1、111 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.AutoQoS Technical Presentation, 1/03聚劃算 /Cisco AutoQoS Technical Presentation Ramya VenkatramanTechnical Marketing Engineer QoSInternet Technologies GroupAgendaIntroductionCisco AutoQoS FrameworkAutomation with Cisco AutoQoSAutoQoS Deployment Case St

2、udySummaryIntroductionIntroduction IETF DiffServ Architecture (RFC-2475)The idea: different service levels for packetsThe service: some significant characteristics of packet transmission in one direction across the networkExamples: bandwidth and latencyA New Paradigm for Automating the Delivery of N

3、etwork Quality of ServiceKey Takeaways:Simpler QoS deployments Reduces operator errorsCheaper QoS deployments Up to 2/3rds reduction in costFaster QoS deployments Up to 2/3rds reduction in deployment time Cisco AutoQoS initial focus: QoS for Voice over IPIP Telephony is here!IP Telephony requires Qo

4、SQoS deployment can be challengingCisco AutoQoS makes VoIP deployments simpler, cheaper, and fasterCisco AutoQoS retains 100% customer control over configurationROUTERSWITCHClassification (CoS, DSCP, ACLs, VLAN, Port-based)Cisco QoS Introduction:A Complete Diffserv ToolkitLink Efficiency Mechanisms

5、(Compression, Fragmentation)Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms (WRED, WRED-ECN)Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ,CBWFQ,LLQ)Classification & Marking (DSCP, IP Precedence, nBAR, etc.)FETraffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Queuing & Scheduling (WRR, PQ)Buffer Management & WREDClassification (CoS, D

6、SCP, ACLs, VLAN, Port-based)Policing & Marking (Aggregate & Micro Flow Policing)GEATMPPPHDLCFRAME RELAYPROVISIONING & MONITORINGCBQoSMIB, QPM 3.0AgendaIntroductionCisco AutoQoS FrameworkAutomation with Cisco AutoQoSAutoQoS Deployment Case StudySummaryCisco AutoQoS FrameworkDiffServ FunctionCisco IOS

7、 QoS FeatureBehaviorClassificationNBARDSCP, PortClassification of VoIP based on packet attributes or port trustMarkingClass-Based MarkingSet L3 / L2 attributes to bucketize packets into a classCongestion Management% based LLQ,WRRProvide EF treatment to voice & BE treatment to dataShapingClass-based

8、Shaping or FRTSShape to CIR to prevent burst & smooth Traffic to Configured RateLink Efficiency MechanismHeader CompressionReduce the VoIP bandwidth requirementLink Efficiency MechanismLink Fragmentation & InterleavingReduce jitter experienced by voice packetsAutomation and simplification of the exi

9、sting user interface to expedite deployment of QoS features for VoIPFine-tuning of AutoQoS generated parameters by user, if desiredCisco AutoQoS - VoIP FrameworkDiffServ Functions AutomatedCisco AutoQoS Framework Network Based Application RecognitionBenefitsIdentifies Layer 4 to Layer 7 applications

10、 and protocols Stateful & deep packet inspectionProtocol Discovery analyzes application traffic patterns in real time and identifies traffic is running on the networkPlatform SupportCisco 1700, 2600, 3600, 7100, 7200, FlexWan Series RoutersSwitches: MSFC support on Sup 1a & Sup 2 introduced in Relea

11、se 12.1(13)ECitrix25%Netshow 15%Fasttrack10%FTP30%20%Link UtilizationWhat Applications are running through my network?Cisco AutoQoS Framework nBAR RTP Payload Type ClassificationCODECPayload TypeG.711 (Audio)0 (mu-law) 8 (a-law)G.721 (Audio)2G.722 (Audio)9G.723 (Audio)4G.728 (Audio)15G.729 (Audio)18

12、H.261 (Video)31MPEG-1 (A/V)MPEG-2 (A/V)14 (Audio), 32 (Video), 33 (A-V)Dynamic96 - 127Eases classification of voice and video trafficVoIP, streaming / real time video, audio / video conferencing, Fax Over IPDistinguishes between RTP packets based on payload type and CODECSRemoves dependencies on UDP

13、 Port Range & DSCP markingsCisco AutoQoS Framework Percentage Based PoliciesProblemsFixed CIR imposes scalability issuesService policies differ by interface, with a wide range of interface bandwidthsSolutionConfigure policies as a percentage of available bandwidthAdvantageIncreased Scalability & Man

14、ageabilitySame Policy Map can be applied on multiple interfaces and on interfaces with varying bandwidthBuild Once, Apply Many Policies10mbps Ethernet10mbps EthernetVoice1500 Data BytesVoiceVoice1500 Data BytesVoiceVoice1500 Data BytesVoice56kb WAN214ms Serialization DelayVoice Packet60 bytesEvery 2

15、0 msVoice Packet60 bytesEvery 214 msVoice Packet60 bytesEvery 214 msBenefit: reduce the jitter in voice callsImplemented via Multilink PPP (MLP) over FR, ATM, and leased lines Fragments are interleaved with the real-time packets, reducing the Serialization delay experienced by Voice packetsCisco Aut

16、oQoS Framework MLPPP Link Fragmentation & InterleavingProblem: large packets “freeze out voiceCisco AutoQoS Framework RTP Header CompressionPROBLEM: Header = 2 X PayloadCODECPPP6 Bytes of HeaderATM53 Bytes Cells witha 48 Byte PayloadFrame-Relay4 Bytes of HeaderG.711 at 50 pps82.4 kbps106 Kbps81.6 kb

17、psG.711 at 33 pps75.5 kbps84 Kbps75 kbpsG.729A at 50 pps26.4 kbps42.4 Kbps25.6 kbpsG.729A at 33 pps20 kbps28 Kbps19.5 kbpsBENEFIT: Reduction in Voice Bandwidth RequirementCODECPPP6 Bytes of HeaderATM53 Bytes Cells witha 48 Byte PayloadFrame-Relay4 Bytes of HeaderG.711 at 50 pps68 kbpsN/A67 kbpsG.711

18、 at 33 pps66 kbpsN/A65.5 kbpsG.729A at 50 pps12 kbpsN/A11.2 kbpsG.729A at 33 pps10.5 kbpsN/A10 kbpsAgendaIntroductionCisco AutoQoS FrameworkAutomation with Cisco AutoQoSAutoQoS Deployment Case StudySummaryAutomation with Cisco AutoQoSAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS VoIP Intelligence in the LANServer F

19、armServer FarmCoreLayer 3 Switched BackboneLayer 3 SwitchLayer 2 SwitchBuildingBuildingBuildingAccessDistributionEnable Trust boundary (phone, access, uplink/downlink)Enable Priority Queuing where requiredModify Queue Admission criteria where requiredConfigure CoS to DSCP and IP Prec to DSCP maps wh

20、ere requiredAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS VoIP Intelligence in the WANBuild MQC based policies for VoIPIntelligent Classification (Trust / Untrust)High Speed & Low Speed QoS PoliciesAutomatically enable QoS features specific to underlying transport protocol (FR, ATM, PPP, FR-to-ATM)Enable Traffic Sh

21、aping where requiredEnable LFI (FRF.12, MLP) where requiredEnable CRTPMonitoring & SNMP Alerts125 Remote SitesWANCisco AutoQoS Benefits Router PlatformsUser can meet the voice QoS requirements without extensive knowledge about:Underlying technologies (i.e.: PPP, FR, ATM)Service policiesLink efficien

22、cy mechanismsAutoQoS lends itself to tuning of all generated parameters & configurationsCisco 2600, 2600-XM, 3600, 3700, and 7200 Series RoutersSupported on serial (PPP & HDLC), ATM PVCs, FR DLCIs and FR/ATM linksOnly on point-to-point sub-interfaces for FR and low speed ATM PVCsPolicies are specifi

23、c to underlying transport layer protocolAutomatically identifies H.323, MGCP, H.225 (Unicast), SIP and Skinny Signaling ProtocolsCommand Line InterfaceAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platformsauto qos voip trust Untrusted Mode by defaultauto qos voip fr-atm Enabled on FR DLCI for FR/ATM Interwo

24、rking ClassificationTrust: relies on DSCP markings from switches (DSCP EF & AF31)Un trust: nBAR RTP Payload Type Classification & Access ListsProvisioningLLQ protects voice bearer and voice signaling trafficWFQ shares bandwidth fairly in the Best Effort Data classPolicy GenerationEnables high- (768K

25、bps) and low- (=768Kbps) speed QoSMonitoringSNMP monitoring events are reported if the SNMP server is enabledThresholds activated in RMON alarm table to monitor LLQ dropsAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)class-map VoIP-Bearer match protocol rtp audioclass-map VoIP-Control match ac

26、cess-group 101!policy-map QoS-Policy class VoIP-Bearer priority percent 30 set ip dscp efclass VoIP-Control bandwidth percent 5 set ip dscp af31class class-default fair-queue!Access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 1720 H.323Access-list 101 permit tcp any any range 11000 11999 H.323Access-list 101 per

27、mit udp any any eq 2427 MGCPAccess-list 101 permit udp any any eq 2428 MGCPAccess-list 101 permit tcp any any range 2000 2002 SkinnyConfiguring QoS for VoIP on Low Speed Frame Relay WAN LinkClassify the traffic of interest for QoS PolicyDefine QoS Policy TreatmentWithout AutoQoSDefine ACLs to classi

28、fyVoIP SignalingAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)FrameRelayinterface Serial4/0 encapsulation frame-relayframe-relay traffic-shaping!interface Serial4/0.1 point-to-point bandwidth 256ip address frame-relay interface-dlci 100 class VoIPFrame-relay ip rtp header-compression!map-clas

29、s frame-relay VoIP frame-relay cir 256000 frame-relay bc 2560 frame-relay be 0 frame-relay mincir 256000 service-policy output QoS-Policy frame-relay fragment 320Enabling FRTS, FRF.12 & CRTPEnable Frame Relay Traffic ShapingApply FR class-map to DLCIFrame Relay Traffic ShapingApply QoS PolicyEnable

30、FRF.12Enable RTP Header CompressionWithout AutoQoSAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)FrameRelayinterface Serial4/0 encapsulation frame-relayframe-relay traffic-shaping!interface Serial4/0.1 point-to-pointbandwidth 256ip address frame-relay interface-dlci 100 class AutoQoS-VoIP-FR-S

31、erial4/0-100 auto qos voipframe-relay ip rtp header-compression!map-class frame-relay AutoQoS-VoIP-FR-Serial4/0-100 frame-relay cir 256000 frame-relay bc 2560 frame-relay be 0 frame-relay mincir 256000 service-policy output AutoQoS-Policy-UnTrust frame-relay fragment 320You enable AutoQoSFRTS enable

32、d by AutoQoSFRTS & FRF.12 settings generated by AutoQoSCRTP configuration generated by AutoQoSYou specify BW, IP Addr & FR DLCIWith AutoQoSAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)FrameRelayProvisioning done by AutoQoSClassification done by AutoQoSclass-map match-any AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Unt

33、rust match protocol rtp audio match access-group name AutoQoS-VOIP-RTCPclass-map AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Untrust match access-group name AutoQoS-VOIP-Controlclass-map match-any AutoQoS-VOIP-Remark match ip dscp ef match ip dscp af31!policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Untrustclass-map AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Untrust pr

34、iority percent 70 set dscp efclass AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Untrust bandwidth percent 5 set dscp af31class AutoQoS-VoIP-Remark set dscp defaultclass class-default fair-queueAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)FrameRelayWith AutoQoSRMON event configured generated by AutoQoSMonitoring Dro

35、ps in LLQThresholds are activated in RMON alarm table to monitor drops in Voice ClassDefault drop threshold is 1bps rmon event 33333 log trap AutoQoS description “AutoQoSSNMP traps for Voice Drops owner AutoQoS rmon alarm 33350 cbQoSCMDDropBitRate.2881.2991 30Absolute rising-threshold 1 33333 fallin

36、g-threshold 0 Owner AutoQoSWith AutoQoSAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Router Platforms (Cont)FrameRelayUser can meet the voice QoS requirements without extensive knowledge about:Trust boundaryCoS to DSCP mappingsWeighted Round Robin (WRR) & Priority Queue (PQ) Scheduling parametersGenerated parameter

37、s and configurations are user tunableCisco AutoQoS Benefits Switch PlatformsCisco Catalyst 6500, 4500, 3550, and 2950EI Switches Single command at the interface level configures interface and global QoSSupport for Cisco IP Phone & Cisco Soft PhoneSupport for Cisco Soft Phone currently exists only on

38、 the Cat6500Trust Boundary is disabled when IP Phone is moved / relocatedBuffer Allocation & Egress Queuing dependent on interface type (GE/FE)Supported on Static, dynamic-access, voice VLAN access, and trunk ports CDP must be enabled for AutoQoS to function properlyCisco Catalyst 2950 EI supports W

39、RR, Strict Priority Scheduling, and Strict Priority QueuingAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Switch PlatformsCisco Catalyst 6500 SwitchGlobal: set qos autoqosInterface: set port qos autoqos voip ciscosoftphone | ciscoipphoneTrust Boundary: Set port qos autoqos trust cos|dscpCisco Catalyst 3550 and 2950E

40、I Switchesauto qos voip trust QoS Labels in ingress packets are trustedauto qos voip Cisco-phone Extends trust boundary if IP Phone detectedCisco Catalyst 4500 SwitchSimilar to Cat 3550/2950 Automation with Cisco AutoQoS Switch Platforms (Cont)Command Line Interfaceset qos enableset port qos mod/por

41、t cos 0set port qos mod/port cos-ext 0set port qos mod/port trust-ext untrustedset port qos mod/port trust-device ciscoipphoneset qos acl ip ACL_IP-PHONES trust-cos anycommit qos acl ACL_IP-PHONESset qos acl map ACL_IP-PHONES mode/port set port qos mod/port trust trust-cosset qos ipprec-dscp-map 0 1

42、0 18 26 34 46 48 56set qos cos-dscp-map 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56set qos map 2q2t tx queue 2 2 cos 5,6,7Automation with Cisco AutoQoS Switch Platforms (Cont)Without AutoQoSConfiguring QoS for VoIP on Trusted & Untrusted Ports in the LAN65006500650065006500Automation with Cisco AutoQoS Cisco Catalyst 65

43、00 Series SwitchWith AutoQoSset port macro 4/1 ciscoipphone 10 110 Port 4/1 has been fully configured for ciscoipphone. Data vlan set to 10, auxiliary vlan set to 110, port based autoqos configured.Global autoqos configured on all ports.set qos autoqosAll ingress and egress QoS scheduling parameters

44、 configured on all ports. CoS to DSCP, DSCP to COS and IP Precedence to DSCP maps configured. Global QoS configuredset port qos autoqos 4/1 voip ciscoipphonePort 4/1 has been fully configured for voip.Global autoqos configured on all portsUser enables AutoQoSGenerated by AutoQoSGenerated by AutoQoS6

45、5006500650065006500mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56mls qos!interface FastEthernet0/1Description to IP Phone mls qos trust CoS wrr-queue cos-map 4 5 priority-queue out switchport voice vlan 111 switchport access vlan 11 switchport priority extend cos 0Map CoS Values in incoming packets to

46、DSCP valuesIngress Classification set to trust CoS value received in the packetAssign packets with CoS 5 to Queue 4 (Expedite Queue)Enable Egress Expedite QueueEnable Trust Boundary on the phoneConfiguring QoS for VoIP on Trusted Ports in the LANAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Cisco Catalyst 3550 Seri

47、es SwitchWithout AutoQoS65006500350035003500 Interface GigabitEthernet0/1mls qos trust device cisco-phonemls qos trust cosauto qos voip cisco-phonewrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0wrr-queue queue-limit 80 1 20 1wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7wrr-queue cos-map 4 5priority-queue outGe

48、nerated by AutoQoSGenerated by AutoQoSYou enable AutoQoSInterface FastEthernet0/1mls qos trust device cisco-phonemls qos trust cosauto qos voip cisco-phonewrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0wrr-queue min-reserve 1 5wrr-queue min-reserve 2 6wrr-queue min-reserve 3 7wrr-queue min-reserve 4 8wrr-queue cos-ma

49、p 1 0 1 2 4wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7 wrr-queue cos-map 4 5priority-queue outYou enable AutoQoSAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Cisco Catalyst 3550 Series SwitchWith AutoQoS65006500350035003500mls qosmls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7wrr-queue

50、 cos-map 4 5wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0!Interface GigabitEthernet0/1Description Uplink to Trusted Sourcemls qos trust dscp!interface FastEthernet0/1Description to IP Phone mls qos trust CoS switchport voice vlan 111 switchport access vlan 11 switchport priority extend cos 0Map CoS Values in incomi

51、ng packets to DSCP valuesIngress Classification set to trust CoS value received in the packetAssign packets with CoS 5 to Queue 4 (Expedite Queue)Enable Trust Boundary on the phoneConfiguring QoS for VoIP on Trusted & Untrusted Ports in the LANAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Cisco Catalyst 2950EI Seri

52、es SwitchWithout AutoQoS65006500350035003500mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 26 32 46 48 56wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0no wrr-queue cos-mapwrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7wrr-queue cos-map 4 5!interface GigabitEthernet0/2 auto qos voip trust mls qos trust cos!Interface FastEthernet0/

53、1 auto qos voip cisco-phone mls qos trust device cisco-phone Generated by AutoQoSauto qos voip trustYou enable AutoQoSauto qos voip cisco-phoneAutomation with Cisco AutoQoS Cisco Catalyst 2950EI Series SwitchWith AutoQoS65006500350035003500AgendaIntroductionCisco AutoQoS FrameworkAutomation with Cis

54、co AutoQoSAutoQoS Deployment Case StudySummaryAutoQoS Deployment Case StudyQoS Deployment for VoIPGoal: Deploy consistent, end-to-end QoS for VoIPWANClassification & Trust BoundaryMarking / RemarkingEgress Queue SchedulingBuffer ManagementIntelligent Classification Bandwidth ProvisioningAdmission Co

55、ntrolShapingLink Fragmentation & InterleavingHeader CompressionLayer 3 PolicingEgress Scheduling(Multiple Queues with WRR)Priority Queuing for VOIPBuffer ManagementAccess LayerDistribution LayerWANApplicationClassificationPolicyGenerationConfigurationMonitoring&ReportingConsistencyIdentify Traffic o

56、f InterestTrust & UntrustLink Efficiency Mechanisms CoS to DSCP to Queue mappingWRR & WRED parametersTransport specific featuresMonitor the performance of Voice trafficConsistent end-to-end QoS across LAN & WANPlatform ConsistencyClassesBandwidth requirementsHigh Speed Vs Low Speed QoSBuffer Managem

57、entQoS Deployment for VoIP Without AutoQoSKeyElementsof QoS DeploymentQoS Deployment for VoIP Manual Approach without AutoQoSIn the WANIdentify applications and protocols of interest Untrusted edge vs. trusted edgeRemark traffic based on classificationDetermine how many classes should be configured,

58、 and what queuing should be enabledDetermine class bandwidth requirementsConfigure transport specific featuresTraffic Shaping, MLPPP & TX-Ring settingsEnable bandwidth specific QoS featuresHeader Compression & Fragmentation Settings (MLP/LFI or FRF.12)Configure alarm and event settings for monitorin

59、g purposesQoS Deployment for VoIP Manual Approach without AutoQoSIn the LANIdentify Trust Boundary & Extended Trust BoundaryRemark traffic based on classificationDetermine CoS to DSCP and IP Precedence to DSCP mappingsMap CoS values to the different egress queuesQueue Size Settings & WRR weightsFE V

60、s GE portsDetermine CoS to Egress queue mappingConfigure QoS on a per port basisIdentify VoIPBearer & Control TrafficEvaluate Network Environment & Generate Initial PolicyOne CommandVoIP Packet Drop AlertsCBQoSMIB SupportFull LAN & WANInteroperabilityQoS Deployment for VoIP Automation with Cisco Aut