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Unit5PackagingText1IntroductionofPackagingDialogue1PackingofSilkStockingText2FunctionsofPackagingDialogue2thePackagingofBeerText1IntroductionofPackaging【Para1】TheroleofPackaging(包裝的重要性)
Packagingpreparesgoodsfortransport,distribution,storage,sale,anduse.Thankstopackagingitispossibleforproductstobeavailableanytimeanywherethatgivestheconsumeragreatfreedomofchoice.Oneofitsbasicpurposesofpackingistoprotectthecontents.Thisisimportantbecausetheitemhavetowithstandalotofhandlingbetweenthefactoryandtheconsumer.Text1IntroductionofPackaging
Asecondpurposeistomakeitemlookappealingtothebuyer,especiallythroughtheuseofappealingcolors.Inrecentyears,thesignificanceofpackinghasbeenincreasinglyrecognized,andtodaythewidespreaduseofpackingistrulyamajorcompetitiveforceinthestruggleformarkets.Soundpackingwillhelppromotethesales,whilebadorinsufficientpackingaffectssales.Inpractice,peopleareoftenconfusedwiththesewords:package,packagingandpacking.Text1IntroductionofPackaging【Para2】Package(包裝)
Aprimarypackageprovidesmeansofprotectionandhandlingtoaproduct.Generaltermforthetotalofthemeansandproceduresisappliedbythepackagingeconomytofulfillthetaskofpackaging.Manyterms:i.e.acknowledgedpackage,permanentpackage,one-waypackage,exportpackage,customarypackage,consumerpackage,storagepackage,multi-waypackage,multiusepackage,standardpackage,sea-worthypackage,transportpackage.Text1IntroductionofPackaging【Para3】Packaging(包裝方法)
Packagingisthetechniqueofpreparinggoodsfordistribution.Creationofapackorapackagingunitbycombinationofproductwiththepackage,applyingmethodsofpackagingusingpackagingmachinesordevicesbyhand.Tomostpeoplepackagingmeansthecarton,bag,jar,canetc.,whichenableaproducttobehandledandused.Text1IntroductionofPackaging【Para4】Packing(包裝)
Packing,theselectionorconstructionoftheshippingcontainerandtheassemblingofitemsorpackagestherein,includesanynecessaryblocking,bracing,orcushioning,weatherproofing,exteriorstrapping,andmarkingofshippingcontainerforidentificationofcontents.Text1IntroductionofPackaging【Para5】TypesofPackaging(包裝類型)
Therearetwobasickindsofpackages:theconsumerpackageandtheindustrialpackage.Theconsumerpackageisalsoreferredtoastheinterior,ormarketingpackage,becauseitiswhatthecustomerseeswhentheproductisontheshelf.Itisdesignedtoappealtoandinformthefinalcustomer.Text1IntroductionofPackagingTheindustrialpackageisalsoknownastheexteriorpackage,andisprimarilyalogisticsresponsibility.Thispackageisdiscardedbeforetheproductsareplacedontheshelf,socustomermayneverseethismaterial.Text1IntroductionofPackagingNewWordsandPhraseswithstandv.抵抗,經受住appealingadj.吸引人的significancen.意義,重要性widespreadadj.分布廣泛的,普遍的insufficientadj.不足的,不夠的confusev.搞亂,使糊涂Text1IntroductionofPackagingproceduren.程序,手續fulfillv.履行,實現,完成
(計劃等)combinationn.
結合,聯合,合并,
化合物thereinadv.在那里,在其中,在那一點上weatherproofadj.
防風雨的,抗風化的identificationn.辨認,鑒定,證明,
視為同一Text1IntroductionofPackaginginterioradj.內部的,內的exterioradj.外部的,外在的,
表面的discardv.丟棄,拋棄Text1IntroductionofPackagingNotes1.Thankstopackagingitispossibleforproductstobeavailableanytimeanywherethatgivestheconsumeragreatfreedomofchoice.
由于包裝的存在,使得產品能在任何時候和任何地方都可得到,這給消費者極大的自由選擇。Text1IntroductionofPackaging2.Inrecentyears,thesignificanceofpackinghasbeenincreasinglyrecognized,andtodaythewidespreaduseofpackingistrulyamajorcompetitiveforceinthestruggleformarkets.
近年來,包裝的重要性逐漸被認可,今天,廣泛使用的包裝已成為產品市場競爭的主要競爭點。Text1IntroductionofPackaging3.Generaltermforthetotalofthemeansandproceduresisappliedbythepackagingeconomytofulfillthetaskofpackaging.
所有有關包裝方法和程序的一般術語都被應用于包裝作業中。Text1IntroductionofPackaging4.Packagingisthetechniqueofpreparinggoodsfordistribution.Creationofapackorapackagingunitbycombinationofproductwiththepackage,applyingmethodsofpackagingusingpackagingmachinesordevicesbyhand.
包裝是為貨物配送準備貨物的技術,就是應用手工或機器的包裝方法,通過貨物包裝把貨物合并處理成一個包裹或一個包裝單位。Text1IntroductionofPackaging5.Packing,theselectionorconstructionoftheshippingcontainerandtheassemblingofitemsorpackagestherein,includinganynecessaryblocking,bracing,orcushioning,weatherproofing,exteriorstrapping,andmarkingofshippingcontainerforidentificationofcontents.
包裝就是選擇或構建貨運包裝并在其中裝上所需運輸的貨物,包括任何必需的分隔、支撐或緩沖材料以及外部捆綁材料,并在貨運包裝上標明所運送的貨物。Dialogue1PackingofSilkStocking(Mr.SmithabusinessmanfromAmerica,istalkingaboutthesubjectofpackagingwithMr.Lin,themarketingmanagerofacompanyinChina.)Smith:Whatareyourconditions,Mr.Lin,asfaraspackagingisconcerned?Lin:Well,asyouknow,wehavedefinitewaysofpackingsilkstockingsforseashipment.Asarule,weusepolythenewrapperforeacharticle,allreadyforshelfselling.Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingSmith:Good.Awrappingthatcatchestheeyewillcertainlyhelppushsales.Withkeencompetitionfromsimilarsilkstockingproducers,themerchandisemustnotonlybeofnicequality,butalsolookattractive.Lin:Right.We'llseetoitthatthesilkstockingsappealtotheeyeaswellastothepurse.Smith:Whatabouttheouterpacking?Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingLin:Wewillpackthemsixsilkstockingseachwithadifferentcolorinabox,tenboxesinacarton.Smith:Canyouusewoodencasesinstead?Lin:Whywoodencases?Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingSmith:I'mafraidthecardboardboxesarenotstrongenoughforseatransportation.Lin:Noneedtoworryaboutthat.Thecartonsarelinedwithwaterproofplasticsheets,andasthecartonsaremadeofcardboard,theyshallbehandledwithcare.Smith:Ok,butIamconcernedthatincaseofdamageorpilferage,theinsurancecompanywillrefusecompensationonthegroundofimproperpacking,orpackingunsuitableforseavoyage.Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingLin:Well,wewillusewoodencasesifyouinsist,butthechargeforthatkindofpackingwillbeconsiderablyhigher,anditalsoslowsdowndelivery.Smith:Then,Iwillcablehomeimmediatelyforinstructiononthematter.Lin:Pleasedo.Iwillbewaitingforyoursoonestreply.Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingSmith:Iwillcallyouuptomorrow.Good-bye,Mr.Lin.Lin:Good-bye,Mr.Smith.Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingNewWordsandPhrasespolythenen.聚乙烯wrappern.
包裝材料,包裝紙keenadj.強烈的,熱心的,渴
望的competitionn.競爭attractiveadj.吸引人的,有魅力的cardboardn.紙板Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingwaterproofadj.防水的pilferagen.
行竊,偷盜insurancen.保險,保險單,保險
業,保險費compensationn.補償,賠償voyagen.
航程,航空silkstocking絲襪Dialogue1PackingofSilkStockingNotes1.Withkeencompetitionfromsimilarsilkstockingproducers,themerchandisemustnotonlybeofnicequality,butalsolookattractive.
絲襪市場的激烈競爭要求商品不僅要有好的質量,而且包裝要有吸引力。Dialogue1PackingofSilkStocking2.Thecartonsarelinedwithwaterproofplasticsheets,andasthecartonsaremadeofcardboard,theyshallbehandledwithcare.
紙箱都內襯防水的塑料布,而且一般他們在處理紙箱時,都會相當小心的。Dialogue1PackingofSilkStocking
Tips:1.Howareyougoingtopackourorder?2.Forthiskindofproductweexport,eachitemisindividuallypackedin...3.…arepackedinapapercartonbeforeshipping.4.I'mafraidthepapercartonsarenotstrongenoughfor....5.We’vegotanexcellentrecordonmakingdeliveriestoourcustomers.Dialogue1PackingofSilkStocking6.Allourcartonsarelinedwithshockproofcardboardsandarewrappedupwithpolyethylenesheets.7.Iwillcablehomeimmediatelyforinstructiononthematter.8.I’llbewaitingforyourreply.Exercise消費包裝________packaging工業包裝________packaging綜合物流________logistics勞動效率labor_________目的港portof__________射頻識別RadioFrequency__________裝運認證________verification通用產品代碼Universal____________ExerciseWarehousesanddistributioncenterswouldbelessefficientiftransportpackageslackedlabelsorcarriedincompletedetails.
如果運輸包裝上沒有標簽或標簽的細節信息不完整,倉庫和配送中心的工作效率就會受到影響。
2.Packagingtakesthegoodsprotectionsfromdamageinthewarehouseoronthewayoftransportationandkeepssecurityfromtamperingorcontaminationbyotherproducts,orshieldingfromweather.
包裝為倉庫中和路上運輸中的貨物免受損壞提供了保護,也使貨物免受其他貨物的影響和污染,同時防止貨物受天氣的影響。
Exercise3.Today,improvedprotectivepackagingsystemsallowformoreefficienttransportation.Forexample,lessspaceandmorecontentmeansfewertrucksontheroads.如今,改進的保護性包裝系統保證了更有效的運輸,比如,更少的空間及更多的容量意味著在旅途中使用更少的卡車。
4.Goodpackaginginterfaceswellwiththeorganization’smaterialshandlingequipmentandallowefficientutilizationofstoragespaceaswellastransportationcubeandweightconstraints.好的包裝能與企業的物資搬運設備匹配,有助于更有效的利用倉儲空間和運輸空間以及符合重量限制。Text2FunctionsofPackagingWhentransportationgoodsfromsourcetocustomer,packagingisanessentialfeatureoftheproductandtheformthistakesisoftenconsideredapartofthelogisticsprocess.Industrialpackagingshouldperformthefollowingfunctiontomeetintegratedlogisticsrequirements.Morespecifically,packagingperformsfourfunctions.Text2FunctionsofPackaging【Para1】Containment(包裝商品)
Productsmustbecontainedbeforetheycanbemovedfromoneplacetoanother.Tofunctionsuccessfully,thepackagemustcontaintheproduct.Ifthepackagebreaksopen,theitemcanbedamagedorlost,orevencauseenvironmentalpollution.Text2FunctionsofPackaging【Para2】Protection(保護商品)
Packagingplaysavitalroleinprotectingproductsastheygofromthemanufacturertotheconsumer.Packagingisdesignedtoensurethattheproductreachestheconsumeringoodcondition.Itshouldprotectthegoodsfromdamageduringhandling,storingandtransportation.Damagescausedbyvibration,impact,punctureorcompressioncanhappenwheneverapackageisbeingtransported.Hence,packagedesignandmaterialmustcombinetoachievethedesiredlevelofprotection.Text2FunctionsofPackaging【Para3】ImprovingtheLogisticsEfficiency(提高物流效率)
Packagingplaysasignificantrolewithinlogisticsanditsoptimaldesignisimportantfortheefficientfunctioningofthewholelogisticssystem.Text2FunctionsofPackagingPackagingaffectsnotonlymarketingandproductionbutalsointegratedlogisticsactivities.Forexample,thesize,shapeandtypeofpackagingmaterialinfluencethetypeandamountofmaterialhandlingequipment.Likewise,packageandsizeandshapeaffectloading,unloadingandthetransportingofaproduct.Theeasieritistohandleaproduct,thelowerthetransportationrate.Therefore,ifthepackageisdesignedforefficientlogisticalprocessing,overallsystemperformancewillbenefit.Text2FunctionsofPackaging【Para4】Communication(信息傳遞)
Theimportantlogisticalpackagingfunctioniscommunicationorinformationtransfer.Theinformationcontainedonthepackagetellstheconsumerwhattheproductisandhowtouseit.Theinformationprovidedonpackagingallowstheconsumertodecisionsontheproduct’spurchaseanduse.Text2FunctionsofPackagingApackagemustprotectwhatitsellsandsellwhatitprotects.Modernmethodsofconsumermarketingwouldfailwereitnotforthemessagescommunicatedonthepackage.Itisnotonlythesalespackagethatmustcommunicate.Warehousesanddistributioncenterswouldbelessefficientiftransportpackageslackedlabelsorcarriedincompletedetails.Wheninternationaltradeisinvolvedanddifferentlanguagesarespoken,theuseofclear,readilyunderstoodsymbolsonthetransportisessential.Text2FunctionsofPackagingToidentifypackagecontentsofreceivingandshippingisthemostobviouscommunicationroleofpackaging.Typicalinformationincludesmanufacturer,product,containertypeandcount.Thecommunicationroleoflogisticspackagingistoprovideinstructionofhowtopreventpossibledamage.Text2FunctionsofPackagingNewWordsandPhrasesfunctionn.
功能,職責sourcen.來源,出發地performv.履行,完成integratedadj.整體的,綜合的,完
全的requirementn.
需要,需求specificallyadv.特別地,具體地,明
確地Text2FunctionsofPackagingcontainmentn.包含,包括,容納manufacturern.制造商,生產商consumern.消費者,用戶vibrationn.
振動,動搖impactn.沖擊,擠壓,壓緊puncturen.
刺穿,穿孔compressionn.壓縮,壓制combinev.使結合,綜合,整合optimaladj.最佳的,理想的Text2FunctionsofPackaginginfluencev.
影響,改變lackv.缺乏,不足labeln.
標簽identifyv.
識別,確認containern.
集裝箱,容器distributioncenter配送中心Text2FunctionsofPackagingNotes1.Industrialpackagingshouldperformthefollowingfunctiontomeetintegratedlogisticsrequirements.
工業包裝通過履行特定功能來滿足物流整合的需求。Text2FunctionsofPackaging2.Ifthepackagebreaksopen,theitemcanbedamagedorlost,orevencauseenvironmentalpollution.
如果包裝破裂,商品可能會損壞、丟失、甚至造成環境污染。3.Itshouldprotectthegoodsfromdamageduringhandling,storingandtransportation.
在貨物搬運、儲存和運輸過程中,包裝可以保護貨物不受損壞。Text2FunctionsofPackaging4.Hence,packagedesignandmaterialmustcombinetoachievethedesiredlevelofprotection.
因此必須綜合利用包裝設計和原材料兩方面,以此實現滿意的保護水平。5.Packagingaffectsnotonlymarketingandproductionbutalsointegratedlogisticsactivities.
包裝不僅影響市場銷售和產品而且影響物流活動的整合。Text2FunctionsofPackaging6.Theeasieritistohandleaproduct,thelowerthetransportationrate.
貨物處理越容易,運輸費用就越低。7.Modernmethodsofconsumermarketingwouldfailwereitnotforthemessagescommunicatedonthepackage.
如果包裝上沒有相關信息,現代的營銷手段將不起作用。Text2FunctionsofPackaging8.Warehousesanddistributioncenterswouldbelessefficientiftransportpackageslackedlabelsorcarriedincompletedetails.
如果運輸包裝上沒有標簽或標簽上的細節信息不完整,倉庫和配送中心的工作效率就會受影響。Dialogue2thePackagingofBeer(Mr.LinisamarketingmanagerofTsingtaoBreweryGroupinChina.PeterisabusinessmanfromEuropeanUnion.NowMr.LinisdiscussingthepackagingofBeerwithPeter)Peter:Mr.Lin,I’mverygladwe’vesettledthetermsforthetransactionof500casesofTsingtaoBeeringeneral,andIwouldliketoknowwhat’syourpackingfortransportation.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerLin:Asarule,whenpackingthesesmallbottlesofbeer,wepackthemsixbottlesinonecarton,andfourcartonsinonebox.Besides,alltheseboxesshouldbelinedwithshockproofcardboardfrominsideandreinforcedwithstrapsfromoutside.Peter:That’sok.ButIstillwanttodiscussthematterofpackingthebeer.Willyouhearmycomments?Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerLin:Certainly.Wewarmlywelcomeyourcommentsandsuggestions.Peter:Yourpresentpackingisinglassbottlesoftwosizes–largeandsmall.Onelargebottlesistoomuchforanordinarypersontoconsumeatonetime,whilethesmallsizeseemsjustright.Lin:Thiscommentofyoursisverygood.Weshouldconsiderthenormalquantitythatanordinarypersonconsumesatonetime,whenwedecideonthesizeofthebeerbottle.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerPeter:Idon’tthinkglass-bottlesarepopularnowadaysforliquids.Theshortcomingsareobvious:first,theyareeasilybrokenintransiteventhoughyouput24bottlesinawell-linedbox;second,glass-bottlesaretooheavyanditwouldincreasethecostoffreight;third,itisnotconvenienttoconsumethebeerpackedinbottlesbecauseyouhavetouseabottle-openertoopenthem.Lin:Yes,alltheseshortcomingexistasamatteroffact.Doyouhaveanygoodideas?Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerPeter:Liquidsarenowpackedintins,whichhavebeengainingpopularityontheworldmarket.Manyleadingcompaniesofbeverage,suchasCocaCola,theypacktheirliquidsintins.Ithinkyoucouldusesimilarpackingandincorporateanopeneronthetopofeachtin.Lin:Asfarasyouknow,whenwepackourexportliquidsintins,itwillgreatlyincreasethecostofpacking.Nowwearemakingeffortstoreducetheproductioncostoftins.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerPeter:Icanunderstandthat.ButIhopethatyouwillspeedupyoureffortsinthatdirection.InfactI’vealreadyseensomegoodresults.Lin:Isthatso?What’sthat?Peter:AtthelastGuangzhouFair,Itastedblackteaready-made,andpackedinpapercartons.Thatpackingwouldgreatlyreducethecostofthegoods.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerLin:Thepapertinscanonlybeusedtopackliquidsliketeaandmilk,butnotbeerperhaps,becausethereissomegasaswellasthepressurefrominsideofthecontainerwhenthecontainerisopened.So,I’mafraidpapertinscannotstandthepressure.Peter:Youareright.YouseeI’veforgottenthedifferencebetweenbeerandsoftdrinks.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerLin:Yourthoughtsareveryhelpful.I’lltransferyourvaluableproposalsmentionedtodaytoourproductiondepartmentforstudysoastoimproveourpacking.Thankyouverymuch.Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerNewWordsandPhrasesbeern.
啤酒TsingtaoBreweryGroup青島啤酒集團transportationn.
運輸,運送reinforcev.加強,增援,加固strap
n.帶,皮帶liquidn.液體,流體shortcomingn.
缺點,短處Dialogue2thePackagingofBeertransitn.搬運,運輸,運輸線bottle-opener啟瓶器beveragen.飲料CocaCola可口可樂incorporatev.(使)合并,并入,合
編GuangzhouFair廣州商品交易會Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerNotes1.Asarule,whenpackingthesesmallbottlesofbeer,wepackthemsixbottlesinonecarton,andfourcartonsinonebox.Besides,alltheseboxesshouldbelinedwithshockproofcardboardfrominsideandreinforcedwithstrapsfromoutside.
一般來說,我們在包裝這些小瓶啤酒時,6瓶為一盒,4盒裝一箱。并且,這些箱子都需要里面內襯防震板,外加加固條。Dialogue2thePackagingofBeer2.Idon’tthinkglass-bottlesarepopularnowadaysforliquids.Theshortcomingsareobvious:first,theyareeasilybrokenintransiteventhoughyouput24bottlesinawell-linedbox;second,glass-bottlesaretooheavyanditwouldincreasethecostoffreight;third,itisnotconvenienttoconsumethebeerpackedinbottlesbecauseyouhavetouseabottle-openertoopenthem.
我認為現在用玻璃瓶子裝飲料已不太時興,其缺陷是很明顯的:第一,運輸途中易破,即使你在紙箱里裝上24瓶,襯墊得很好,也會是這樣;第二,玻璃太重,這必然增加運費;第三,酒裝在瓶子中喝起來不方便,因為你得用一把啟瓶器來開瓶蓋子。Dialogue2thePackagingofBeer3.Thepapertinscanonlybeusedtopackliquidsliketeaandmilk,butnotbeerperhaps,becausethereissomegasaswellasthepressurefrominsideofthecontainerwhenthecontainerisopened.So,I’mafraidpapertinscannotstandthepressure.
紙質罐頭殼只能用于茶、牛奶之類的飲料,恐怕對啤酒不太合適,因為啤酒打開后要出現氣體,從容器內部就產生壓力,紙質殼子恐怕經受不住吧?Dialogue2thePackagingofBeer
Tips:1.Wehavedefinitewaysofpacking…2.Astosilkblouses,weuse…,allreadyforwindowdisplay.3.Ihopethepackingwillbe….4.Wehavehereasamplepacking…5.DoyoumindifIgiveyoualittlesuggestion?.6.Yourpackingneedsimprovement.Imean...7.Yoursuggestiononpackingiswelcomeaswell.8.What’syourouterpacking?.9.Cardboardboxesarelighttohandleandlessexpensivewhilewoodencasesareclumsyandcostmore.Exercise1.運輸標志包含了識別標志、識別號碼、托運商品的總數,還有到貨地點和港口等。Shippingmarkcontainsidentificationmark,identificationnumber,andtotalnumberofitemsinthecompleteconsignment,andalsotheplaceandportofdestination.2.最佳的包裝會提高服務質量,減少成本,改善物資搬運水平。Thebestpackageincreasesservice,decreasescost,andimproveshandling.Exercise3.包裝不僅影響銷售和生產而且影響整合物流的其他環節。
Packagingaffectsnotonlymarketingandproductionbutalsomanyotherintegratedlogisticsactivities.4.
包裝為客戶提供了產品的信息,通過使用各種造型和色彩的包裝對產品會產生促銷作用。Packagingprovidescustomerswithinformationabouttheproductandpromotestheproductthroughtheuseofcolorandshape.ExerciseCaseStudy1:包裝Tom:最近怎么樣,Bill?Bill:我現在還好,正在忙我的包裝生意。Tom:最近,包裝越來越吸引消費者,這肯定將有助于推動銷售,所以你應該注意我的商品的包裝。Bill:是的,這是真的,作為這一領域的經理,我知道包裝意味著什么。面對來自生產相同毛巾廠家的劇烈競爭,不能只靠質量,而且還要漂亮。Tom:對。我們會注意使這些毛巾既美觀,價格又有吸引力。Bill:我們開始包裝我們的產品了。Tom:外包裝怎么樣?ExerciseBill:我們會在一個盒子里裝6條不同顏色的毛巾,10盒裝一紙箱。Tom:你能否用木箱?Bill:為什么用木箱?Tom:我恐怕紙板盒裝不利于海上運輸。Bill:不必擔心這一點。紙箱內襯有防水塑料布,而且由于紙箱是硬紙板的,所以在搬運的時候會小心處理。Tom:好的,但是我關心的是,在發生損害或者失竊,保險公司將拒絕賠償的不當包裝或不適合海上航程的包裝。Bill:恩,如果你堅持,我們將用木箱,但這種收費的包裝將是相當高的,也放慢了運輸。Tom:那么,我立即發電報回去,要求此事給予最終確認。Bill:好的,我等你的回復。ExerciseCaseStudy2:選擇包裝的類型Jenny:我研究了10個備選方案,現在我已經縮小到兩個可能性,我簡稱為A型和B型。A型接近現行系統。Tom:那么使用他們的成本如何呢?Jenny:根據我的研究,處理這兩種類型的容器的費用與目前在我們的配送中心所使用的是相同的。價格上B型高于A型。每個B容器只能用8次,而A型能用10次。Tom:讓我看看。如果我們要降低生產成本,我們最好選擇A型。Dialogue2thePackagingofBeerSupplementaryReadingDevelopmentofPackagingPriortoWorldWarII,packagingwasusedprimarilytosurroundandprotectproductsduringstorage,transportation,anddistribution.Somepackagesweredesignedwithaest
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