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1、初中賓語從句的講解與運用第1頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的。 主句是復(fù)合句的主體,從句僅僅是主句的一個成分,它從屬于主句,不能獨立。從句在全句中充當什么成分,就叫什么從句。賓語從句當中的從句在全句中作賓語。賓語從句第2頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一賓 語 從 句概念:句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、 動名詞或動詞不定式充當,當一 個句子充當賓語時,我們把這個句 子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的三要點: 1、引導詞 2、從句語序 3、從句的時態(tài)第3頁,共35頁,2022年

2、,5月20日,12點29分,星期一不同引導詞引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which, what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導的賓語從句第4頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一一、引導詞:取決于從句的語氣1.從句是陳述語氣時,引導詞用that.2.從句是一般疑問語氣時,引導詞用if或 whether.3.從句是特殊疑問語氣時,引導詞用特殊 疑問詞。e.g: Im afraid that you are right. I want to kn

3、ow if it will rain tomorrow. I didnt hear what he wanted me to do . Do you know whose bag I am carrying? He asked me if I taught English.第5頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句注:that 在句中無詞匯意義,在從句中不能充當成分,在口語當中往往省略e.g. I hear (that) _. (一小時后他會回來)He said (that) _. (他非常想念我們)The teacher told us (

4、that) _. (地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)) he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun第6頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一由連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導的賓語從句1. He asked . (誰能回答這個問題)2. Do you know_. (他們在等誰)3. He asked _. (誰的書法是班上最好的)4. Please tell me _. (我們什么時

5、候開會)5. Can you tell me _. (他在哪兒)6. Could you tell me _. (我該怎么去車站)9. Would you tell me _(為什么火車遲到了) who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late第7頁,共35頁,2022年,

6、5月20日,12點29分,星期一由從屬連詞whether, if 引導的賓語從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. (他是否跟我們一起去公園)2. Ask him _. (他是否能來)3. I dont know _.(是否要下雨) if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not1、當句末為or not時,引導詞只能用whether而不能用if.2、在不定式前,引導詞只能用whether而不能用if.例如:I haven

7、t made up my mind whether to go there or not.第8頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一二、從句語序:一律用陳述語序 主句+引導詞+主語+謂語動詞+其他He asked me when I arrived in Shanghai .I want to know where they will go.Could you tell me what you are reading?I dont know where he lives .第9頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 e.g : Could you tel

8、l me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday? Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .請注意觀察紅色字體的語序第10頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一三、主.從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可以用任何時態(tài)。2.主句是一般過去時,從句用過去范疇

9、的時態(tài)。3.主句是一般過去時,但從句表達的是客觀真 理或自然現(xiàn)象時,仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g: He says that he is reading a book now. He said that he would work hard. They said they had been to France. The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun.第11頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 具體的時態(tài)的變化 1.當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制,我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。

10、e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .第12頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 2.當主句是一般過去時的時候,賓語從句必須運用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài),從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。 e.g He said ( that ) he would go

11、 to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時,就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制,仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that light travels fast

12、er than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .第13頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 標點符號 : 賓語從句末尾的標點符號由主句決定,不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號;而主句是疑問句時,句末則用問號。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me which colour you

13、like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ? 四、賓語從句的標點符號第14頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 五、賓語從句的否定形式 : 一般而言,賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等表示“認為,猜想”的詞時,一般要把賓語從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe sh

14、e will lend you the money . 但是,如果主句中的謂語動詞是 hope ,則不適用于此規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .第15頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一六、賓語從句與直接引語變間接引語的關(guān)系。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語之后通常都構(gòu)成一個賓語從句。因此我們要掌握好賓語從句的用法必須也要熟悉直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則。第16頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引語的概念直接引述別人的原話,叫 _;直接引語 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來,叫

15、 _。間接引語直接引語通常都用_括起來, 引號“ ” 間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個 _。賓語從句第17頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said, “I have never met an American.”She said, “I will see you next week.” She said t

16、hat she liked singing.She said that she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.She said she had never met an American. She said that she would see me the next week. 第18頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一SUMMARY 直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞that(可省略)引導賓語從句.從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等相應(yīng)變

17、化.第19頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一、人稱的變化口訣說明直接引語間接引語一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不變引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohel

18、p him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新第20頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一直接引語 間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時一般過去時 過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時一般將來時 過去將來時The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注: 直引若是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g引時,時態(tài)不變.時態(tài)變化2第21頁,共

19、35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 直接引語 間接引語指示代詞 時 間 狀 語 地點狀語 方向性動詞 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the n

20、ext/following month here there come, go,bring take 情態(tài)動詞 can, may, must could,might,had to 第22頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe asked, “Have you seen the film?”She asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”He asked John ifwhether he was a doc

21、tor. She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.第23頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一SUMMARY 直接引語是疑問句,變間接引語時,要把疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞 if 或 whet

22、her 連接。 直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導。第24頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一Direct SpeechIndirect Speech“Never do that again,” the teacher saidThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window .The teacher said to the boy ,”O(jiān)pen the windo

23、w .”The teacher told me not /never to do that again“Wait a moment” she said to them.She asked them to wait a moment .第25頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一 直接引語是祈使句,變成間接引語,把動詞原形變成動詞不定式,并在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等動詞的賓語。注意:否定句,在動詞不定式前加not或never.SUMMARY第26頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一解題步驟:1.陳述句“I dont

24、 like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friendsthat I dont like computers.said/tolddidntsheSandy said to/told her friends that she didnt like computers.第27頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一2.一般疑問句:Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to wor

25、k out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.第28頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一3.特殊疑問句:When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he

26、 harvested the wheat.第29頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一4.祈使句Little boy, put on your coat.(They ordered )They ordered Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat.to put They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.his 第30頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.

27、(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been 第31頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一He aske

28、d what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)travels are talking were were doing第32頁,共35頁,2022年,5月20日,12點29分,星期一10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who

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