報刊新聞閱讀理解（二）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。APilotshavetheirownsecretlanguage.Here'swhatthey'rereallysaying“Let’skickthetiresandlightthefires”FamouslyutteredbyHarryConnickJr.in

IndependenceDay,themilitaryphrasesignalsthataplaneisreadyfortakeoff,saysMarkBaker,acommercialpilotof35yearsandcurrentpresidentoftheAircraftOwnersandPilotsAssociation(AOPA).Oncethecrewcompletesthepre-flightgearinspection,it’stimetostarttheengineandtaketothesky.Thesedays,however,it’smuchmorecommontohearpilotsannouncethattheplaneis“clearedfortakeoff”—particularlyoncommercialflights—forthesakeofbrevity.“We’vegotadeadheadcrewflyingtoChicago”Despitehowitmaysound,thisisn’taninsult:Off-dutypilotsorflightcrewwhoboardacommercialflightaspassengerstoflybacktotheplane’shomebasearecalled“deadheads,”Hainessays.“Deadheading”isfairlycommon:ifaflightcrewlandsintheirdestinationbutmustdepartfromadifferentairportfortheirnextshift,anairlinecanflytheoff-dutycrewmembersthere,aslongasthereareseatsavailable,hesays.“Georgeisflyingtheplanenow”There’sa“George”onnearlyeverycommercialaircraft,buthe’snotacrewmember.“George”isanicknameforaplane’sautopilotsystemthatfollowsaprogrammedsetofpointstotheflight’sdestination,takingintoconsiderationchangesinturbulence(空氣和水的湍流)andaltitude,accordingtoAimer.PilotsoftenletGeorgetocommandtheplanewhenitreachescruisingaltitudeorwhenthey’veflownformorethan10hours,whenthey’rerequiredtorestperFAAregulationsfortwo-pilotplanes.“Passthecrewjuice”Afteralongdayinthesky,crewmembersoftenneedtounwind—sometimesadjustingtoacompletelynewtimezone.“Juice”referstoacocktailthatformerAmericanAirlinesflightsafetyexpertKathyLord-Jonesdescribesasa“mixtureofalcoholicdrinks”leftoverfromaflight.Crewmembersareprohibitedfromdrinkingonthejob;rather,theysharethe“juice”attheendoftheir“dutyday,”orthefullshiftthatstartswithsign-inattheairportandendswithcheck-inattheirhotel,Lord-Jonessays.Whentheplaneistakingoff,youmayhearthepilotssay:“Georgeisflyingtheplanenow”“Let’skickthetiresandlightthefires”“We’vegotadeadheadcrewflyingtoChicago”“Passthecrewjuice”Whois“George”?AdeadheadcrewAfamouspilotAplane’sautopilotsystemApassengeronaplaneWhatisspecialabout“thecrewjuice”?Itcannotbedrunkenonthejob.ItiscreatedbyKathyItisamixtureofjuiceItisreallytastyBTears,aswouldbeexpectedoncethenewsbrokeofBryant’sdeathinahelicoptercrashinSouthernCaliforniaonSunday,flowedfreelyintheNBAworld.KobeBeanBryantwasmanythings:oneofthegreatestplayersinbasketballhistory,afive-timeNBAchampion,Olympicgoldmedalist,afluentspeakerofmultiplelanguages,aresidentoftheworld,anOscarwinner,theself-describedBlackMambathatstartedasanicknameandbecamehisbrand,someonesogoodhehadtwonumbersretiredbythe

LosAngelesLakers.Andheneverstopped.Basketballwashisobsession(癡迷)for20yearsintheNBA.Storytellingwastheobsessionfortherestofhislife.Histoughnesswaslegendary;Bryantblewouthisachilles(跟腱)onaplayin2013wherehe’dbeenbrokentherulesandmadethetwofreethrowsknowingthathisseasonwouldbeoverafewsecondslater.ItwasagainstGoldenState;theLakerstrailedatthetime,andBryant-whohurtakneeinthatsamegameandplayedthroughitbecausethegamewassoimportantintheplayoffrace-gotbothshots.“Weweredowntwo.Hadtotiethegamefirst,Bryantsaidyearslater,whenaskedwhyhestayedinthegame.Hiscommitmentwaslegendary;therewasagamein2011inMiamiwheretheLakerslostbysix,andBryantwassodispleasedwithhowheplayedthathewentbackontothecourtfor90minutesofuninterruptedshootingthatwentonuntilaftermidnight.HisteammateswereonMiamiBeachfordinner.Bryantwasworkinginstead.“It’smyjob,”Bryantsaid.Hewasasdriveninhisstorytellinglifeashewasinhisplayingdays.Kobe,Inc.wasn’tjustacoolname.Itwashisworld.Hewantedtoinspirekidsthroughbooksthatcombinedtheworldsofsportsandfantasy.HewastoyingwiththeideaoftakinghisstoriestoBroadway.HewonanOscarfor“DearBasketball,”ashortanimatedfilmin2018thathadbeenadaptedfromapoemthathepennedwhenhedecideditwastimetoretirefromplayingthegame.Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph2.?well-educatedself-consciousambitiousoutstandingWhat’sKobe’spurposeofestablishingKobeInc.?ToinspirechildrenthroughbookscombiningsportsandfantasyTotellstoriesofhisworldtoBroadwayTomakeshortanimatedfilmstowinOscarTomakehistoughnessandcommitmentknowntotheworldWhichthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothetext?ThewholeNBAworldissadatthenewsofBryant.In2013Bryantgothurtbuthestruggledtoplaythroughthegame.Bryant’scommitmentandtoughnesscontributetohissuccess.Bryant’sdevotedmoretoplayingbasketballthantellingstories.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?AguidebookAmagazineAtextbookAnovelC“Happyhour”attheS-marketstoreintheworking-classneighbourhoodofVallilahappensfarfromthedrinkspassagesandisn’texactlycarnival.Nobodyisherefordrinksoragoodtime.They’relookingforasteepdiscountonpork,orachicken,orasalmonfillet(三文魚片),oranyofafewhundreditemsthatarehoursfromtheirmidnightexpirationdate（有效期）.FoodthatisnearlyunsellablegoesonsaleateveryoneofS-market’s900storesinFinland,withpricesthatarealreadyreducedby30percentto60percentoffatexactly9pm.It’spartofatwo-yearcampaigntoreducefoodwastethatcompanyexecutivesinthisfamouslyalcoholiccountrydecidedtocall“happyhour”inthehopesofdrawinginregulars,likeanyelegantbar.“I’vegottenquitehookedonthis,”saidKasimirKarkkainen,27,whoworksinahardwarestore,ashelookedthroughthemeatsectionintheVallilaS-market.Itwas9:15andhehadgrabbedacontainerofporkmini-ribsand2poundsofshrink-wrappedporkbreast.Totalcostafterthepricedrop:theequivalentof$4.63.Aboutone-thirdofthefoodproducedandpackagedforhumanconsumptionislostorwasted,accordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationoftheUnitedNations.Thatequals1.3billiontonsayear,worthnearly$680billion.Thefiguresrepresentmorethanjustadisastrousmis-distributionofneedandwant,giventhat10percentofpeopleintheworldarelongundernourished.Allthatextrafood,scientistssay,contributestoclimatechange.Forconsumers,cuttingbackonfoodwasteisoneofthefewpersonalhabitsthatcanhelptheplanet.Butforsomereason,alotofpeoplewhoworryabouttheircarbonfootprintaren’tannoyingthevegetablesandrumpsteaktheythrowintothegarbage.“There’sbeenalotoffocusonenergy,”saidPaulBehrens,aprofessorinenergyandenvironmentalchangeattheUniversityofLeidenintheNetherlands.“Butclimatechangeisasmuchalandissueandafoodissueasanythingelse.”Reducingwasteisachallenge

butagrowingnumberofsupermarkets,restaurantsandstartups(新興公司)—manybasedinEurope—aretryingtoanswerthatquestion.

Whichistrueabout“happyhour”?It’sreallyafeast.Customershaveagoodtime.Thepurposeofitistoreducefoodwaste.Companyexecutivesdecidedtocallitoff.WhatcanwelearnfromKasimir?Heliked“happyhour”verymuch.Heboughtmanyitemsat“happyhour”.HeworkedattheS-marketstore.Hesaved$4.63atleast.Howdoestheforthparagraphdeveloped?BycomparisonBysummaryBygivingexamplesBylistingfiguresWhatwillthistextwriteaboutnext?FocusonenergyisimportantReducingwasteinEuropeThesupermarkets,restaurantsandstartupsTherelationshipbetweenclimatechangeandafoodissueDEveryweek,twotransformedbluebusesstockedwithchildren’sbookscarefullycrossthestreetsofKabul,avoidingareaswheredeadlyexplosionsarecommon.Thesetravellinglibrariesstopoffatschoolsindifferentpartsofthecity,deliveringawealthofreadingmaterialdirectlytoyoungsterswhohavelimitedaccesstobooks.“Alotofschoolsinourcitydon’thaveaccesstosomethingasbasicasalibrary,”saysFreshtaKarim,a27-year-oldOxfordUniversitygraduatewhowasinspiredtostartCharmaghz,anon-profit,inherhomecityhavinggrownupwithoutmanybooksherself.“Weweretryingtounderstandwhatwecoulddotopromotecriticalthinkinginourcountry.”Whileformanycommutersabusortrainjourneypresentsarareopportunitytogetstuckintoabook,insomecitiespublictransportisbeingrecognizedasmeansofgettingbookstocommunitiesthatneedthemmost.Vehiclesarebeingreimaginedandtransformedtonotonlytospreadthejoyofreading,buttoeducateandimprovelives.Afghanistan,forexample,hasoneoftheworld’s

lowestliteracyrates,withonlythreein10adultsabletoread,accordingtoUNESCO.ThemajorityofpublicschoolsinKabuldonothavelibrariesandthecity’slibraries

donotoffermanychildren’sbooks.ForKarim,buseswereacost-effective,efficientwaytogetbookstochildren.Charmarghzrentsthemfromastate-ownedbuscompany.“Wegotonearbyschools,”shesays.“Wetrytostopinsidecommunitiesratherthanonthemainstreetswhereexplosionsoftenhappen.”Theorganizationisfundedbydonationsfromlocalbusinessandcommunities,andalsoboastsathirdbusthatactsasamobilecinema.Over600childrenvisitthebuseseachdaytoread,socialiseandplaygames.“Theyareoftenveryexcited,”shesays.“Oneofourbiggestchallengesisthatsomanychildrenwanttocomeinsidethebus,wecan’thavealloftheminoneday.”WhatinspiredKarimtoestablishCharmaghz?ThetransformedbluebusesTheyoungsters’limitedaccesstobooksThecriticalthinkinginhercountryHerpersonalpreviousexperienceWhat’sthechildren’sreactiontothebookbuses?TiredThrilledCriticalIndifferentWhatcanweinferfromthetext?Afghanistanhastheworld’s

lowestliteracyrate.Hundredsofchildrenvisitthebusesdaytoplaygames.Karimreceivedmuchhelpfromthelocals.Charmarghzownsmanybookbuses.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?Karim,ImprovingthinkingKarim,MovingstoriesBookbuses,MovingstoriesBookbuses,Changingchildren’slives第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Aswegothroughlifewehaverelationshipsthatdon'tworkout,jobsthatjustaren'tright,examsthatweflunk,initiativesthatdon'tsucceed.36.Butexperiencingfailurecanbealearningexperienceandanopportunityforafreshstart.Agoodwaytobeginthisprocessisbyaskingyourselfsometoughquestions.WhatcanIlearnfromthis?37.OK,soitwasnotallyourfault—butsomeofitwas.successfulpeopledon'tmakeexcusesorblameothers.Theytakeownershipoftheissues.becriticalbutconstructive.Trytolookattheexperienceobjectively.Makealistofthekeythingsthathappened.Analyzetheliststep-by-stepandlookforthelearningpoints.38.Iftheproblemrevealssomelackofskillsonyourpart,learnorimprovethoseskills.Perhapstherearebooksorcoursesorpeopleyoucouldturnto.Makeaself-developmentplantoacquiretheskillsandexperiencesyouneed.WhocanIlearnfrom?Anyonearoundyou,aboss,colleagueorafriend,isOK.39.Iftheyareconstructiveandsupportivethenaskthemforsomefeedbackandguidance.Mostpeopledonotaskforhelpbecausetheybelieveittobeasignofweaknessratherthanstrength.it'snot.Itshowsthatyouarereadytolearnandchange.Anygoodfriendwillbehappytohelp.WhatwillIdonext?Nowdrawupanactionplan.Youcantrywhethersomethingsimilarorsomethingdifferent.Revisityourgoalsandobjectives.Thisreversalhasbeenasetbackonyourjourneybutthinkofitasadiversionratherthanahalt.40.WhatshouldIimprove?DoIneedtoacquireorimprovesomeskills?Takeresponsibilityforwhatwentwrong.Thereisalwayssomeonetowhomyoucanturntoforadvice.Themorenewthingswetrythemorefailureswearelikelytohave.Youhavesomanychancestogetyourselfpromoted.Youcannowresetyoursightsonyourdestinationandplananewcourse參考答案:閱讀理解：A篇：21-23BCAB篇：24-27DADBC篇：28-31CADBD篇：32-35BBCD七選五：36-40ECBDG附部分文章譯文：閱讀理解：C篇譯文在工薪階層居住的瓦利拉居民區,S超市公司門店的“歡樂時段”遠非售賣酒水的通道,氣氛也并非完全歡快。這里的顧客沒人是為買酒水或是要度過一段歡樂時光。他們是來找大減價的豬肉的。再或者是一只雞、一塊三文魚,甚或是還差幾小時就到午夜過期時間的數百種商品中的任意一種。在芬蘭的900家S超市的每一家,快要賣不出去的食品都會在晚上9點準時打折銷售,折扣會從此前的7折降到4折。這一活動隸屬于一場已發起兩年的旨在減少食品浪費的運動,這個以嗜酒聞名的國家的企業高管決定把活動命名為“歡樂時段”,以期像任何像樣的酒吧那樣吸引到常客。27歲的五金店員工卡西米爾·凱爾凱寧邊逛著瓦利拉S超市的肉食區一邊說:“我已經對這相當上癮了。”當時是晚上九點一刻,他拿了一盒小排骨和兩磅用收縮薄膜包裝好的里脊肉。減價后的總花費相當于4.63美元。根