1、情態動詞Modal verbs 常用的情態動詞can （could）may（might）shall（should）will （would） mustdare （dared）need have to ought to be able toused toThe features（特點) of the modal verbs: 1. 情態動詞本身有詞義, 但詞義不完全. 2. 不能單獨作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語. 3. 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化( 除“have to”). 4. 沒有不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式. He can/could/must/may/might/shall/

2、 should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情態動詞的使用中, 我們要注意以下考點:1. 情態動詞的基本用法。2 .情態動詞表推測的用法。3. 情態動詞+have done 的用法。 1.表“能力” can ,could的用法I can/ am able to swim.I could/ was able to climb a tree when I was a chi

3、ld.I will be able to swim next week.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 1. can 表示現在的能力2. could表示過去的能力3. be able to 表能力，可用于多種時態4. be able to 強調成功地做了某事2.表“請求,許可”could用來表示請求的時候比can 更委婉Can you help me with my English?He said I could borrow his bike.Could I us

4、e your bike? Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should3.表“可能性”can ,could 用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性，“經驗之談”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.can ,could用在疑問句中表推測,表示可能性 Can she be in the classroom?can ,could用在否定句中表推測，翻譯成“不可能 ”We thought the story couldnt be tr

5、ue. 1. Mary _ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes agoAmustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmay not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would1.表“詢問” (might比用may更客氣.) May I ? (=Can I ?)Might I ? (=Could I ?)May I borrow your book?may與might用法May I

6、pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont注意：may I ? 的答語.肯定: Yes, you may . 否定: No, you mustnt (語氣強硬) No, you may not. 或 No, youd better not.2.表“許可”You may take the boy thereHe said that I might use his telephone. Might I watch TV after supper

7、? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could3.表推測，表示主觀上的推測，“可能，也許”，不用于疑問句, might比may的可能性更小She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this place. Peter come with us tonight，but he isnt very sure yetAmust Bmay Ccan Dwill 1.must 表示主觀上的必須，應該，沒有時態變化。 You must do everything as I do.注意:Must

8、 I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must 的用法“必須、不得不”must表示的是說話人的主觀看法。 have to 表示的是客觀需要。（是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經常的或習慣性的事“必須”做。）I have to be at my office every evening.注意：1.have to的否定形式dont have to表示不必。2.have to可用于多種時態中。 1. In crowded places lik

9、e airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will2. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he_. A. need B. must C. may D. will 2. must表示肯定的推測。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. s

10、hall C. may D. must3.must表示“一定要”、“堅持” “偏要”、“偏偏” 。表示與說話人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm is overMust you make so much noise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must4. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the offic

11、e.When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentshall作助動詞，用于第一人稱，表示將來，should 是shall 的過去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.shall作情態動詞1： 用于第一人稱和第三人稱，表示征求對方意見或請求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Shall I/she sit here?shall與should用法-Sir, _ he go or stay?-

12、Let him go.A. will B. shall C. might D. could2: shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示允諾、警告、威脅、命令、決心等。 You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.(允諾)(允)(警告)(命令)(決心)1. It has been

13、announced that candidates(候選人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt3). shall用于條約，規定

14、，規章等文件中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中?！癟he interest （利益） _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 1. should= ought to 表示勸告，建議，意為“應該”，ought to 語氣更強些，強調“有責任，有義務做”A: Ill start the work tomorrow.B: I think you should start today

15、.C: No, you ought to start at once. (語氣更強） should / ought to的否定形式表示“不應該”Children shouldnt smoke.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. will B. would C. should D. mustWhat time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arriveHe _ speak to his mot

16、her like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not2. should 可表示說話人的感情如 “驚奇” “憤怒” “失望” “不滿”等.翻譯為“竟然，居然”Idontbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspeak twodifferentlanguages! 我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave like this!would B. should C. c

17、an D. must3. should表推測, 意為“可能；該”, 相當于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客觀根據或根據推理對現在某事發生的“可能性”進行描述，語氣上不如must強。Mr. Black must be home by now.Mr. Black ought to / should be home by now.布萊克先生現在一定到家了。（肯定）布萊克先生估計是到家了。（不能肯定）2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00 Ac

18、an Bshould Cmight Dneed3. Its nearly seven oclockJack _ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan1. Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad toHe never refused our request Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould 1. will 作情態動詞用時在陳述句中可用各人稱作主語, 表示其 “意志” “意愿” “決心”等.I will never do that again.I will give up smok

19、ing. Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I.A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldntwill 和would 的用法2. will在疑問句中用第二人稱作主語, 表示說話人向對方提出請示或詢問. 不如would委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?Would you like to come with us?3. will有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態或自然規律. (表示習慣, 經常性, 傾向性)慣于, 總是(會), 終

20、歸是 。Boys will be boys. 男孩終歸是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮濕就擦不著。 The door _ open.這門經常打不開。 wontwould 可用于各人稱, 表示過去時間的 “意志” “愿望” 和 決心”.2. would 表示說話人本身的 “意志” 或向對方提出 “請求.3. would 還可以表示過去習慣發生的動作.He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （現在可能散步也可能不散步了）used to表示過去常常發生的動作或存在

21、的習慣，但現在已不復存在了。 He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而現在不散步了）Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would1.作為情態動詞用，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you wa

22、lk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he do it all at once?可兼做行為動詞的情態動詞：need 、 dare dare ,need 的用法2.作實義動詞用，常用在肯定句中, 有人稱、時態、和數的變化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done The house needs

23、 cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.句型時態情態動詞dare實義動詞 dare肯定句現在時dare dodare/dares to do過去時dared dodared to do否定句現在時darent/dare not dodo/does not dare (to) do過去時dared not dodid not dare (to) do疑問句 現在時Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 過去時Dared he do?Did he dare

24、 (to) do 1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day.A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off3.The dog hibernate(冬眠) in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt n

25、eed to C. needs not to D. needs not注意對need問句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 對其它情態動詞的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)二、情態動詞表推測1. 肯定的推測一般用must, shou

26、ld, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，_的語氣最強，譯為“肯定”、“準是”、“想必是”；_的語氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應該”，指按常理推測；_的語氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。mustshouldmay（might），could- Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might-Hi, tom. Any idea where Jane is? She _ in the classroom. I s

27、aw her just now. A. shall be B. will be C. must be D. can beAccording to the speed, the car _ arrive at Shanghai before it gets dark. A. shall B. should C. can D. need 注：can 有時也用于肯定句中表示推測，主要用于表示理論上的可能性(即從理論上看是可能的，但實際未必會發生)，或表示“有時”之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. _She can be very unp

28、leasant. _Food poisoning can cause death. _即使是有經驗的教師也可能出錯。她有時很令人討厭。食物中毒可導致死亡。Read and translate:It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _ be really difficult to deal with at times even though he is a nice person in general.A

29、. shall B. should C. can D. mustat times :有時；偶爾2. 否定推測分為兩種情況： 1）語氣不是很肯定時，常用may not, might not，譯為_ 2）否定語氣較強時，則用_，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，可能不、也許不can tMale customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear

30、 glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3. 疑問句中的推測，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ A. can B. should C. may D. must4. 對已發生事情的推測?？隙ㄍ茰y常用“must, may, might+完成式”； 否定和疑問推測常用“can, could ， may, might+完成式” 。 must have done: _cant

31、 / couldnt have done: _may/ might have done:_想必一定做了某事不可能做了某事可能 /或許已經 Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. mustB. should C. must have D. should haveMy MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would I

32、cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 1. must + have + 過去分詞，表示現在對過去事物的推測。 三情態動詞+have + P.P.He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P

33、表示對過去某事的否定猜測He couldnt have been to that town.3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示對過去事情的猜測, 認為某事“可能”發生. (might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.)He may (might) have played electric game on TV the whole night. For he looks very sleepy.could+have+P.Pa.表示本來能做得到, 但事實上未做到He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow ca

34、me.can/could +have +P.Pb. 表示對過去事情的推測(只用于疑問句) He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him.4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.過去本該做，而事實上卻沒有做，表 “責備” 或 “惋惜” should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 過去本不該做，而事實上卻做了，表 “責備” 或 “惋惜”The plant is dead. I should have given it more water.You shoul

35、d not have left your baby alone in the house.5. neednt + have + P.P.表示本來不必做，但做了.She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she did.(她昨天本不必參加會議，可她參加了.)1. The river is rising. It _last night.must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asl

36、eep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been3.-There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journeyA. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been4.You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A

37、. ought to come B. ought to be comingC. ought to have come D. ought have come 5.You _ all these boxes yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry6.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting

38、, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving7. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have toldPractice 1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she is

39、nt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. mus

40、t B. shall C. may D. need 4. Children under 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D.

41、 shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

42、 -You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the p

43、olice? A. should B. may C. will D. can 11. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall13. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt15. He _ have completed his wor