Unit

3Born

to

WinSummaryEach

human

being

has

his

own

potential

to

win

in

hisown

way.

When

we

refer

toa as

a

winner

or

aloser,

we

mainly

mean

whether

he

can

respond

genuinelyor

not.

However,

few

people

are

winners

or

losers

allthetime.

Winners

have

the

followingcharacteristics:beinggenuine,

being

not

afraid

to

do

his

own

thinking

and

beingable

to

use

his

knowledge,being

flexibleand

caring

about

the

world

and

its

people.

In

contrast,

a

loser

lackscapacity

toappropria y

express

himself

through

a

fullrange

of

possible

behavior,

and

has

difficulty

giving

andreceiving

love.

That

may

be

caused

by

poor

nutrition,cruelty,

unhappy

relationships,

disease,

continuingdisappointments

and

inadequate

physical

care.Understanding

Sentencesis

born

with

what

he

needs

to

win

at

life.每個人天生具有要在生活中贏得成功的能力。1.

EachTranslationCommentsIn

“at

life”,

“at”means

“in

the

activity

orfield

of”,such

as

in

“skilled

at

playing

chess”

or

“goodatmath”,

etc.

We

also

say

oneis

skilled

at

tennis,golf,

etc.

By

extension

we

then

say

that

thewins

at

chess,

tennis,

etc.

Thus,

in

thesentence

“Each is

born

with

what

heneeds

to

win

at

life”,

life

is

being

compared

toagame.

The

whole

sentence

means

that

we

allareborn

with

skills

needed

to

win

at

the

gameoflife.Understanding

Sentences2.

Each

can

be

an

important,

thinking,

aware,

andcreatively

productive

in

his

own

right—awinner.Translation每個人都能憑自己的本事成為舉足輕重、會思考、明事理、創造性成果頗多的人——一個成功的人。CommentsThe

phrase

“in

one’s

own

right”

is

used

to

saythat

a has

something

or

achievessomething

on

his

own

without

depending

on

otherpeople

（憑本身的權利或能力、實力、資格等）.Examples1.

Although

he

was

the

son

of

a

famousfootball

coach,

he

soon

became

famous

inhis

own

right.2.

Bill

Gates

is

a

very

wealthyman

in

his

own

right.Understanding

Sentences3.

However,

once

a has

the

capacity

to

be

awinner,

his

chances

are

greaterfor ing

evenmore

so.ParaphraseHowever,

once

askills

andthe

attitude

tohas

developed

both

thee

a

winner

(i.e.

thecapacity

to

be

a

winner),

he

will

very

likelye

even

a

more

frequent

winner.Translation然而，當一個人一旦具備了成為成功者的能力時，（他）經常獲得成功的可能性就會更大。3.

She

has

a

good

chance

of

a

successful

recovery.There

is

little

chance

of

her

being

found

alive.The

day

will

be

cloudywith

a

slight

chance

of

rainlater

tonight.He

gave

the

show

a

fifty-fifty

chance

of

survival.It

was

a

million

to

one

chance,

but

it

hadhappened.The

operation

is

performed

under

local

anesthetic,which

lessens

the

chances

of

infection.How

can

we

improve

our

chances

of

careerdevelopment?Examples4.

He

listens

to

others,

evaluates

what

they

say,

butcomes

to

hisown

conclusions.他 他人、評價他們說的話，卻能得出自己的結論。TranslationUnderstanding

Sentences1.

It

is

still

too

earlyto

reach

a

conclusion

on

thispoint.There

are

perhaps

two

main

conclusionsto

bedrawn

from

the

above

discussion.All

the

evidence

pointed

to

/

led

to

/

supportedthe

conclusion

that

he

was

guilty.It’s

important

not

to

jump

to

conclusions.(decide

something

too

quickly,without

knowingall

thefacts)The came

to

theinescapable

conclusionthat

the

children

had

been

murdered.

(theconclusion

that

you

must

come

to)Examples5.

Although

people

are

born

towin,

they

are

also

borntotally

dependent

on

their

environment.即使人們生來注定會成功，但也是生來就要完全依賴于周圍環境的。1.

The

windowwas

paint

blue.2.

The

truck

was

found

abandoned

onHighway

63.ExamplesTranslationUnderstanding

Sentences6.

Poor

nutrition,

cruelty,

unhappy

relationships,disease,

continuing

disappointments,

and

inadequatephysical

care

are

among

the

many

experiences

that

contribute

to

making

people

losers.營養不良、道待遇、不愉快的人際關系、疾病、長期的失望、以及身體護理不足等經歷都會促使人們成為失敗者。TranslationUnderstanding

Sentences1.

Alcohol

contributes

to

100,000

deaths

a

yearin

the

US.Her

work

has

contributed

enormously/greatly/significantly/substantially

to

ourunderstanding

of

this

difficult

subject.Everyone

onthe

team

contributed

towinningthe

game.Examples7.

A

loser

isheld

backby

his

low

capacity

toappropria y

express

himself

through

a

fullrange

of

possible

behavior.A

loser

isprevented

from

succeeding

byhisinabilityto

let

people

know

his

thoughts

andfeelings

in

different

situations.失敗者不

通過一系列可能采取的作為來恰當地展現自己，這阻礙了他獲得成功。The

phrase

“hold

back”

means

“preventsomeone

from

improving

ordevelo

(阻礙，抑制)”.The

phrase“a

range

of”means

“avariety

of

things

of

a

particulartype”.TranslationCommentsParaphraseUnderstanding

Sentences1.

They

felt

the

economy

was

being

held

back

byexcessive ernment

controls.Do

you

think

that

mixed-ability

classes

holdback

the

better

students?The

ho offers

a

wide

rangeof

facilities

andservices.There

isa

full

range

of

activities

for

children.Examples8.

He

may

be

unaware

of

other

choices

forhis

life

ifthepath

he

chooses

goes

nowhere.如果他所選擇的生活道路毫無前途的話，他可能不知道對自己的生活還可以有其他的選擇。We

discussed

it

all

morning

but

got

nowhere.The

proposal

went

nowhere

inthe

Senate.Talking

to

him

will

get

you

nowhere.

I

soon

realized

that

being

tough

was

gettingme

nowhere.TranslationExamplesUnderstanding

Sentences9.

A

loser

has

difficulty

giving

and

receiving

love.一個失敗者很難去愛別人，也很難得到別人的愛。Notice

the

phrase

“have/experiencedifficulty

(in)similar

expressng

something”.

Otherns

are

asfollows:have

a

good

(hard/great/lovely

etc.)

timeng

somethingThere

isno

point

in ng

something.It’s

no

useIt’s

no

funIt’s

no

goodng

something.ng

something.ng

something.TranslationCommentsUnderstanding

SentencesWord

Studyborn

v.be

born

of/into/to

sth.be

born

ina

particular

situation,type

of

family

etc.

出生于He

was

born

of

German

parents.

他出生在德國血統家庭。One-third

of

all

children

are

born

into

single-parent

families.beborn

with

sth.have

a

particular

disease,

type

of

character

sincebirth天生具有Jenny

was

born

with

a

small

hole

in

her

heart.Each

is

born

with

what

he

needs

to

win

at

life.每個人天生具有在生活中成功的能力。adj.

having

a

specific

natural

quality

or

ability

天生的a

born

leader/athlete

天生的者/運動員be

born

with

a

silver

spoon

in

one’s

mouth

(=beborn

into

a

rich

family)生在富貴人家capability

n.

[C]the

natural

ability,

skill,

or

power

that

makes

a

machine,,

or

organization

able

to

do

something,

especiallysomething

difficult能力，才能，性能Does

the

company

have

the

capability

to

change

tomeet

market

needs?Animals

in

the

zoohave

lost

the

capability

of

catchingfood

for

themselves.I

can

speak

French,

but

simultaneous

translationisbeyond

my

capabilities.limitation

n.ing

or

defect

局限，缺陷，弱點He

knows

his

capabilities

and

limitations.Despite

the

limitations

of

the

survey,

it

did

suggest

somegeneraltrends.the

condition,fact

orcircumstance

that

limits

限制因素There

are

also

technical

limitations.The ernment

imposed

limitations

on

exports.3.act

of

limiting

or

the

state

of

being

limited

限制，限度Both

sideshave

agreed

to

sign

the

nuclear

limitationtreaty.People

are

calling

for

the

limitationonthefree

speech

forNazis.人們呼吁對支持納粹的

加以限制。limitcf.point,

line

beyond

which

something

can’t

proceed

界限，限度The

public

is

not

allowed

within

a

2-

limit

of

themissilesite.He

had

not

been

outside

the

limits

of

the

prison

wallsfor

20

years.amount,

number

or

speed

that

is

allowed

限額His

blood

alcohol

level

was

50%

abovethe

legallimit.There

isno

age

limit

for

applicants.refer

to

sb./sth.

(as

sth.)to

mention

or

speak

about

sb./sth.／某事物提到、說到或涉及到I

promisednot

to

refer

tothe

matter

again.Although

she

didn’t

mention

any

names,

everyone

knewwho

shewas

referring

to.The

hospital

now

refers

to

patients

by

name,

not

casenumber.She

always

referred

to

Ben

as

“that

niceman”.cf.

refer

to

sb./sth.to

look

at

sth.

or

ask

a for

information向······

查詢信息You

may

refer

to

your

notes

if

youwant.You

should

refer

to

an

expert.refer

sb./sth.

to

sb./sth.to

send

sb./sth.

to

sb./sth.

for

help,

advice

or

a

decision將······

送交·

以求幫助、指點、行動支持等My

doctor

referred

me

to

a

specialist.My

complaint

was

referred

to

themanufacturers.dominate

v.，控制，1.

have

or

exercise

control

or

power

over支配He

thinks

that

hiscountry

wants

to

dominate

Europe.She’s

very

nice,

but

she

does

tend

to

dominate

theconversation.2.

have

the

most

important

place

in…在······中占首要地位The

discussion

was

dominated

by

the

issue

ofunemployment.Education

issues

dominated

the

electionn.capacity

n.1.

[C,U]

theability

to

understand

or

to

dosomething

能力，才能His

capacity

for

learning

languages

astonished

me.Limited

resources

are

restricting

our

capacity

fordevelo new

products.He

has

the

capacity

to

think

in

an

original

way.2.

the

amount

that

something

can

hold

or

contain

容量，容積；容納力The

room

has

the

seating

capacityfor

about80.All

the

ho s

werefilled

to

capacity

(=comple y

full).3.the

amount

of

somethingthat

a

factory,company,machine,

etc.

can

produce

or

deal

with

產量，生產力All

factories

are

working

at

full

capacity.The

company

has

the

capacity

to

build

1,500

trucks

ayear.I

attended

the

meeting

in

my

capacity

as

chairman

of

thesafety

committee.Rollins

will

be

working

in

anadvisory

capacity

on

this

project.4.[singular]someone’s

job,position

or

duty

職位，appreciate

v.(not

used

in

the

progressive

tenses)

to

recognize

thegood

qualities

ofsb./sth.欣賞，賞識His

talents

are

not

fully

appreciated

in

that

company.I’m

not

an

expert,

but

I

appreciate

fine

works

of

art.to

thank

someone

or

be

grateful

for

something

theyhavedone感激，感謝I

would

appreciate

it

if

you

would

accept

my

request.We

would

appreciate

you

letting

us

know

of

anyproblems.3.

(not

used

in

the

progressive

tenses)

to

understand

orrealize

how

serious

a

situation

or

problem

is

or

whatsomeone’s

feelings

are，懂得I

don’t

think

you

appreciate

how

expensive

it

will

be.We

didn’t

fully

appreciate

that

he

was

seriouslyill.Hedidn’t

fully

appreciate

thesignificance

of

signingthe

contract.in

a…

wayThe

word

“way”

means

the

manner

or

style

in

whichsomeone

does

something

or

in

which

somethinghappens.

Other

phrases

with

the

same

meaningare

asfollows:

in

a…

manner,

in

a…

fashion

(以······

方式).Maria

got

up

and

took

a

shower

in

a

leisurely

way.I

had

hoped

you

would

behave

in

a

more

responsivemanner.Please

leavethe

building

inan

orderly

fashion.call

fortoneed

or

deserve

aparticular

typeof

behavior

ortreatment

需要The

situation

calls

for

prompt

action.Dealing

with

the

childrenwho

are

damaged

calls

forimmense

tact

andsensitivity.if

a

group

of

people

callsfor

something,

they

ask

publiclyfor

something

to

be

done

要求groups

are

calling

for

the

release

ofpolitical

prisoners.The

opposition

have

called

for

himtoresign.cf.

1.

call

offcancel

取消或放棄ic/engagementcall

off

a2.

call

on

+

sb.

&

call

at

+

a

placevisit

拜訪；去家Let’s

call

on

John.

=

Let’s

call

at

John’s

house.（做某3.

call

on/upon

sb.

to

do

sth.appeal

or

urge

sb.to

dosth.懇求或促使事）The

UNhas

called

on

both

sides

to

observe

theceasefire.care

about

to

feel

that

sth.

is

importantand

worthworrying

about

感或關心The

only

thing

he

seems

to

care

about

is

money.Don’t

you

care

about

yourfuture?cf.

care

for1.takecare

of

照顧The

nurses

had

cared

for

him

while

he

was

sick.2.like/love（用于否定句或疑問句）對／某事物或喜愛I’m

fond

of

her,

but

Idon’t

carefor

her

husband.see…

asconsider

someone

or

something

in

a

particular

way,

oras

havingparticular

qualities

把······

看作I

see

the

jobas

a

challenge.He

saw

himself

asafailure.The

peace

talks

are

seenas

a

sign

ofhope.Other

phrases

similar

tothis

one

are

asfollows:view…as, think

of…

as, consider…

as, regard…

asinadequate

adj.1.not

good

enough,big

enough,skilled

enough

etc.fora

particular

purpose

不充分的；不足的；不夠好的The

parking

facilities

are

inadequate

for

a

busyshop

center.Thefood s

are

inadequate

to

meet

the

needs

ofthe

hungry.2.

someone

who

feels

inadequate

thinks

other

peopleare

better,more

skillful,more

in

ligent

etc.

than

theyare

不足勝任的She

is

so

excellent

that

she

made

us

feel

inadequate.I

feel

totallyinadequate

as

aparent.manipulate

v.1.

to

control

or

influence

cleverly,

unfairly

for

one’s

ownpurpose，控制，影響She

uses

her

charm

to

manipulate

people.Some

parents

manipulate

their

child

into

seeking

fame.2.handle,operate

with

skill

（熟練地）操作，使用The

workmen

manipulated

some

knobs

andlevers.This

software

is

designed

to

store

and

manipulate

data.live

up

todo

as

well

as

or

be

as

good

as

others

expect

you

to

符合（標準）；不負（盛名）；履行（諾言）The

bank

is

insolvent

and

will

be

unable

to

live

up

to

itsobligation