1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists1.1 Reading and Thinking 一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固 I單詞拼寫The more petrol and electricity we c_(消耗), the more carbon we are letting off.A charity group set up a stand selling cooked s_(香腸) and flowers to raise funds.Truly e_(精美的) chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese chara

2、cters.He has a bad t_(脾氣) and will not listen to anybody, so youd better not stand in his path.Boys and girls, do you realize that what you were in favor of just now are j_(無(wú)用的東西) foods?The police suspect there may be a _ (聯(lián)系) between the two cases.Were faced with a s_(嚴(yán)重的) situation where we have t

3、o give up what were eager for most.There was no p_(證據(jù)) that the knife belonged to her.In a world that warms up by 3, it found that m_(許多的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.This switch has d_(減少) pollution in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for peo

4、ple【答案】consume 2. sausages 3.elegant 4. temper 5. junklink 7. severe 8.proof 9. multiple 10. decreased第10句解析：句意:這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了這個(gè)國(guó)家主要湖泊和水庫(kù)的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。 II.單句語(yǔ)法填空They felt _ (frustrate) at the lack of progress.The local government is _ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. But the info

5、rmation I got was rich and varied, or even _(contradict). As an adult, we have to learn _ (handle) stress.Those who lack resistance are more likely to _ (infect) with the virus.Prior to _(join) this company in 2015, Bequelin was employed as a senior researcher.We tend _(think) that the decades immed

6、iately following World War was a time of prosperity and growth.Internet shopping is quite popular among Chinese people and has become a new way of _(consume).Tea culture is _(vary) in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking._(tire) and hungry, the tou

7、rists wanted to find a restaurant to have something to eat. 【答案】1.frustrated 2.to blame 3.contradictory 4.to handle 5. be infected6.joining 7.to think 8.consumption 9.varied/various 10.Tired III.短語(yǔ)填空consist of, on the other hand, be stuffed with, as a result, subscribe toat a minimum, hand in hand,

8、refer to, prior to, once and for all 1. If you would like to receive regular daily news by email, then you can _ this service as follows.2.To learn English well, you should learn ten new words _ every day.3.All the arrangements should have been completed on the day _ our departure.4.All electronic c

9、omputers _ five units although they are of different kinds.5.He fell off the bike on the way home and hurt his leg yesterday. _, he had to be away from school for some time.6.There is some evidence that poverty and poor health often go _.7.To draw up the plan, they went to the library to _ many book

10、s.8.On the one hand, I want to go to the party, but _ I ought to prepare for the maths test.9. Building a large gym is a tough task; it is not something that can be completed _ in a year.10.We havent seen our neighbor for long and his letter box _ letters and all kinds of leaflets.【答案】1.subscribe to

11、 2. at a minimum 3. prior to 4. consist of 5. As a result6. hand in hand 7. refer to 8. on the other hand 9.once and for all 10. is stuffed with = 4 * ROMAN IV. 補(bǔ)全句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，用合適的短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子。1. 老師讓Tom 和John努力溝通，徹底地解決他們的爭(zhēng)論。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their arg

12、ument _ _ _ _.2. 我認(rèn)為，盲目的銷售促進(jìn)不僅缺乏系統(tǒng)性，也缺乏堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論框架。 I think that the blind sales promotion lacked not only systematic practice, but also the firm _ _.3. 從他臉上的表情判斷，看起來(lái)老板不同意這樣的觀點(diǎn)。 Judging from the expression on his face, it seemed that the boss didnt _ _ such views.4. 為了方便，這個(gè)年輕人設(shè)計(jì)出了一款新型水泵，這讓從深處抽出水更加容易了。 F

13、or convenience, the young man designed a new _ _, which makes it easily to suck water from the depth. 5. 幸虧有了你的引導(dǎo)和幫助，否則我們會(huì)在森林里迷失多于三天。 _ _ your help and guidance, otherwise we would be lost in the forest for more than 3 days.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我過(guò)去常常晚飯后坐在大樹下聽爺爺講故事。 When I was a child, I _, sitting under the t

14、ree.眾所周知，長(zhǎng)城是如此壯觀以致于每年它都會(huì)吸引幾千萬(wàn)的游客來(lái)此參觀。 As is known to us all, the Great Wall is so splendid _.事實(shí)上，是露西而不是莉莉應(yīng)該因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)破碎的花瓶受到責(zé)備。 In fact, not Lily but Lucy should _.根據(jù)研究，每天都鍛煉的人更有可能長(zhǎng)壽。 According to the research, people who exercise every day _. 10. 他今天休班，所以他終于有時(shí)間讓別人給他修一下空調(diào)了。He is off work today so he can _

15、.答案: 1. once and for all 2. theoretical framework 3. subscribe to 4. water pump 5. thanks to6. used to hear my grandpa tell stories7.that it can attract ten million people to visit every year.8. be to blame for the broken vase9.are much more likely to live a long life10.have his air conditioner repa

16、ired eventually 二、拓展提升 = 1 * ROMAN I.閱讀理解A US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, First we eat, then we do everything else. This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct. 16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ

17、greatly from country to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads, and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether. At the same time, howe

18、ver, the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind this double standard? There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years fol

19、lowing it, eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK perhaps owing to rationing (定量配給政策) as a result of World War II (19391945). But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets

20、 in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900-The Present. Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soon shifted. The animal gradually d

21、isappeared from meat, and peoples ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased. Burnett added. As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal. However, this theory may go

22、even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. We de-animalize certain foods that we eat by giving them different names, Hal Herzog, author of Why Its So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Grist. We dont say its cooked pig; we say its po

23、rk. And we dont say hamburger is made of cow; we say its made of beef. So it seems that theres not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.1. The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to _.A.introduce various fo

24、od culturesB.stress Westerners love for foodC.show differences in Chinese and Western food culturesD.draw attention to Westerners, de-animalizing meat2. What changed peoples attitudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s?A.The words used to describe meat.B.The rise of supermarkets.C.The need for a hea

25、lthier lifestyle.D.The introduction of highways.3. What does the underlined word ignorance mean in Paragraph 6?A.Blindness.B.Fear.C.Misunderstanding.D.Challenge.答案：1-3. ABA解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to c

26、ountry.可知,不同國(guó)家的飲食文化有很大的差異,所以前三段的目的是介紹不同的飲食文化,故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中during the 1960s and 1970s,following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased可知,在20世紀(jì)60年代和20世紀(jì)70年代,隨著高速公路在美國(guó)和英國(guó)的引入,超市在這些國(guó)家普及開來(lái),以及第六段中Thanks to the popularity and conve

27、nience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢),the publics attitude to meat soon shifted.可知,由于超市的普及和便利,(超市里)很少售賣如頭、四肢這樣的動(dòng)物部位,公眾對(duì)于肉的態(tài)度很快也發(fā)生了變化。所以是超市數(shù)量的增加改變了人們對(duì)肉的態(tài)度。故選B。3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段中The animal gradually disappeared from meat(動(dòng)物逐漸從肉類中消失),再根據(jù)第七段As a result, it

28、s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal.可知,許多西方文化慢慢地開始將肉類僅僅視為一種食品,而不是來(lái)自動(dòng)物的東西。也就是人們對(duì)肉的來(lái)源不了解,ignorance與blindness意思接近,在此處意為“不了解”,故選A。 B Elon Musk, perhaps the worlds most brilliant businessman, has a hab

29、it of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability. On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI), starting from the design of a neural lace(神經(jīng)織網(wǎng)), a net of thin electrodes (電極) that capture the information from the brain. However, the electrodes must be

30、 flexible, so that they do not damage brain tissue and will last for a long time. And to make the implantation(植入)of so many electrodes safe, painless and effective, the process has to be automated. Mr. Musks team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals. Their presentation include

31、s videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine. This robot grabs threads, and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole. The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals from as many as 3,072 electrodes. With all these technological breakthroughs, the firm now hopes to

32、help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small device that would sit behind someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate. In a few years, using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing

33、 wireless earphones today. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems, thus enabling the species to survive. Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the concept that some mac

34、hines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out. The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machine or otherwise,

35、is actually a good idea.4.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _.A.electrodes should be flexible to extend lifeB.Elon Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideasC.a neural lace is used to store information from the brainD.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons5.Wha

36、t does the underlined word prevalent in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Useful.B.Common.C.Professional.D.Appropriate.6.What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?A.Convincing people to accept the surgery.B.Developing devices to perform the surgery.C.Writing the software to interpret brainwaves.D.Infor

37、ming people of the success of the surgery.7.What is the best title of this passage?A.The Neural Lace, a New Type of BMIB.Elon Musk, the Hero of Human BeingsC.Artificial Intelligence, the Way to SurviveD.A Brain Implant, a Step to Control Machines答案：4-7. BBAA解析：4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Elon Musk.has a habit of m

38、aking statements that stretch the bounds of believability.(Elon Musk有一種習(xí)慣,他發(fā)表的言論延伸了可信度的范圍。) 以及第二段中On July 16th,2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI)(2019年7月16日,他介紹了一種新型的腦機(jī)接口。)可知Elon Musk經(jīng)常能提出前所未聞的想法,B項(xiàng)符合題意。故選B。5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中They designed a small device that would sit behind

39、someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate.可知,現(xiàn)在設(shè)計(jì)的小設(shè)備應(yīng)用較為復(fù)雜。畫線詞所在句表述為幾年后,與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)比,表明這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會(huì)變得更為普遍和簡(jiǎn)易,就像戴無(wú)線耳機(jī)一樣。故B項(xiàng)common“普遍的”切合題意。故選B。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brai

40、nwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery. is actually a good idea.可知,最大的阻礙可能不是寫軟件,而是說(shuō)服人們做這種必要的外科手術(shù)其實(shí)是個(gè)好主意。意在表明實(shí)施BMI最艱難的部分是說(shuō)服人們接受必要的外科手術(shù)。故選A。7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中On July 16th,2019,he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI)可知2019年7月16日,他介紹了一種新型的腦機(jī)接口。接下來(lái)全文圍繞新型腦機(jī)接口(BMI)進(jìn)行展開

41、說(shuō)明,因此可知A項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)織網(wǎng),一種新型的腦機(jī)接口”切題。故選A。 II.七選五Five great unusual study spacesIndependent coffee shopsNowadays, independently owned coffee shops are found everywhere in the city. _1_ You can study in the quiet spot without being disturbed while enjoying a cup of coffee and your favorite snacks. OutsideReadi

42、ng outdoors is not possible for the entire year. But the spring, summer, and fall can provide students with the perfect mix of light, noise, and breeze for ideal studying. Throughout the city there are parks and squares where you will be able to find your perfect spot. _2_Student spacesThis suggesti

43、on may seem obvious at first. However, students tend to pick the same spaces designated for studying when they look for a place on campus to read. Try going to a space that isnt a designated quiet space but rather an activities room, dining hall, or music room. _3_ Try out a variety of spaces to dis

44、cover the noise level that works best for you. A pubDuring the late afternoon and early evening, especially on week days, many pubs are fairly quiet and empty. _4_ You can really enjoy the peaceful atmosphere there. A museum or gallery_5_ This provides students with another fairly quiet place to rea

45、d. Not only will students be surrounded by wonderful visual stimuli, the inspirational aspect of these institutions can also prompt students to put more effort into their work. AThink it over and youll get the answer. BMaybe it is the best place for you to make friends. CSo finding a quiet spot coul

46、d not be difficult for you. DTry to avoid areas where youll see a lot of students who you know. EYou can really focus on your studying while calming down with a beer. FYou can find a quiet place to get away from the city and have less distractions. GMany museums and art galleries offer free admissio

47、n to students one day per week. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明性質(zhì)的文章，主要介紹了五種不尋常的學(xué)習(xí)的地點(diǎn)。1C上面一句意為“現(xiàn)在獨(dú)立的咖啡店在城市中到處都是”，可知下面一句應(yīng)該說(shuō)明的是“因此，找到一個(gè)安靜的地方不是困難的事”。2F本段標(biāo)題 Outside提示了在城市之外能夠找到安靜的學(xué)習(xí)的地方，選項(xiàng)F中的 “get away from the city”提示了是在城市之外找到安靜的學(xué)習(xí)的地方。3D在學(xué)生聚集的地方找到適合學(xué)習(xí)的地方，應(yīng)該避免見到你認(rèn)識(shí)的學(xué)生。4EA pub是提供酒水的小酒館，選項(xiàng)E中的 “with a beer”提示了E項(xiàng)符合題意。5G本段標(biāo)題為A

48、 museum or gallery，選項(xiàng)G中的 “Many museums and art galleries”與標(biāo)題一致。 .語(yǔ)法填空I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he 1 (ask) why he was able to succeed, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with 2 mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk

49、from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling (溢出) the milk all over the floora sea of milk! I got 3 (frighten) and I didnt know what to do！” he said.Instead of 4 (punish) him, his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while. Then she said, “You know, we failed in how to 5 (succe

50、ssful) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny 6 (hand) just now. Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle 7 water to see if you can discover a way to carry it.”This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he 8 (know) he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes 9 were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment “doesnt work”， we usually learn something 10 (value) from it.1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8.