1、英語語法入門崔榮容第一講 語序和五種基本句式He learns English every day.他每天學習英語。（中英語序不同）英語五種基本句式一、主+謂二、主+系 +表系動詞：起到聯系作用的動詞，連接主語與表語。表語：描述主語的身份、性質、特征、狀態三、主+謂 +賓主語：動作發出者謂語：作出的動作賓語：動作的對象四、主+謂 +間賓+直賓間賓：通常是人直賓：通常是物五、主+謂 +賓 +賓補賓補：對賓語的補充說明一、主+謂The universe remains.宇宙長存中英文語序一致二、主+系 +表The food is delicious.這個食物很好吃中英文語序一致三、主+謂 +賓He

2、 took his bag and left.（ left 是第二個謂語）他拿著他的包離開了中英文語序一致四、主+謂 +間賓+直賓Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth （雙賓語）她爸爸給她買了一本詞典（her與a dictionary,兩個賓語,一個是人、一個是物）中英文語序一致五、主+謂 +賓 +賓補We made him our monitor.我們選他當班長（ him 與 our monitor ，都是指同一個人，our monitor 是對 him的補充說明）中英文語序一致Nothing is impossible to a wi

3、lling heart!有志者事竟成！第二講 be 動詞的形式和用法be 動詞的形式：be、 am、 is、 are、 was、 were、 being 、 beenThe man is back.They are back.He was back.They were back.They have been back.Ill be back.上述“back”是副詞，構成主系表結構。be 動詞的用法：起到聯系前后的作用（ 一般翻譯為“是”，或無實意而不作翻譯） ，多用于主系表結構。后面接名詞、形容詞、地點副詞或短語作補足語成分。The man is a teacher.a teacher 是名詞

4、Mary s new dresses are colorful. colorful 是形容詞My mother was in the kitchen.in the kitchen 是地點副詞。I am 20.數詞也可做表語Its me.代詞也可做表語be 動詞的練習他們是老師They are teachers.他曾是一名老師He was a teacher before.他已經當了3 年的老師He has been a teacher for 3 years.第三講 be 動詞的否定/提問 /回答一、 be 動詞的否定在 am、 is、 are、 was、 were 后面加 not縮略式 am

5、 not， isn t,aren t,wasn t,weren tThe man isn t back.I am not back.They aren t back.He wasn t back.They weren t back.二、使用be 動詞提問和回答Is he a teacher？Yes,he is./No,he isn t.Are you a teacher?Yes,I am./No,I am not.Were they teachers?Yes,they were./No,they weren t.三、be 動詞的練習：他是醫生嗎？Is he a doctor?不，他不是No,h

6、e isn t.他們昨天在教室嗎？Were they in the classroom yesterday?Yes,they were./No,they werent.他們昨天不在教室They weren t in the classroom yesterday.第四講 代詞的主格和賓格主格代詞：I he she it you we theyI am a teacher.He is a teacher.You are teachers.賓格代詞：me him her it you us themHe likes me.We like her.I like them.練習我喜歡它like it.

7、2、他們認識他They know him.第五講名詞性/形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞：（后接名詞）單數形式： my your his/her/its one s復數形式： our your theirThis is my book.We love our motherland.Those are your socks.名詞性物主代詞：單數形式： mine yours his/hers/its one s復數形式： ours yours theirsThe book is ours.The apple is hers.練習我的老師是中國人My teacher is Chinese.這個電腦是

8、他們的This computer is theirs.我們的書在書架上Our book is on the shelf.E賓格形容詞性物 主代詞名詞性物 主代詞反身代詞Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves第六講反身代詞單數 myself yourself himself herself itself復數

9、 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代詞的用法：(指某人自己，通常是主語的“自己”)Please help yourself to some fish.請隨便吃些魚吧yourself 在動詞help后作賓語。We enjoyed ourselves last night.我們昨晚玩得很開心ourselves 在動詞enjoyed后作賓語。The thing itself is not important.這件事本身不重要反身代詞itself 在名詞The thing后作同位語，起到解釋、 說明名詞的作用。練習Take good care of (yourself

10、 ) 照顧好She gained control of (herself )控制住了第七講實意動詞的特征實意動詞 come go read watch play fly1、He comes from Shenyang.實意動詞comes作謂語，后接介詞短語from Shenyang作賓語 動詞come有一般現在時“單三”的變化2、She is reading story books.實意動詞reading作謂語，后接動詞story books 作賓語 動詞read有現在進行時的變化3、They went to America yesterday.動詞go有一般過去時“ went”的變化4、We

11、 have watched the game for three times.動詞watch有現在完成時“ watched”的變化 現在完成時：動作已經發生或對現在造成影響5、My mother will fly back to China next month.一般將來時：will+動詞原形總結：實意動詞有時態與數量(三單)上的變化練習：1、他昨天來上海了He came to ShangHai yesterday.2、我們正在寫作業We are writing homework.3、他們讀這本書已經讀3 遍了They have read this book three times.第八講 實

12、意動詞的否定/提問/回答（ 一般現在時與一般過去時）使用助動詞進行否定在助動詞do does did 后面加 notdo not/don tdoes not/doesn tdid not/didn t例句：1.I don t go to school by bus.2.She doesn t watch TV everyday.3.They didn t swim last night.使用助動詞進行提問He often plays golf.Does he often play golf?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.They go to school by bus.

13、Do they go to school by bus?Yes they do./No,they don t.Sam had breakfast yesterday.Did Sam have breakfast yesterday?Yes,he did./No,he didn t.練習：他每天都學英語嗎？Does he learn English everyday?是的，他每天都學英語Yes,he does.Tom昨天沒吃早飯Tom didn t have breakfast yesterday.第九講 使用疑問詞進行提問和回答（1）（ 一般現在時與一般過去時）使用疑問詞進行提問when,wh

14、ere,who,what,how時間、地點、人物、干什么、怎樣例句He bought three books yesterday.23Who bought three books yesterday?對主語提問，原語序不變What did he buy yesterday?對賓語提問時，將助動詞提前，弁還原動詞。When did he buy three books?對狀語提問時，將助動詞提前，弁還原動詞。They wanted to go to ShangHai by air.23Who wanted to go to ShangHai by air?Where did they want

15、to go by air?How did they want to go to ShangHai?第十講使用疑問詞進行提問和回答（2）使用疑問詞進行提問how long, how far, how often, why多長時間，多遠，多長時間一次，為什么1. They have been in China for three years.How long have they been in China?對時間狀語提問t is about 4000 kilometers from Beijing to Xi an.How far is it from Beijing to Xi an?.They

16、 come to visit me once a week.How often do they come to visit me?. She came late, because she missed the bus.Why did she come late?練習：.他們學漢語多長時間了？How long have they learned Chinese?.你多長時間看一次電影？How often do you watch movies?.你的家離學校多遠？How far is it from your house to your school?第十一講名詞代表事物的詞，包括具體和抽象的事

17、物名詞分兩類：可數名詞：是指數得過來的概念。如applepencilstudent可數名詞有單數和復數之分apple-applespencil-pencilstomato-tomatoes不可數名詞：無法計算的數量或抽象概念。如 (historylove 抽象)不可數名詞無復數，只用單數表示salt-saltcoffee-coffee water-water可數名詞變復數規則：一般末尾加后綴-s , friend-friends以szxchsh結尾的詞，在該詞末尾加后綴 -es ,bus-buses輔音字母+y結尾的名詞，將y改變為i,再加es, candy-candies ( 除 a e i

18、 o u以夕卜的字母為輔音字母)以-o結尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es.tomato-tomatoes, hippo-hippos 縮寫(從非英語國家引進的詞匯為外來詞，如madam是從法國引進的外來詞)可數名詞前可加a(an)或量詞，有復數變化以元音開頭的名詞前加 an,以輔音開頭的名詞前加 a,表示一個。applean appleapplesa box of apples 量詞Tomatoa tomatotomatoesa bag of tomatoes 量詞不可數名詞前不可加a(an)，沒有復數，但前面可以加量詞。Coffeea cup of coffee練習：He boug

19、ht me (a box of chocolate )一盒巧克力(a bike)一輛自行車第十二講代詞：指示代詞和不定代詞指示代詞(特指)：標識人或事物的代詞，用來代替前面已提到 的名詞。常用的：thisthesethatthoseThis is his book.Those apples were his.不定代詞(泛指)：指代不確定的人或事物。常用的：onethe othersomeanysomethingnothing例：No one knows where he is.沒人知道他在哪兒Someof the boys want to go to Shanghai,but the othe

20、rs want to go to Xi an.一些男孩想去上海，其他人想去西安Each of the students has got a book. 每個學生者B有一本書。 練習1. (These) teachers are from China. 這些教師都是中國來的。2.I know(nothing )about this person. 我對這個人一無所知3.I have (something)to tell you.我有事要告訴你第十三講形容詞1、形容詞通常形容人或事物的狀態、性質、大小等，通常用在名詞前，be動詞后beautiful-beautiful girl The girl

21、is beautiful.2、The+形容詞二復數名詞(表示一類)，作主語時，后面的動詞 使用復數的相應格式。old-the old老的一老年人(一類人、復數名詞)young-the young年輕的一年輕人(一類人、復數名詞)The 01d need more care than the young.The old是復數名詞,后面的動詞need不能用三單的格式。3、練習：(1) She is a ( good )student.她是一個好學生。(2)This bike is ( expensive )這輛自行車很機(3) ( The rich ) sometimes complain the

22、ir empty life.富人有時抱怨他們空虛的生活第十四講副詞1、副詞可以修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞以及其他結構。一般表程度。He runs fast.She is very beautiful. very修飾形容詞 beautifulThey work very hard.副詞的位置(1)根據情況，放在助動詞之后，實意動詞之前或之后(2)形容詞之前，其它副詞之前或之后(3)多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后He speaks very fast.fast 在實意動詞 speak之后，在其它副詞 very之后。They have already left.already在助動詞hav

23、e后They have already been repaired.already在第一個助動詞 have后2、常用的頻度副詞(alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever )的位置通常放在實意動詞前面，be動詞后面，助動詞和實意動詞之間。They always come early.Sam often writes homework at 7:00.練習：1、Please write the word( slowly)( 慢慢地)2、They (sometimes)come here.( 有時)3、The tree is ( very )tall.(非常)第十五講不定量表

24、達法(1)不確定數量的表達法，用不確定的數量詞來限定名詞Some any most every allsome,any都表示“一些”，后面接可數名詞復數、不可數名詞單數。some主要用于肯定句，希望得到肯定回答時，也 可用在疑問句中。any主要用在否定和疑問句中。I d been expecting some letters the whole morning,but there weren t any for me.most作形容詞時表示“大部分的”，后面接復數名詞Most people here are from China.every表示“每一個、所有，后面接單數名詞。Every one

25、 likes the film.all表示“所有”，后面接可數名詞復數、不可數名詞單數。All the cars are parked in the parking lot.All the coffee is served on time.練習：Some boys went camping yesterday.（ 一些）All the children like to play football.（所有的）Most teachers want to work here.（大多數）第十六講不定量表達法（2）both表示“兩者都”，可作形容詞、代詞和副詞，either是“兩者之一”，neither

26、是“兩者都不”。Both his eyes were severely burned.There are trees on either side of the street.Neither answer is correct.many修飾可數名詞，表示“許多”；much修飾不可數名詞， 表示“許多” 。a lot of（lots of） 、plenty of 均可修飾可 數與不可數名詞。many books much watera lot of/lots of books/water練習：Both the hands are washed.（兩個者B）Xiaowang drank much

27、（a 10t of ）coffee last night.（彳艮多）第十七講不定量表達法（3）.a few,為肯定含義“幾個” ；few,為否定含義“沒幾個”， 以上兩個詞均和可數名詞復數連用。A few books are put into the box.Few books are put onto the box.27little為肯定含義“一點兒” ，little為否定含義“沒多點”，以上兩個詞均可和不可數名詞連用。There is a little water in the bottle.There is little water in the bottle.none和no one的

28、意思相同，主要作代詞，翻譯為“一個也 不，一點也不”，用法稍有區別。none可以接of短語，動詞可用單數也可用復數。no one不能接of短語，動詞只能用單數。No one knows the answer.None of us have（has）arrived.練習：A few books are put into the box.（幾本）There is a little water in the bottle.（一點兒）None of us have（has） arrived.（ 沒有一個） 第十八講There/Here be 句型1.There/Here+be ,根據上下文，有多種翻譯

29、方法，可以翻譯成 “有”、“是工be動詞根據后面的名詞有單復數變化。There is a book on the bookshelf.There are some books on the bookshelf.Here is the bus stop.這兒是Here are your books.這兒是Your books are如 Here are your books 的正常語序為here ,主語是Your books, are是be動詞，here就表語，所以,There/Here+be為倒裝句，實質為主系表結構。 練習：There is a lot of water in the bot

30、tle.（有）Here is your car.（ 這是）There are many students in the room.（ 有）第十九講一般現在時和現在進行時.一般現在時：表示通常性、規律性、習慣性的狀態或動作。主語是單數第三人稱，動詞有單三的變化，主語是非第三人 稱單數時，動詞為原形。They often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:00.一般現在時，動詞的單三變化：在動詞尾直接加-s ,如：play plays以字母s、x、ch或o結尾的動詞加-es ,如:guess 一 guesses(3)以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞，先變y為i,再加

31、-es ,如：Study studies一般現在時否定和疑問句用do、does幫助構成He doesnt like the car.Does he like the car?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.They dont like the car.Do they like the car?Yes,they do./No,they dont.2.現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作。句中通常有now等時間副詞呼應，基本構成形式為be+doing。They are watching TV.He is watching TV.I am watching TV.動詞現在分詞的

32、變化規則：(1) 一般情況下，直接在動詞后加-ing ,如work-working(2)動詞以不發音的-e結尾，要去e加ing ,如take-taking重讀閉音節的動詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ing , 如:cut-cutting以-ie結尾的動詞，變 y再加-ing ,如:lie-lying現在進行時變否定句和疑問句時，將be動詞否定或提前。(1) They arent watching TV.Are they watching TV?(2)He isnt watching TV.Is he watching TV?(3)Am_I watching TV?Yes,you are./No,y

33、ou arent.練習：He works (work) very late every day.Do you study English yourself? Yes, I do.They are playing (play)soccer now.第二十講 一般過去時和過去進行時一般過去時表示 過去某個時間里 發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的行為。基本結構：主語+動詞過去式+其他，一般動詞在動詞后面加 ed,還有一些不規則動詞有不規則變化。Play played come-cameHe worked very hard last night.They came here by car.動詞

34、一般過去時變化規則：一般在動詞后加-ed。如：play played在以字母e結尾的動詞后，只加-do如：like -liked在以“輔音字母+v”結尾的動詞后，改y為i,再加-ed。如：supply supplied在以重讀閉音節結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞后，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加 -ed。如：plan - planned2.過去進行時表示在過去 某一時刻 或某一段時間 正在進行或發生的動作。其形式為 was/were+doingThey were waiting for you.He was talking with his friends just now.練習：They we

35、nt (go)swimming yesterday.Sam was watching (watch)TV at 7:00 last night.第二十一講將來時一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態，或將來某一 段時間內經常發生的動作或狀態。常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用。如：tomorrow(明天)next week(下周)in the future ( 將來).“助動詞will或shall+動詞原形”，表示將要發生的事情。They will go to Shanghai by ship tomorrow.We shall leave for Shanghai next month.離開去上海

36、“be going to+動詞原形”用來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發生的動作以及已有跡象表明必將發生某事，意為“ 打算、就 要”。They are going to play football this afternoon.She is going to learn French next year.“be doing ”表示位置轉移的動詞。如： go,come,leave,start,arrive,可用現在進行時表示將來時 。They are leaving for Japan.離開去日本(2)She is arriving tomorrow.練習：They are coming (come

37、)here soon.Sam is going to learn (learn)Chinese next month. will learn 也可以Peter and Mike will finish(finish) the job tomorrow moring.第二十二講完成時.現在完成時(have+p.p.),動作過去發生，已經完成，對現在造成影響或后果，動作可能還會持續，可使用的時間 狀語為：already(已經)和yet (還)。11) They have already arrived in Shanghai.She has played soccer for 3 hours.Sh

38、e hasn t finished the homework yet.2.過去完成時(had+p.p.),表示句中的動詞發生在過去之前， 即過去的過去，已經完成，對過去造成了一定的影響或后 果。They had arrived in Shanghai.She had played soccer for 3 hours.She hadn t finished the work yet.練習：He has stopped (stop)the car outside.She hasn t been (not be)to Sichuan yet.Have they planned (plan) to

39、stay here?第二十三講動詞的用法.動詞根據功能分為四類：實意動詞(Notional Verb ):有實際意義的動詞系動詞(Link Verb ):起聯系作用的動詞助動詞(Auxiliary Verb ):幫助構成句子成分的動詞情態動詞(Model Verb)：有情態含義的動詞，后接實意動詞 原形。(1)動詞有數量和時態 的變化，時態通常有三大時態：現在、 過去和將來時。(2)根據動作進行的狀態可分為：一般時、進行時和完成時(3)使用動詞時通常將(1)和(2)結合，如：一般現在時、 一般過去時、一般將來時；現在進行時、過去進行時；現在完成 時、過去完成時He goes to school

40、 every day.He went to hospital last night.動詞形態變化總結：動詞原形單三現在分詞過去式過去分詞playplaysplayingplayedplayedhavehashaving hadhadgogoesgoingwentgone第二十四講 情態動詞(1) can/could/may/mightcan/could :“能怎樣”，表示“現在/過去”的能力，可用 be able to 代替；“可能怎樣”，表示客觀可能性(can的 可能性大)；“可以怎樣”，通常用“can/could I ”表示請求和允許的語氣，could更委婉。能可能來可以留下嗎?He ca

41、n/could/is able to swim.He can/could come tomorrow.Can/could I stay here?Can he sing an English song?may的可能性大)；通常用Yes,he can./No,he can t.may/might :表示可能性(“may/might I ”表示請求、允許的語氣， might更委婉。 口語中常用的回答：（1）May I smoke here?Yes, please.No, you can t/mustn t.（禁止、不準）（2）He may/might come here by bus.（3）May

42、/might I join you?Yes, please./No, you can t./No, you mustn t.對may/might I 開頭的提問，肯定回答時，通常用“ Yes, please. 。否定回答時，通常用“can t（不能），慎用禁止性的“mustn t（不準）:一般不用 may not （可能不）表猜測， 語氣很弱”。3.練習：She could speak French before, but now she can t.Might/May/Could/Can （按語氣程度排序）I come in?Yes, please.第二十五講 情態動詞（2） must/ha

43、ve to/should/ought tomust/have to必須怎樣”，表示必須、必要（must主觀多一些、have to客觀多一些，表“不得不”） have to有時態和數量的變化，而 must無此變化。Must和have to二者的否定意義不大相同。如：You mustn t go.你不準去。You don t have to go.你不必去。You needn t go.你不必去。You must get up early.主觀必須 It s going to rain, I have to go home now.不得不對must和have to 提問的否定回答，須用“ need

44、n t和 don t have to ”，表示 “不必”：Must I come here early tomorrow?No, you needn t./No,you don t have to.Should/ought to :“應該怎樣”，表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是 ought to ; should強調主觀看法，而 ought to 強 調客觀要求。在疑問句中，通常用 should代替ought to.You should/ought to do the job right now.Should they stay here now?練習：1.I must （必須） go and

45、 see mymother in hospital tomorrow.2.You should（應該）work harder than that.第二十六講 情態動詞（3） need1. need： “需要”a.作情態動詞He need come here early.He needn t come here early.Need he come here early?Yes, he need./No, he needn t.b.作實義動詞，有第三人稱單數和時態的變化，可用作不定式 need to do sth 。He needs to come here early.He doesn t n

46、eed to come here early.Does he need to come here early?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.練習：1、You needn t/don t need to do it again.你不需要重復做了He needn t/doesn t need to worry about it.這件事他無需擔心Does he need to do homework first?他需要先做作業嗎？第二十七講 情態動詞（4） had better/would rather. had better 表示“最好做某事”，had雖然是過去式，但 不表

47、征過去，better后接動詞原形。He had better eat more.You d better finish it right now. would rather表示“寧愿、寧可、最好、還是為好”語感比“ had better ”要輕。You would rather deal with it now.處理.否定形式分別為：had better not+動詞原形would rather not+ 動詞原形He had better not eat more.You would rather not deal with it now.練習：You had batter stay her

48、e.你最好待在這兒I would rather not say it.我還是不說的好第二十八講 情態動詞（5） used to +v/would +vused to ,would表示過去習慣性動作，可譯為“過去常常”used to 可指過去的狀態或情況，would指過去反復發生的動作。The novel used to be popular.這小說過去很流行。would表示過去反復發生的動作。如果某一動作無反復性，就不能用 would ,只能用used to.He would practice English every week.I used to live in Beijing.used

49、to 表示過去經常性或習慣性的動作或狀態現在已經 結束，would則表示有可能再發生。People used to believe that the earth was flat.平的He would go to the park as soon as he was free.練習：The windows used to be open.過去一直開著They would gather together every week.聚在一起Sam used to play golf, but he doesn t now.第二十九講 情態動詞（6）否定和疑問.情態動詞的否定：情態動詞 + not+v原

50、形He can t sing an English song.He may not know her. 可能不He mustn t go there. 不準He doesn t have to go there.使用情態動詞進行提問：情態動詞+主語+v原形Can he sing an English song?Yes,he can./No,he can t.Must he go there?Yes,he must./ No,he needn t.（不必）Does he have to go there?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.May I smoke here?Ye

51、s, please.No, you can t （不能）/mustn t.（不準） 練習：May I stay here? Yes,please.Must she go back now? No,she needn t.Does he have to get up at 9:00? Yes,he does.第三十講情態動詞（7）情態動詞+have+p.p. （+現在完成時）.“情態動詞+have+p.p. ：表達過去的事實；或推測的含 義，表“可能已經”。（但助動詞should例外）He may/might have arrived.他可能已經至U了（可能性最小）He can/could ha

52、ve arrived.他可能已經到了（可能性小）He must have arrived.他準是已經到了（可能性大）可能性大小排序：must、can、could、may might“should+have+p.p. ” 本應該“needn t+have+p.p. ” 本不需要He should have arrived.他本應該到了（但沒到）They should have finished the work.他本應該已經完 成工作（但沒完成）You needn t have done so.你本不需要那么做must + have+p.p. 準是已經Can t +have+p.p. 不可能已經

53、He must have arrived.他準是已經到 了。He can t have arrived.他不可能已經到了。練習：He can/could/may/might（可能） have arrived.He must （準是） have arrived.You needn t （本不需要） have done so.They should（本應該）have finished the work.He can t （不可能） have arrived.第三十一講被動語態(1)被動態的構成和含義.如果主語是動作的承受者，則用動詞的被動語態作謂語。.被動語態的構成：be+過去分詞(p.p. )

54、- by sb.他被媽媽帶到了美國。He is taken to America by his mother.被動語態有各種時態：The information is needed by us.一般時 be doneThe book was being read by him.進行時 be being doneThe computer has been used by her. 完成時 have/has/had been doneThe room will be cleaned.將來時 will be doneThe computer could have been used by them.

55、可能已經被用了情態動詞+完成時情態動詞+ have/has been done練習：(一個空一個時態)The information is needed.(need)The book was read.(read)The door has been opened.(open)The book was being read.(read)The computer had been used.(use)The computer could have been used.(use)The room will be cleaned.(clean)第三十二講被動語態(2)被動態和情態動詞結合.被動語態也可

56、以和情態動詞結合： 情態動詞+be done 應該被、必須被等can/could +be done may/might +be done must/have to +be done should/ought to +be done had better/would rather +be done used to/would +be doneneed doing 需要被need to be done 需要被.和情態動詞結合的形式：The food could be taken away.食 品可以被帶走The food might be taken away. 食品可能被帶走The food m

57、ust be taken away.食品必須被帶走The food should be taken away. 食品應該被帶走The food needs taking away.食品需要被帶走The food had better be taken away. 食品最好被帶走 Books used to be returned in two days.書過去常常在2天之內被歸還。練習：The room may/might/can/could（可能）be cleaned.The door must（必須）be locked.The house should（應該）be furnished.Th

58、e tree had better （最好） be watered now.第三十三講被動語態（3） （by+行為者）可省略動作的行為者不明或不重要，或上下文中提到了行為者時，“by sb ”可以省略。The information is needed.The books is being read.The door was opened.練習：The door is opened.（open）被打開了The book is being read.（read） 正讀著The computer has been used.（use） 已經被用 了The pencil had been sharp

59、ened.（sharpen）已經被肖U尖了第三十四講被動語態（4）被動語態疑問句.被動語態的一般疑問句：助動詞+主語+ （其他助動詞）+過去分詞Is the information needed by him?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.Has the computer been used by her?Yes,it has./No,it hasnt.Will the room be cleaned?Yes,it will./No,it wont.被動語態的特殊疑問句：疑問詞+助動詞+主語+ （其他助動詞）+過去分詞The information is needed by th

60、em.What is needed by them?The girl is taken to Shanghai.Where is the girl taken?The book has been read three times.How many times has the book been read?練習：.Is the book being read（read） by her?她正在讀那本書嗎？.Has the computer been used（use） by them?他們用過那臺電腦嗎？.How often is the English class taken （take） ?英