2015 —閱讀理解精講（理工類 理工A級第47Listeningto 鳥鳴 vt.強調,突出,highlighttheimportancehighlighttheproblem反映問題pickoutsthasanimportantpart;throwattentiononto;payattentioncometo givethegreenlighttosb finchn.雀科鳴鳥chirpv.（鳥）鳴zebrafinch:斑胸草

perkv.使振作，使活躍 chirpaway嘰喳而away有continuously和steadily的意思(chataway)perk 活躍起來，振作(cheerhigh-pitched聲調高的，聲 WhatdoesthefirstparagraphsayaboutzebraMalezebrafinchesliketosingtofemalezebraMalezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemalezebraMalezebrafincheschangetheirsongsinfemalezebraMalezebrafinchesliketolistentofemalezebrafinches Amalezebrafinchchirpsawaytohimself.Suddenlyhenoticesafemalebird,nearby:Herealizeshehasanaudienceandimmediaychangeshissong.Canthefemalelthedifferenceinhisperformance?Accordingtoanewstudy,thefemalezebrafinchknows.Andsheprefersthespecialtrillshecreateswhenhesingstoher.Amalezebrafinchchangeshissongwhensingingtoafemaleinwaysthatpeoplecanbarelydetect.Butthefemalefinchcanlthedifference. WhatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebraFemalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforFemalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirFemalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothFemalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheir 5.Femalebirdswereplacedbetweenthetwospeakers.Someofthebirdshadmates,othersdidn't.Thefemalesshiftedaroundabit,andthenmostofthemhoppedovertositbesidejustonespeaker.Allthebirdsthatmadeaclearchoicelikedsongsmeantforafemaleaudience,evenifthey'dnevermetthemale. ismeant by"concert inthe SongssungbyzebrafinchesataSongssungbymalefinchesforfemaleSongssungbyfemalefinchesformaleSongssungbymalefinchestomanyfemale Inthestudy,WoolleyandDoupesetupalongcagewithasoundspeakerateachend.Onebroadcastthesoundofamalezebrafinchsingingtohimself,likesomeonesingingintheshower.Theotherspeakerbroadcastamaleperformingforafemaleaudience,asifhewasgivingaconcert. Scientiststhenstudiedthebrainsofthefemales.Theyfoundcertainareasofthebrainperkedupwhenthebirdslistenedtotheconcertsongs.Thesebrainareasmaybeinvolvedinrecognizingandevaluatingthesongs,andstoringthememoriesofthem. WhatisNOTtrueofdirectedThesenderofamessagehasaspecificMalezebrafinchessingtofemaleMotherstalktotheirMalezebrafinchessingto Thisresearchdealswithwhat'scalleddirectedcommunication,whenthecommunicator,orsender,focusesthemessageforaspecificaudience.Oneexampleisthewaymomsspeaktotheirbabies.Mothersaroundtheworldusethesamesortofhigh-pitchedsing-songchatter,andthebabiesrespondbesttothosesounds.Songbirdsareoneoftheonlyotherspeciesknowntolearntheircommunication,inthiscasetheirsongs. ofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthe BirdsongsasZebrafinchesandtheirEnjoying Scientistshadnoticedslightvariationsinthesongsofmalezebrafinchesbasedonwhethertheyweresingingaloneorwhethertherewasafemaleandpotentialmate.nearby.Withanaudience,themalesspedupthepaceoftheirsongsandcontrolledthenotestheyused.vary-variety,variation-various/differentkinds ForthisStudy,researchersSarahC.WoolleyandAllisonDoupeattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscodecidedtofocusattentiononthelisteningfemales,whichhavenotbeenwellstudiedinthepast. Matedfemalesalsohadachancetolistentotwodifferentperformancesongs,onefromanunknownmale,andonefromtheirmate.Theyspentmoretimelistening,totheconcertversionoftheirmates'songs.Thissuggeststhatafterawhile,femaleslearntorecognize--andprefer—thesongsoftheirmates. 理工A級第49U.S.ScientistsConfirmWateron 科學家確認火星上有水 foilv.Scoopn.

conductivityn.傳導性，導電性 v.融化溶解（melt) StereoImager立體圖 n.地帶,地域,地 WhatwasdiscoveredbyNASA'sPhoenixMarsLanderonFlowingWaterinasoilLiving NASAscientistssaidthatMarswascoveredoncebyvastlakes,flowingriversandavarietyofotherwetenvironmentsthathadthepotentialtosupportlife.(NASA:NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdminstration（美 LaboratorytestsaboardNASA‘sPhoenixMarsLanderhaveidentifiedwaterinasoilsample.Thelander’sroboticarmdeliveredthesampleWednesdaytoaninstrumentthatidentifiesvaporsproducedbytheheatingofsamples.“Wehavewater,”saidWilliamBoyntonoftheUniversityofArizona,leadscientistfortheThermalandEvolved-Gasyzer,orTEGA.“ThisisthefirsttimeMartianwaterhasbeentouchedandtasted.” WhydidthefirsttwoattemptstodeliversamplesThesamplevaporizedFreshmaterialwasexposedtotheThesamplesgotstuckinsidetheTheroboticarmhitahard Thesoilsamplecamefromatrenchapproximay2inchesdeep.Whentheroboticarmfirstreachedthatdepth,ithitahardlayeroffrozensoil.Twoattempts(todeliversamplesoficysoilondays)(whenfreshmaterialwasexposed)werefoiledwhenthesamplesbecamestuckinsidethescoop.MostofthematerialinWednesday'ssamplehadbeenexposedtotheairfortwodays,lettingsomeofthewaterinthesamplevaporizeawayandmakingthesoileasiertohandle. WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbytheScientistshavebeentryingtobreaktheice-richlayersofsoilonScientistshavebeensurprisedbyhowthesoilonMarsbehaves.C.ScientistshavebeentryingtofindoutifthereislifesupportingmaterialonMars.D.Scientistshavebeentryingtoknowifwatericewill TheroboticarmisacriticalpartofthePhoenixMarsmission.ItisneededtotrenchintotheicylayersofnorthernpolarMarsanddeliversamplestoinstrumentsthatwillyzewhatMarsismadeof,whatitswaterislike,andwhetheritisorhaseverbeenapossiblehabitatforlife. "Marsisgivingussomesurprises,"saidPhoenixprincipalinvestigatorPeterSmithoftheUniversityofArizona."We'reexcitedbecausesurprisesarewherediscoveriescomefrom.Onesurpriseishowthesoilisbehaving.Theice-richlayerssticktothescoopwhenpoisedinthesunabovethedeck,differentfromwhatweexpected,fromalltheMarssimulationtestingwe'vedonesofar.“ SincelandingonMay25,Phoenixhasbeenstudyingsoilwithachemistrylab,TEGA,amicroscope,aconductivityprobeandcameras.Thescienceteamistryingtodeterminewhetherthewatericeeverthawsenoughtobeavailableforbiologyandifcarbon-containingchemicalsandotherrawmaterialsforlifearepresent. WherearethescientistsinvolvedintheresearchTheyarefromTheyarefromTheyarefrombothAmericaandTheyarefromneitherAmericanor NASAscientistssaidthatMarswascoveredoncebyvastlakes,flowingriversandavarietyofotherwetenvironmentsthathadthepotentialtosupportlife.(NASA:NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdminstration（美 Themissionisexaminingtheskyaswellastheground.ACanadianinstrumentisusingalaserbeamtostudydustandclouds"It'sa30-wattlightbulbgivingusalasershowonMars,"saidVictoriaHipkinoftheCanadianSpaceAgency. WhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestdescriptionofPhoenix'sSurfaceS