.Soheledateamtostudyusinghigh-speedvideoofwoodpeckersinaction.Thevideosshowedsomestrikingdetails.Forexample"theyclosetheireyesatthemomenttheyhitthewood."VanWassenberghsays,toprotecttheireyefromflyingbitsofwood.
Thevideosalsoshowedthatwoodpeckers'beaksoftengetstuckinthewood.Buttheygetfreealmostimmediately,thankstoacleverbeakdesignthatprovidesindependentmovementoftheupperandlowerbeak.
Whatthevideosdidnotshowisanysignthatthewoodpeckers'brainissomehowcushioned."Thewayweseetheheadbehavingisveryrigid(死板的),likeatoolhittingwood,"VanWassenberghsays.Thatmeanstheheadrepeatedlyexperiencesslowdownsthatwouldcauseaninjuryinahumanbrain.
Yetthewoodpeckerbrainappearedunharmed,evenafterthousandsofimpactsinasingleday.Thisispossiblebecauseofitssmallsizeandweight.VanWassenberghsays."Ananimalthathasasmallersizecanstandhigherslowdowns,"hesays.
Thatideawassuggestedin2006byLornaGibson,aprofessoratMIT.Now,ithasbeenconfirmedbythehigh-speedvideo.Awoodpecker'sbrainisabout700timessmallerthanahumanbrain."Thatiswhyeventhehardesthitsweobservedarenotexpectedtocauseanyinjury,"VanWassenberghsays.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"catastrophic"inparagraph1probablymean?______A.Useful. B.Harmful. C.Unrelated. D.Little.10.Whichofthefollowingdidthevideosshowaboutthewoodpecker?______A.Itsbeakcanabsorbsomeforce.
B.Itseyesareclosedwhenitispecking.
C.Itspeckingspeedslowdowngradually.
D.Itsupperandlowerbeakmustworktogether.11.Whatprotectsthewoodpecker'sbrainfrominjuryaccordingtoVanWassenbergh?______A.Thecushionedbrain.
B.Thecleverdesignofthebeak.
C.Thetinysizeandweightofthebrain.
D.Therigidbehaviorofthehead.12.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?______A.VanWassenbergh'svideohasconfirmedLornaGibson'theory.
B.LornaGibsonsupportedVanWassenbergh'sresearch.
C.LornaGibsonexpectedsomebraininjuryofawoodpeckerbythehits.
D.Thebrainofawoodpeckerismuchsmallerthanthatofahuman.三、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
EasySolutionstoStressDoesstressoftenwearyoudown?It'salmostimpossibletototallyavoidstress,butthefollowingtipswillhelpyoutogetitundercontrolsothatitdoesn'ttakeoveryourlife.
Relyonotherpeople
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumansshowthatsocialcontactcanhelpyoubetterrespondtostress.(1)______Avoidpeoplewhoalwaysneedsomethingwithoutgivingbackorwhoarealwaysshortwithyou
(2)______
Leavethehouse15minutesearlyforappointments,setupasystemforpayingyourbills,refillyourdailysuppliesaweekaheadoftimeandbuybirthdaycardswheneveryouseeonesyoulike.Alittleadvanceplanningcanspareyoualotofheadaches!
Keepajournal
Reflectonyourday,youremotionsandyourpersonalgoals.Whilewritingthemdown,includeeverythingthatstressesyou,soyoucanstarttorecognizewhatyourproblemsareandtakeappropriateaction.(3)______
Cutyourto-dolistinhalf
Mostofussetthebartoohigh.Afteryou'vewrittenyourto-dolist,decidewhat'smostimportanttoyouinthelongrun,thencutthelistinhalf.(4)______.Forexample,hireaneighbourhoodteenagertowateryourgardenorskipcookingandordertakeaway.
Laughalittle
(5)______Laughteralsohelpskeepyourheart,lungsandmuscleshealthyandbuildupyourresistance(抵抗力).Plus,it'snearlyimpossibletostaytensewhileyou'relaughing.Therefore,findcartoons,videosorTVshowsthatmakeyoulaugh.
A.Avoidlast-minuterushes.
BMakedetailedplansfordailyactivities.
C.Writingisalsoagreatwaytorelaxandputthingsinorder.
D.Ifyoucan'tcutoutcertaintasks,trytohavesomeoneelsedothem.
E.Asweallknow,laughteristhebestmedicineforbothyourbodyandmind.
F.Soestablishanetworkofpeopleyoucanturntoandaskforsomehelpfuladvice.
G.Whenyoulaugh,yousendchemicalscalledendorphins(內啡肽)toyourbrainthateasepainandpromoteyourfeelingofwellbeing.13.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G14.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G15.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后答題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
AsIhaveperfectpitch(絕對音感)andstartedplayingpianoat3yearsold,it'smuchnaturalformetojointheschool'schoirwhenIgottocollegeintheUS.
Atfirst,everythingwentpretty(1)______:Ipassedtheaudition(試音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers.However,Isoonbecame(2)______afterseveralrehearsals(排練):Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn'tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!AndwhenI(3)______others'pitchmistakes,theyseemedunwillingtoaccept.IremainedsilentevenwhenIknewthepitcheswere(4)______.
ItwasourNewYearConcertlastyearthat(5)______meoutofdeepwatersWhenweweresingingthewordsofasong:"Toliveistogive",Ithought"howcouldIbe(6)______justbeingasilentAsian?"Soonafterthe(7)______,Istartedmyplan.Inmysecondterm,I(8)______tojoinalltheconversationsandstartedtohelpfellowsingerswithmyabilities(9)______identifyingpitch.Iwasoverwhelmedbythecontentofhelpingpeople,andwasthrilled(10)______morechoirmemberscametomeforcasualtalks.
FromMarchtoMay,Iwas(11)______soloist(獨唱者)forfourdifferentsongs,anunusual(12)______forafirst-yearstudent.Amongthem,myfavoritepiecewasaSpanishfolksongthatwe(13)______duringthechoir'sspringtourtoMadrid.AChinesestudentsingingaSpanishsonginanAmericanchoir-howproudIwasto(14)______asanambassadorofcross-culturalcommunication!Whentheaudienceapplaudedus,Icametoseeabetterworldwithunderstanding,(15)______andlove.18.
A.smoothly B.carefully C.deeply D.quickly19.
A.scared B.determined C.frustrated D.absorbed20.
A.lookedout B.pointedout C.figuredout D.turnedout21.
A.normal B.incorrect C.perfect D.regular22.
A.pushed B.pressed C.selected D.drew23.
A.satisfiedwith B.keenon C.familiarwith D.eagerfor24.
A.audition B.joke C.concert D.rehearsal25.
A.hoped B.managed C.refused D.failed26.
A.by B.to C.on D.in27.
A.when B.while C.before D.unless28.
A.respected B.postponed C.attached D.appointed29.
A.feature B.hobby C.achievement D.request30.
A.performed B.desired C.lacked D.ignored31.
A.launch B.serve C.assume D.announce32.
A.patience B.independence C.peace D.pride五、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)33.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號中單詞的正確形式。
ChinaiscelebratingitseightSpaceday,whichfallsonApril24.Thecountry(1)______(make)remarkableachievementsinspace(2)______(explorer)overthepastdecade.
TheTiangongspacestation(3)______completedattheendof2022.Ithasthreemainsections:(4)______coremodule(核心艙)andtwosciencelabmodulesandisusuallymadeupofthree(5)______(astronaut)ThethreecrewmembersoftheShenzhouXVmissionareinitnow.
Inmoonexploration,Chinahassentfiveroboticprobes(探測器)tothe(6)______(near)neighborofEarthsince2007.TheChang'e4landedonthefarsideofthemooninJanuary2019andbecamethefirstcrafttomakemeasurementsandobservationsaboutthisareaclosely.Itsrover,theYutu2,(7)______hasbeenworkingtherefornearly1,600days,hasbecometheworld'slongest-operatingmoonrover.Themostrecentmission,Chang'e5,landedinDecember2020andreturned(8)______1,731gramsofmoonrocksandsoil.
Inaddition,theTianwen1missionwaslaunchedinJuly2020,whichtravelledmorethan470millionkilometersbefore(9)______(enter)theorbitofMarsinFebruary2021.Itsonboardrover,Zhurong,landedinMay2021,makingChinathesecondcountry(10)______(send)aroveronMarssuccessfully.六、單詞拼寫-單句(本大題共9小題,共9.0分)34.TheclimateinKunmingis______(溫和的),meaningit'salwaysagoodtimetovisit.35.Atthefootofthehillwasawoodenhouse______(包圍)bytallpinetrees.36.Themotherhadasmileof______(寬慰)afterseeinghersoncuredbythedoctors.37.Therearevariousopinionsaboutthe______(起源)oftheSpringFestival.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)38.Afterwinninga______(獎學金),Jennyfeltlesspressureaboutpayingtuitionfees.39.Howeverbusyweare,wewillg______andcelebratetheSpringFestivaltogether.40.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryo______toeducatepeopleaboutglobalwarming.41.Tobef______,thefireworkslastnightwerereallyannoying.42.Ihavenoideahowmanystudentshavebeena______intotheschoolthisyear.七、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)43.假定你是李華,你校計劃舉辦介紹中國傳統文化的主題班會,并在英語網站上展示,請你給外國朋友Chris寫封信,向他了解哪些中國傳統文化更吸引外國朋友,內容如下:
1.闡明寫信事由;
2.征求建議;
3.表達感謝。
注意:
1.詞數100左右;
2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。
DearChris,
____________
Yours,
LiHua44.閱讀下面短文,根據所給情節進行續寫,使之構成一個完整的故事。
Richieandherhusband,Pooh,decidedonvisitingCapeCod,abeautifulseatown,whichisaboutthreehoursdrivefromthecityofBoston.TheirdaughterwhothenlivedinSalemclosetoBostoninsistedthatshewouldpickthemup.Buttheywereconfidentoftheirsenseofdirectionandnotwantingtotroubleher,sotheyrefusedheroffer.Theydecidedtotaketheirjourneyintheirowncarandstartedearlyinthemorning.
Afterathree-hourdrive,theyarrivedinCapeCodandstartedtheirnewdiscoverywitharoadmapofthetownanditssuburbs.Sincethereweremanyplacestosee,ittookthemthewholedaytofinishtheirsightseeing.
Now,theywerevisitingasuburbwithshopssellinghandmadeitems.Richiewasmostinterestedinshopping,whilePoohwarnedhertofinishbeforeitstartedgettingdark.Theyweresoabsorbedintheirshoppingthattheyforgotaboutthetimeuntiltheshopsbegantoclose.
Theytookthesamerouteback.PoohhadaverygoodmemoryandakeensenseofdirectionandsoRichiejustblindlyfollowedhim,withoutknowingwheretheywereheadingto.Soontheyfoundthemselvesjustgoingroundinamaze,realizingtheygotlostontheway.
Theyhadtostopthecar,referredtotheirmap,andstartedagain.Aftersometime,theyrealizeditwasnousetryingandfindingtheirwayback.Theirmobilephoneshadbeendeadforhours,anditwasimpossibletocontacttheirdaughter.Havingnootheroption,theydecidedtoasksomeoneforhelp,butbeingaSunday,theroadswereempty,withnopeoplewalkingaroundorcarspassingby.Theyweregettingworriedandterrifiedwitheachpassingminute.ThedarknessandpanicfilledRichie'sheadwithhorriblethoughts"Wouldtheyberobbedorattacked?"Afterhoursofwaitingsilentlyinthedarkness,theydecidedtotryagain.
注意:
(1)續寫詞數應為150左右:
(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Poohturnedthekeyandtriedtostartthecar,butitwouldn'tmove.
______
Ontheedgeofdespair,theyheardthewhistleofacar.
______
答案和解析1.【答案】ental【解析】答案:mental.形容詞mental作定語修飾名詞health。故填:mental。
痛苦的經歷影響了她的身心健康。
考查首字母填空。準確地翻譯句子、理解句子,然后根據句意及提示完成句子,使句意更通順。
2~4.【答案】B、A、D【解析】(1)推理判斷題。由文章第二段"If
someone
in
my
family
were
in
Heather's
situation,I
would
want
somebody
to
step
up
and
help
me,"
said
Dempsey,who
phoned
the
hospital
and
immediately
started
the
testing.He
wasn't
sure
what
would
happen
to
Krueger
if
he
wasn't
a
match.(如果我家里有人遇到Heathe的情況,我希望有人站出來幫助我。他打電話給醫院,立即開始了檢測。他不確定如果不能配對,Krueger會怎么樣。)可知,Dempsey
決定幫助Krueger是出于對他人的關心和善意。故選B項。
(2)推理判斷題。由文章第二段But
a
few
weeks
later,the
tests
came
back.They
were
positive,and
Dempsey
was
happy
to
give
up
to
55%
of
his
liver
to
save
Krueger's
life.(但幾周后,檢測結果出來了。他們是陽性可配對的,Dempsey很高興放棄了高達55%的肝臟來挽救Krueger的生命。)可知,Dempsey是一個十分善良的人。故選A項。
(3)推理判斷題。由文章倒數第二段"She
didn't
look
like
a
person
who
was
sick.She
was
beautiful
,and
she
had
this
smile
on
her
face
the
entire.time.It
was
amazing
how
high
her
spirits
were."
(她看起來不像一個生病的人。她很漂亮,臉上一直掛著笑容。令人驚訝的是,她的情緒如此高漲。)可知,盡管面臨健康問題,Krueger始終保持著積極的生活態度。故選D項。
這篇文章講述了Chris
Dempsey如何聽到他的同事Heather
Krueger患有嚴重的肝病,然后主動進行肝移植手術,最終成功拯救了Krueger的生命。他們之間建立了深厚的友誼,并一起籌集資金支付Krueger的醫療費用。手術成功后,兩人都很快康復出院。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系,對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷;或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
5~8.【答案】B、D、D、C【解析】(1)詞句指代題。根據第一段Puffin
Books,the
publisher
of
UK
writer
Roald
Dahl's
classic
children's
books
like
Matilda
and
The
Witches,came
under
fire
in
February
due
to
their
choice
to
cut
out
hundreds
of
impolite
words
such
as
"fat"and"ugly"in
Roald
Dahl's
stories
to
make
them
more
acceptable
to
modern
readers.(今年2月,英國作家羅爾德?達爾的經典童書《瑪蒂爾達》和《女巫們》的出版商海芬圖書公司因在羅爾德?達爾的小說中刪去"胖"、"丑"等數百個不禮貌的詞匯,使其更容易被現代讀者接受而受到抨擊。)可知海雀圖書公司出版的RoaldDahl精選小說中刪除了數百個不禮貌的詞匯,結合畫線詞所在句句意"盡管出版商聲稱他們的目的是讓Dahl的書繼續為今天的所有人所欣賞,但許多人仍然對這種做法感到憤怒"可知,"thepractice(這種做法)"指上文提到的海雀圖書公司從RoaldDahl的故事中刪除了一些粗魯的詞語。故選B。
(2)推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段Ifwestarttochangeandadaptthegreatworksinsteadofallowingreaderstoreceiveandreacttobooksaswritten,weriskdestroyingthebeautythatliteratureoffers.(如果我們開始改變和改編偉大的作品,而不是讓讀者接受并對所寫的書做出反應,我們就有可能破壞文學所提供的美)可知,SuzanneNossel不同意改編偉大的作品,他認為它們應該原封不動地保存下來,故選D。
(3)推理判斷題。根據第四段Personally,Ibelieveintheintelligenceofchildrentoexploretheworldaroundthem.Itisthejobofteachers,parentsandthatotheradultguardianstohelpchildrenunderstandthatbooksareproductsoftheirtimesandthatauthors-eventhebestamongthem-arehumanbeingswiththeirownflaws(缺點).(就我個人而言,我相信孩子們探索周圍世界的智慧。教師、家長和其他成年監護人有責任幫助孩子們理解,書籍是他們所處時代的產物,而作者——即使是他們當中最優秀的作家——也是有其缺點的人)可知,作者認為孩子有探索事物的智慧,成年人應幫助他們理解書籍是時代的產物,即使是偉大的作者也有缺點,故作者反對改編Dahl的作品,故選D。
(4)標題歸納題。根據全文內容,第一段Puffin
Books,the
publisher
of
UK
writer
Roald
Dahl's
classic
children's
books
like
Matilda
and
The
Witches,came
under
fire
in
February
due
to
their
choice
to
cut
out
hundreds
of
impolite
words
such
as
"fat"and"ugly"in
Roald
Dahl's
stories
to
make
them
more
acceptable
to
modern
readers.(今年2月,英國作家羅爾德?達爾的經典童書《瑪蒂爾達》和《女巫們》的出版商海芬圖書公司因在羅爾德?達爾的小說中刪去"胖"、"丑"等數百個不禮貌的詞匯,使其更容易被現代讀者接受而受到抨擊。)提出文章的主題,海雀圖書公司從RoaldDahl的故事中刪除了一些粗魯的詞語,下文是對這一做法不同的態度,故C項"偉大的作品:要不要重寫"為最佳標題,故選C。
英國作家羅爾德?達爾的經典兒童圖書出版商Puffin
Books因剪輯達爾小說中的"肥胖"和"丑陋"等不禮貌詞匯而引發爭議。許多人對這種做法感到憤怒,認為文學作品應該被保留。兒童文學在塑造孩子的價值觀和文化觀方面具有重要作用,但是孩子們應該被賦予判斷和篩選閱讀材料的能力。在當前"假新聞"和虛假信息快速傳播的時代,這種能力比以往任何時候都更為重要。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系,對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷;或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
9~12.【答案】B、B、C、A【解析】(1)詞義猜測題。根據第一段劃線詞下文everytimeitsbeak(喙)hitswood.(它的喙每次敲擊木頭。)以及Whenyouseethesebirdshittingtheirheadsagainstatree,weashumansgetpuzzledwhytheydon'tgetheadachesorbraindamage.(當你看到這些鳥把頭撞到樹上時,我們人類會感到困惑,為什么它們不會頭痛或腦損傷。)可知,人類感到困惑,啄木鳥敲擊樹干時為什么不會頭痛或腦損傷,由此可知這是一個看似會造成傷害的行為,故catastrophic意為"造成損害的",A.Useful有用的;B.Harmful有害的;C.Unrelated無關的;D.Little小的。故選B。
(2)細節理解題。根據第二段The
video
s
showed
some
striking
details.For
example
"they
close
their
eyes
at
the
moment
they
hit
the
wood.(視頻顯示了一些驚人的細節。例如,'它們在撞到木頭的那一刻閉上了眼睛。)可知,視頻顯示啄木鳥啄樹干時閉上眼睛。故選B。
(3)推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段Yetthewoodpeckerbrainappearedunharmed,evenafterthousandsofimpactsinasingleday.Thisispossiblebecauseofitssmallsizeandweight.(然而啄木鳥的大腦似乎沒有受到傷害,即使在一天內受到數千次撞擊。這是可能的,因為它的體積和重量小。)可知,根據VanWassenbergh的說法,啄木鳥大腦微小的尺寸和重量保護其不受損傷。故選C。
(4)段落大意題。根據最后一段Thatideawassuggestedin2006byLornaGibson,aprofessoratMIT.Now,ithasbeenconfirmedbythehigh-speedvideo.(這個想法是由麻省理工學院教授LornaGibson在2006年提出的。現在,高速視頻已經證實了這一點。)可知,最后一段主要講述VanWassenbergh的視頻證實了LornaGibson的理論,故選A。
本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了啄木鳥的頭部結構,它們每次啄木時頭部都會受到強烈的沖擊,但它們的頭部卻不會受傷。之前的科學家認為啄木鳥的喙或頭部內部的某些物質可以緩沖沖擊,但研究者Sam
Van
Wassenbergh認為不是這樣。他帶領團隊使用高速攝影記錄了啄木鳥啄木的過程,發現它們會在啄木時閉上眼睛,以保護眼睛不受木屑傷害。
做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析,結合選項選出正確答案。
13~17.【答案】F、A、C、D、G【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據本段小標題Rely
on
otherpeople(依賴其他人)和上文Studies
of
both
animals
and
humans
show
that
social
contact
can
help
you
better
respond
to
stress.(對動物和人類的研究表明,社會接觸可以幫助你更好地應對壓力)可知,和別人接觸能幫助你更好地應對壓力,空處應是說因此要多接觸別人,F項"因此,建立一個你可以求助的人際網絡,并尋求一些有用的建議"符合語境,和上文形成因果關系,故選F。
(2)標題判斷題。根據本段內容Leave
the
house
15
minutes
early
for
appointments,set
up
a
system
for
paying
your
bills,refill
your
daily
supplies
a
week
ahead
of
time
and
buy
birthday
cards
whenever
you
see
ones
you
like.A
little
advance
planning
can
spare
you
a
lot
of
headaches!(提前15分鐘出門赴約,建立一個支付賬單的系統,提前一周補充日常用品,看到喜歡的生日賀卡就買。一點點提前計劃可以讓你省去很多麻煩)可知,本段主要講述將計劃提前一些能省去很多麻煩,故A項"避免最后一分鐘的匆忙"適合作為小標題,故選A。
(3)細節理解題。根據上文While
writing
them
down,include
everything
that
stresses
you,so
you
can
start
to
recognize
what
your
problems
are
and
take
appropriate
action.(在寫下它們的時候,包括所有給你帶來壓力的事情,這樣你就可以開始認識到你的問題是什么,并采取適當的行動)提到寫日記的好處,分析選項,C項"寫作也是一種放松和整理事物的好方法"進一步描述寫日記的好處,故選C。
(4)推理判斷題。根據下文For
example,hire
a
neighbourhood
teenager
to
water
your
garden
or
skip
cooking
and
order
takeaway.(例如,雇一個鄰居家的少年給你的花園澆水,或者不做飯而叫外賣)"是對空處內容舉例說明,故空處是關于讓別人幫忙完成任務,D項"如果你不能減少某些任務,試著讓別人來做"符合語境,故選D。
(5)細節理解題。根據下文Laughter
also
helps
keep
your
heart,lungs
and
muscles
healthy
and
build
up
your
resistance
(抵抗力).(笑還有助于保持你的心臟、肺和肌肉的健康,增強你的抵抗力)中的"also"一詞可知,空處也是描述笑的好處,G項"當你笑的時候,你會向大腦發送一種叫做內啡肽的化學物質,它可以緩解疼痛,促進你的幸福感"符合語境,故選G。
這是一篇說明文,文章主要介紹了減輕壓力的一些方法。
七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀,和完形填空很類似,不同的是一個選詞,一個選句子。解題時,要注意上下文語境,充分考慮信息詞(選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞),選出最符合語境的句子。
18~32.【答案】A、C、B、B、D、A、C、B、D、A、D、C、A、B、C【解析】(1)考查副詞及語境理解。A.smoothly順利地;B.carefully仔細地;C.deeply
深深地;D.quickly快速地。句意:起初,一切都很順利:我通過了試音,甚至被邀請加入更挑剔的室內樂歌手。根據后文"Ipassedtheaudition(試音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers"可知,起初一切進展順利,故選A。
(2)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.scared害怕的;B.determined堅定的;C.frustrated沮喪的;D.absorbed全神貫注的。句意:然而,幾次排練后,我很快就感到沮喪:從笑話到樂理,我根本聽不懂他們在說什么!根據轉折副詞"However"和下文"Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn'tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!"可知,作者聽不懂別人說的什么,故感到沮喪,故選C。
(3)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.lookedout當心,向外看;B.pointedout指出;C.figuredout解決,想出;D.turnedout結果是,原來是。句意:當我指出別人的音高錯誤時,他們似乎不愿意接受。根據下文"theyseemedunwillingtoaccept"可知,當作者指出錯誤時,他們似乎不愿意接受,故選B。
(4)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.normal正常的;B.incorrect不正確的;C.perfect完美的;D.regular定期的。句意:我保持沉默,即使我知道音調是錯誤的。根據上文"mistakes"可知,此處指音高是錯誤的,故選B。
(5)考查動詞及語境理解。A.pushed推;B.pressed按,壓;C.selected選擇;D.drew拉動,拖動。句意:去年的新年音樂會讓我走出了困境。drawsboutof將某人從……處拉出來,故選D。
(6)考查固定短語及語境理解。A.satisfiedwith滿足于;B.keenon喜愛;C.familiarwith熟悉;D.eagerfor渴望。句意:當我們唱著"活著就是付出"的歌詞時,我想:"我怎么能滿足于僅僅做一個沉默的亞洲人呢?"根據下文"Istartedmyplan."可知,作者認為自己不應滿足于只做一個沉默的人,故選A。
(7)考查名詞及語境理解。A.audition試音;B.joke玩笑;C.concert音樂會;D.rehearsal排練。句意:音樂會結束后不久,我開始了我的計劃。此處指上文提到的"NewYearConcert",故選C。
(8)考查動詞及語境理解。A.hoped希望;B.managed設法做到;C.refused拒絕;D.failed失敗。句意:在我的第二個學期,我成功地加入了所有的對話,并開始用我的識別音高的能力幫助其他歌手。根據下文"startedtohelpfellowsingers"可知,作者成功和其他人打成一片,managetodosth設法做成某事,故選B。
(9)考查介詞及語境理解。A.by通過;B.to朝;C.on在……上面;D.in在……里面,在……方面。句意:在我的第二個學期,我成功地加入了所有的對話,并開始用我的識別音高的能力幫助其他歌手。abilitiesin指"某方面的能力",固定搭配,故選D。
(10)考查連詞及語境理解。A.when當……時;B.while在……期間;C.before在……之前;D.unless除非。句意:我對要幫助別人的內容感到應接不暇,當更多的合唱團成員來找我閑聊時,我感到很興奮。用when引導時間狀語從句,while引導時間狀語從句時從句用延續性動詞,came是短暫性動詞,故選A。
(11)考查動詞及語境理解。A.respected尊重;B.postponed推遲,延期;C.attached粘貼,依附;D.appointed任命,安排。句意:從3月到5月,我被任命為四首不同歌曲的獨奏者,這對大一學生來說是一個不同尋常的成就。根據下文"soloist(獨唱者)forfourdifferentsongs"可知,作者被任命為四首不同歌曲的獨奏者,故選D。
(12)考查名詞及語境理解。A.feature
特點;B.hobby興趣;C.achievement成就;D.request要求。句意:從3月到5月,我被任命為四首不同歌曲的獨奏者,這對大一學生來說是一個不同尋常的成就。故選C。
(13)考查動詞及語境理解。A.performed表演;B.desired渴望;C.lacked缺乏;D.ignored忽視。句意:其中,我最喜歡的是一首西班牙民歌,是我們在合唱團春季巡回馬德里演出時演奏的。根據前文的"song"和空后"duringthechoir'sspringtourtoMadrid"可知,此處指合唱團去馬德里春季巡回演出時表演的歌曲,指故選A。
(14)考查動詞及語境理解。A.launch發射,發起;B.serve服務,擔任;C.assume假設,認為;D.announce宣布。句意:一個中國學生在美國唱詩班里唱著一首西班牙歌——我為自己擔任跨文化交流大使感到多么自豪!根據空后"asanambassadorofcross-culturalcommunication"可知,此處指擔任跨文化交流大使,故選B。
(15)考查名詞及語境理解。A.patience耐心;B.independence獨立;C.peace和平;D.pride自豪。句意:當觀眾為我們鼓掌時,我看到了一個充滿理解、和平和愛的更美好的世界。上文提到作者為擔任跨文化交流大使感到自豪,結合本句中"abetterworld"可知,此處指一個充滿理解、和平和愛的更美好的世界,故選C。
這是一篇記敘文,文章主要講述作者去美國上大學的經歷,作者在音樂方面很有天賦,加入校合唱團后,由最初的沮喪到最后用自己的實力獲得了不同尋常的成就,為自己擔任跨文化交流大使感到非常自豪。
近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化,試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬,綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格,所以,必須先通讀一至兩遍,才能大概了解文章的內容。千萬不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。選擇答案時,要考慮整個句子的內容,包括搭配、時態、語法等。答案全填完后,再通讀一遍文章,檢查是否通順流暢,用詞得當,意思正確。
33.【答案】hasmade【解析】(1)考查動詞時態及主謂一致。句意:在過去的十年里,中國在太空探索方面取得了令人矚目的成就。時間狀語為over
the
past
decade,句子用現在完成時,主語為The
country,助動詞用has,故填hasmade。
(2)考查不可數名詞。句意:在過去的十年里,中國在太空探索方面取得了令人矚目的成就。此處用名詞作介詞in的賓語,表示"探索",為不可數名詞,故填exploration。
(3)考查動詞時態、語態及主謂一致。句意:天宮空間站于2022年底建成。時間狀語為at
the
end
of
2022,句子用一般過去時,主語為The
Tiangong
space
station,且與complete之間是被動關系,故填wascompleted。
(4)考查冠詞。句意:它有三個主要部分:一個核心艙和兩個科學實驗室艙,通常由三名宇航員組成。結合句意可知,此處表示泛指,故用不定冠詞,core為輔音音素開頭的單詞,故填a。
(5)考查可數名詞的復數。句意:它有三個主要部分:一個核心艙和兩個科學實驗室艙,通常由三名宇航員組成。空前有three修飾,故用名詞的復數形式,故填astronauts。
(6)考查最高級。句意:在月球探測方面,自2007年以來,中國已經向離地球最近的鄰居發射了五個機器人探測器。結合句意和the可知,此處用最高級,表示"最近的",故填nearest。
(7)考查定語從句。句意:它的月球車"玉兔2號"已經在那里工作了近1600天,成為世界上運行時間最長的月球車。此處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為the
Yutu
2,在從句中作主語,故填which。
(8)考查介詞。句意:最近的一次任務是嫦娥五號,于2020年12月著陸,返回時攜帶了1731克月球巖石和土壤。with表示"伴隨,攜帶",符合句意,故填with。
(9)考查動名詞。句意:此外,天問一號任務于2020年7月發射,在2021年2月進入火星軌道之前,飛行了超過4.7億公里。此處用動名詞作介詞before的賓語,
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